Military: Pirtuni

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Historically, Donovia has been the largest influence on the Pirtunian military for all services—army, navy, and air force. Over the past couple of decades, the Pirtunian government has turned to Europe and other Western forces for military assistance, and slowly the military has modified its Donovian strategy and tactics into ones more Western in character. There are still some old generals around that remember the old days and do not want to change.

Military Forces

The Pirtunian military is designed for the country’s defense and is not conducive to offensive warfare against neighboring countries. The army is the primary military force, with smaller air force and naval elements. Air defense assets are found in the army.

Military Strategy

National Command Authority

All countries in DATE share a similar National Command Authority (NCA) construct, including Pirtuni, which considers itself a democracy. Pirtuni’s NCA exercises overall control of the application of all instruments of national power to plan and carry out the country’s national security strategy. The NCA includes the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Public Information, Finance and Economic Affairs, Interior, and Defense, along with other members selected by Pirtuni’s president, who chairs the NCA.

The president appoints the Minister of National Security, who exercises responsibility for the NCA’s Strategic Integration Department (SID). The SID serves as the overarching agency responsible for integrating all the instruments of national power under one cohesive national security strategy. The SID coordinates the plans and actions of all Pirtuni’s ministries, but particularly those associated with the instruments of national power. (See TC 7-100.2: Opposing Force Tactics, Chapter 1, Strategic and Operational Framework.)

Strategic Operational Framework

Pirtunian Supreme High Command

The strategic operational framework for all countries in the region is similar in construct and application. This is primarily the result of historic influences transcending the region. The Pirtunian government exercises command and control (C2) of the armed forces via the Supreme High Command (SHC), which includes the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and a General Staff drawn from all the service components. In peacetime, the MOD and General Staff operate closely but separately. The MOD assumes the responsibility for policy, acquisitions, and financing the armed forces. The General Staff promulgates policy and supervises the service components, while its functional directorates assume responsibility for key aspects of defense planning. In wartime, the MOD and General Staff merge to form the SHC, which functions as a unified headquarters.

Pirtuni configures its military in an administrative force structure (AFS) that manages its military forces in peacetime. This AFS contains the aggregate of various military headquarters, facilities, and installations designed to man, train, and equip the forces. In peacetime, the various militaries group their forces into a regional operational command for administrative purposes. If the SHC elects to create more than one theater headquarters, it may allocate parts of the AFS to each of the theaters, normally along geographic lines. Typically, these administrative groupings differ from the country’s go-to-war (fighting) force structure. Other parts of the AFS consist of assets centrally controlled at the national level. (See FM 7-100.4 Opposing Force Organization Guide: Chapter 3, Task Organizing.)

National Strategic Goals

Pirtuni forms its strategic goals from its considerable history with its neighboring countries, the maintenance of its sovereignty, and the suppression of any insurgent groups. Pirtuni’s strategic mission includes the prevention of any regional dominance by any one power. Pirtuni may formulate one or more specific short-term goals, each based on a particular threat or opportunity. Examples of specific strategic goals include:

• Defense of Pirtuni’s sovereignty and territory
• Economic expansion
• Destruction of insurgent groups fighting against the government

Implementing National Security Goals

Pirtuni shares similar strategies as the other five DATE countries to achieve their national goals. Strategic operations remain a continuous process not limited to wartime or preparation for war. Once war begins, strategic operations continue during regional, transition, and adaptive operations and complement those operations. Each of the latter three types of operations occurs only during war and only under certain conditions. Transition operations can overlap regional and adaptive operations.

Pirtunian Strategic Operations in Peace and War

In pursuit of its national security strategy, Pirtuni finds itself prepared to conduct four basic types of strategic-level courses of action. The four types of operations include:

• Strategic operations use all instruments of power in peace and war to achieve a country’s national security strategy goals through attacks against the enemy’s strategic centers of gravity.
• Regional operations include conventional, force-on-force military operations against overmatched opponents, such as regional adversaries and internal threats.
• Transition operations bridge the gap between regional and adaptive operations and contain some elements of both. The country continues to pursue its regional goals while dealing with developing outside intervention that has the potential to overmatch its military.
• Adaptive operations preserve the country’s power and apply it in adaptive ways against opponents that overmatch the country’s military.

National Security Strategy

Although Pirtuni may refer to them as “operations,” each of these courses of action is actually a subcategory of strategy. Each type of operation aggregates the effects of tactical, operational, and strategic actions in conjunction with instruments of national power to achieve the country’s strategic goals. The types of operations employed at a given time will depend on the types of threats, opportunities, and other conditions present.

Pirtuni’s strategy typically may start with actions directed at a regional opponent that the government may or may not overmatch in conventional military power, as well as other instruments of power. If possible, Pirtuni will attempt to achieve its ends without armed conflict through diplomacy and the other instruments of power. Accordingly, the country does not limit strategic operations to military means and usually do not begin with armed conflict. Pirtuni may achieve the desired goal through pressure applied by nonmilitary instruments of power, perhaps by merely threatening to use military power against the opponent. These actions fall under the general framework of “strategic operations.”

Pirtuni may resort to armed conflict to achieve its desired end state when nonmilitary means prove insufficient or not expedient. Strategic operations, however, continue even if a particular regional threat or opportunity causes the country to undertake “regional operations” that may include military means.

Prior to the initiation of hostilities and throughout the course of armed conflict with its regional opponent, Pirtuni will continue to conduct strategic operations to preclude intervention by outside players hostile to it—either regional neighbors or an extra-regional power that could overmatch its forces. Pirtuni will likely request support from European allies or the US. Such operations for the country, however, will always include branches and sequels to deal with the possibility of intervention by an extra-regional power.

Military Forces Overview

Military Strategy

Pirtuni’s military strategy revolves around the defense of its country against its most feared neighbor, Donovia. The military doctrine published by the Minister of Defense specifically states that the Pirtunian military must protect its country from external threats, especially Donovia. The Pirtunian military continues to attempt to obtain more technologically-advanced equipment from Western Europe and the US as it transitions away from Donovian systems and tactics. Other important parts of the doctrine are the suppression of religious or ethnic tensions in eastern Pirtuni, and the suppression of major illegal activities by transnational criminals.

Army Overview

The Pirtunian army fields approximately 100,000 soldiers, but short-term draftees with 24-month service time compose approximately 75% of this force. Pirtunian ground forces consist primarily of mechanized infantry units, but there are some armor, airborne, and air mobile units as well. Most ground-based equipment was produced internally by a robust Pirtunian military industrial complex or purchased from Donovia. Recently, Pirtuni began to produce some American and European equipment under license, including Abrams tanks, Warrior infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), and Avenger air defense systems. Pirtuni currently possesses enough M1 tanks and Warrior IFVs to field four brigades—the separate brigades. Each mechanized separate brigade reports directly to the regional operational command to which it is assigned, while the separate tank brigade reports directly to the SHC. The mechanized divisions in the Eastern and Southern operational commands are the same type structure and are composed of two mechanized infantry brigades and a tank brigade. The Western operational command’s division is composed of two infantry brigades with APCs and one brigade with IFVs. As additional M1 tanks and Warrior IFVs become available, the Pirtunian army is phasing out its old Donovian-produced armor vehicles.

Army Size and Structure

Pirtunian Ground Forces Disposition

The maneuver brigade serves as Pirtuni’s basic combined arms unit. In the AFS, some maneuver brigades are constituent, or organic, to the base structure, such as divisions. The NCA calls them divisional brigades. Pirtuni, however, organize some units as separate brigades, designed to possess greater ability to accomplish independent missions without further allocation of forces from a higher tactical-level headquarters. Separate brigades possess some subordinate units with the same force structure as a divisional brigade of the same type (for example, the headquarters); some units that are especially tailored to the needs of a separate brigade, marked “(Sep)” in the organizational directories; and some that are the same as units of this type found at division level, marked “(Div.).”

The Pirtunian army designs its maneuver brigades to serve as the basis to form a brigade tactical group (BTG) if necessary. A brigade, separate or as part of a BTG, can fight as part of a division or division tactical group (DTG), a separate unit in an operational-strategic command (OSC), an organization of the AFS (such as army, corps, or military district), or as part of a field group (FG). (See TC 7-100.2: Opposing Force Tactics, Chapter 2, Command and Control.)

The Pirtunian army has an estimated 100,000 ground troops divided into three operational commands— Eastern, Southern, and Western. Each operational command controls a division and at least one separate brigade. Some of the maneuver brigades are assigned to the division in each operational command while the separate brigades report directly to the operational command. The Supreme High Command has two separate brigades under its direct command and located close to the capital city for internal security purposes. The separate tank brigade operates the newest equipment and both brigades are composed of the best-trained soldiers in the ground forces. (See the Order of Battle (OB) at the end of this country’s variable for additional details on the units.)

Pirtunian Ground Forces by Regional Commands
Ground Forces Command	Tank BDEs (Div.)	Tank BDEs (M1) (Sep)	Mech. BDEs (IFV) (Div.)	Mech. BDEs (APC) (Div.)	Mech. BDEs (IFV) (Sep)	Airborne BDEs (Sep)	Air Defense BDEs
Supreme High Command	0	1	0	0	0	1	3
Eastern Command	1	0	2	0	1	0	0
Southern Command	1	0	2	0	1	1	0
Western Command	0	0	1	2	1	0	0

Army Doctrine and Tactics

The Pirtunian military is in the midst of a change from a Donovian-influenced military to one built on a model of Western Europe or the US. The military, with advice from the West, is changing its doctrine and tactics from a top-down directed leadership style to one of emphasizing initiative at the lowest leader level possible. Over the past two decades, more Pirtunian military officers have trained in European military academies and the US, and this Western influence is seen throughout the military from the use of more Western equipment to a new focus on mission command. The most experienced officers, however, were trained in Donovia, and sometimes this diverse experience creates a rift between the senior Donovian officers and those at the field grade level and below.

Army Training and Readiness

For the most part, the Pirtunian army relies on short-term conscription to field the majority of its army. Each year, almost 33,000 of citizens reaching the draft age of 18 must serve for 24 months. University students, however, attempt to find ways to avoid serving as a conscript and often try to serve in the navy or air force to avoid serving in the ground forces. Due to its inability to find volunteers to serve as officers, the Pirtunian army sometimes recalls reserve officers to active duty.

Only the most senior officers and noncommissioned officers received their training in Donovia—those that have been in the military for over two decades. Junior officers are more likely to have received military training in Western Europe or the US. Almost all Pirtunian sergeants have received exposure to Western influences early on in their military careers, and Donovian methods are ancient history to these younger leaders.

Pirtuni maintains a small, but reasonably competent, special-purpose force (SPF) of one battalion that cross-trains with European and American Special Forces units. The Pirtunian SPF reports directly to the Supreme High Command for national-level missions. The intelligence organizations will likely support the SPF, and most maneuver elements will construct “special purpose”-type units from their conventional reconnaissance forces or sniper units, primarily for reconnaissance purposes. The Pirtunian army also fields a reconnaissance brigade, a holdover from past Donovian military influence.

Army Equipment and Weapons

The Pirtunian army operates primarily tier 2 equipment throughout its force structure. Recently, Pirtuni received a license to produce Abram tanks, Warrior IFVs, and Avenger air defense systems at its military industrial complex. So far, the country has produced enough equipment to field four brigades with the new equipment. These include the three separate mechanized infantry brigades and the separate tank brigade. The new equipment has caused some issues, as the Abrams tanks and Warrior IFVs require additional logistical support and better-trained mechanics than the previous tanks and IFVs. These four brigades, however, possess greater operational capabilities than the other maneuver brigades. The Pirtunian army does possess the potential for other selected tier 1 niche capabilities. The country’s military forces can operate in all terrain types and can successfully conduct 24-hour operations. (See the Worldwide Equipment Guide (WEG), Vol. 1, Chapter 1, OPFOR Tier Tables for further information.)

Naval Forces Overview

Major Pirtunian Naval Bases and Repair Facilities

The Pirtunian navy operates approximately 20 major ships, but nothing larger than a corvette or a frigate. In addition to multiple patrol vessels, the navy possess some amphibious landing craft, auxiliaries, and training craft. The Pirtunian navy operates almost exclusively in the Black Sea.

Navy Size and Structure

The Pirtunian navy contains approximately 14,000 sailors of all ranks. The country divides control of its navy between the Northern and Southern Naval Territories, with the overall headquarters in Kyiv. The former operates out of Cherkasy and the latter out of Sevastopol on the Azov Peninsula. Major naval bases on the Azov Peninsula include facilities at Kerch, Novoozerne, Saky, and Sevastopol. The most important Naval bases not on Azov are at Odesa and Mariupol. Major naval repair facilities operate in Sevastopol and Mykolaiv. (See the OB at the end of this country’s variable.)

Navy Doctrine and Tactics

Pirtuni’s maritime forces primarily protect coastal borders and patrol the rivers for illegal activities. The security of the Caspian and Azov Seas are paramount to the security of the country. As secondary missions, Pirtuni’s maritime forces conduct search and rescue (SAR) and port security operations. The Southern Naval forces are a combination of blue water and brown water units that operate in the Caspian and Azov Seas and in the adjacent provinces. The Northern Naval forces are exclusively brown water and patrol the interior rivers of the country in all provinces not on the Caspian or Azov Seas. The navy operate three submarines from its port in Sevastopol.

Pirtuni’s naval missions might include:

·        Defensive patrolling of coastal areas

·        Anti-smuggling operations

·        Mine sweeping (during wartime)

·        Amphibious operations (during wartime)

·        Defensive minelaying operations (if NATO allows in time of war)

Naval Forces Training and Readiness

The Pirtunian navy conducts most of its training on the Caspian Sea and continues to look to European navies and the US to conduct join naval operations while upgrading the quality of training in the maritime forces. The navy recently announced an improvement in its operational readiness rate to over 90%.

Navy Equipment and Weapons

The Pirtunian navy operates weapons and equipment with primarily tier 2 capabilities. The navy recently received some new patrol boats from the US to improve its anti-smuggling operations. Some ships recently received upgrades to their weapons and equipment for limited tier 1 niche capabilities. Pirtuni’s naval forces can operate in all waters in and around the country, with the ability to conduct both day and night operations. Most Pirtunian ships serve as patrol boats, but the country does possess some limited fast attack and landing craft capability.

Air Force Overview

Major Pirtunian Air Force Bases

The Pirtunian air force’s missions include the protection of the country’s borders, troop transport, close air support for ground forces, and protection of key infrastructure, mainly political and economic targets. The Pirtunian air force operates primarily tier 2 equipment and planes. Pirtunian pilots, with assistance from European trainers, have demonstrated the capacity to quickly improve their flying skills if given enough training time.

Air Force Size and Structure

Pirtuni operates a fairly robust air force of 45,000 personnel that consists of a headquarters in Kyiv, three air commands covering the same ground territory as the army commands (East, South, and West, located at Poltava, Yevpatoria, and Lviv respectively), five fighter regiments, one ground attack regiment, one bomber regiment, one reconnaissance squadron, three transport regiments, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) squadron. Assets that the Pirtunian air force can use on the battlefield to provide close air support (CAS) to ground forces include the one ground attack regiment and the combat helicopter brigade. In addition to its maintenance units, the Pirtunian air force fields an aviation transport squadron. (See the OB at the end of this country’s variable.)

Air Force Doctrine and Tactics

In the past, Donovian aviation doctrine heavily influenced Pirtunian air force operations. Recently, the Pirtunian air force has turned to Europe and the US for additional training. With this Western influence, the air force continues to move away from Donovian tactics and embrace those of its new training partners. Despite the change in doctrinal influences, the Pirtunian air force still demonstrates the ability to adapt its tactics based on the constraints of a conscript-heavy force and limited new equipment procurement. The air force will not hesitate to subdivide its units and move a smaller element to a civilian runway and use it as long as the runway’s location continues to support the mission.

Air Force Training and Readiness

Pirtuni continues to improve its personnel readiness and recent reports indicate an announced 91% operational readiness rate. The quality of its pilots continues to improve as they receive additional stick time and continue to interact more with other European air forces through exchange programs.

While the headquarters of the various air force units are at discrete locations, the Pirtunian air force has priority for the use of any runway in the country for its operations. The air force will deploy smaller elements of its various regiments and squadrons to forward operating bases in support of a particular mission. In times of conflict, the military will take control of civilian runways for military use until the emergency is over. (See the Infrastructure variable for a list of most major runways in Pirtuni.)

Air Force Equipment and Weapons

Pirtunian air force equipment and weapons come from Donovia or are made in Pirtuni under license. The country is looking to purchase new airplanes from either a European or American manufacturer, depending on funding. Spare parts shortages are not abnormal and cannibalization to make operational planes does occur in some commands. The most recent reports suggest the operational readiness equipment rate for the Pirtunian air force is now over 91%.

Government Parliamentary Forces

The Pirtunian Minister of Interior (MOI) operates a border guard unit of approximately 20,000 members to enforce the country’s importation laws. Tasked with anti-smuggling and border control, the border guard is thinly-stretched due to the country’s large perimeter. The border guard is armed only with small arms.

Internal Security Forces

In addition to the border guards, the MOI can call on approximately 300,000 non-military security personnel in his directorate to perform security missions in an emergency situation. This includes 90,000 assigned to public security units; 50,000 to anti-criminal roles; 50,000 involved in VIP security operations; 12,000 investigators; and 5,000 instructors. Public security units include those that guard government facilities, riot police, and outer perimeter security duties for politicians. To join the MOI’s security units, the individuals must be under 25 years of age and over 5 feet, 9 inches tall. Most have previous military experience. The MOI’s ground forces are augmented by a small number of fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft—usually less than a dozen aircraft at any one time.

Reserves and Militia

All Pirtunian conscripts incur a six-year military obligation. For those that serve only two years on active duty, they must serve an additional four years in the Pirtunian Guard, the name given to local militia brigades. Members are assigned to a unit based on their location, but the soldiers, sailors, and airmen do not meet on a regular basis. Each summer, if funds are available, the unit is mobilized for ten days for refresher training. Many of the militia brigades have never met or worked together as a team. Ground forces in the Pirtunian Guard are nominally assigned to a local militia brigade. Upon the end of the six years of active and non-active service, the government maintains a list of personnel with military service. In the event of a national emergency, the government can recall anyone with military experience back to active service. The current estimate for Pirtunian Guard membership is about 200,000 personnel.

Non-state Paramilitary Forces

PRO-STATE FORCES

Pirtunian People’s Self Defense Forces

Since most adult males have some sort of military training, some of those that are no longer on active service gather together on weekends as part of a voluntary association. There are about 16,000 of these individuals on the Pirtunian People’s Self Defense Forces (PPSDF) rolls. The MOD is aware of the organization, but has no formal relationship with it. The PPSDF is not very organized and unit efficiency is often based on the charisma of the local unit leaders. Member’s equipment consists primarily of hunting rifles and old/surplus military equipment.

Insurgent/Guerrilla Forces

The True Pan-Donovian Movement

The True Pan-Donovian Movement (TPDM) is a group in Pirtuni whose goal is to have all ethnic Donovians, usually of the Muslim faith, under the same government. The TPDM is located primarily in eastern Pirtuni, where the majority of ethnic Donovians live; members will stop at nothing to achieve their goal to unite with Donovia and will use violence to that end. There is also a Pan-Donovian Movement (PDM) that is a small political party in the country comprising 1–2% of the population, but the PDM leadership publicly states that it has nothing to do with the TPDM. TPDM activities include attacks on Pirtunian governmental officials, government installations, Pirtuni Forever supporters, and Pirtunian and American military personnel. The PDM often aligns itself with the Strong Pirtuni bloc in local elections. Estimates for TPDM membership range from 10,000 to 25,000, with many others who explicitly or tacitly support the group.

Pirtunian People’s Liberation Army

The Pirtunian People’s Liberation Army (PPLA) is a small insurgent group that operates in the Marxist-Leninist tradition throughout the country, but primarily in rural areas such as the Carpathian Mountains. There has been a trend in the last couple of decades to recruit disenchanted university students. The PPLA wants to achieve a democratic revolution against imperialism, feudalism, and capitalism. It attempts to exploit the economic system that creates an imbalance in income distribution, the rich exploiting the rural areas’ natural resources without fair compensation to the locals, government corruption, and the inability of the poor to obtain available farm land. The PPLA is estimated at less than 5,000 active members, but it does receive some support from family and friends throughout the country to avoid capture by the Pirtunian security officials. The PPLA targets government representatives and infrastructure and large industrial enterprises. It sometimes conducts raids on Pirtunian police stations to obtain weapons and often ambushes Pirtunian security units that search for members. It has been known to execute people it believes have collaborated with authorities. The PPLA may have ties to criminal organizations such as the Bonarenkos and Lysenko Brothers.

Pirtuni Forever

Pirtuni Forever (PF) is a right-wing organization that is opposed to anything related to Donovia and the Muslim religion. While not proven, it is suspected that the Pirtunian government covertly supports the organization. The PF, a mostly Christian group, would prefer that the Pirtunian government would deport all Donovian citizens and even ethnic Donovians from the country, as stated on its website. The PF is about 8,000 to 10,000 members, but recent tensions between Donovia and Pirtuni have caused a spike in the number of people looking on the Internet for information on the group. The PF only attacks individual Donovian immigrants or ethnic Donovians whom it thinks are more supportive of Donovia than Pirtuni. On rare occasions, the PF may attack a rural village that is predominately of Donovian heritage. The PF does not have direct political representation, but is believed to often align with the Pirtunian People Bloc.

Criminal Organizations

Organized crime occurs in Pirtuni despite the government’s attempts to eliminate it. What the Western world considers crime, many in Pirtuni consider the cost of doing business. After centuries of corruption and crime, it is difficult to change the system in just a single generation.

There are three types of criminal elements in Pirtuni: gangs, large-scale criminal networks, and transnational criminal organizations. Most gangs in Pirtuni are groups that predominately deal in extortion, theft, and illegal drugs. The criminal networks are relatively large formations with connections to state authorities at the regional level. The transnational criminal organization is the highest level of organized crime and extends into many regions throughout Pirtuni, with international ties that can launder large sums of money. The networks are very professional organizations that often contain members with political ties, law enforcement connections, or relationships with major international businessmen/criminals. Often a network will specialize in a specific criminal activity. While networks can be found throughout Pirtuni, most are found in four locations: Odesa, the Carpathian Mountains, eastern Pirtuni, and the Azov Peninsula.

The Lysenko Brothers

The Lysenko Brothers—Aleksander and Anton—lead a criminal gang of about 50 members that operate throughout the Azov Peninsula. The brothers, only 18 months apart in age, are now in their late 40s. In their early years they often fought, so their mother put them in a local boxing gym to burn off their energy. They both became nationally-ranked boxers for Pirtuni despite their Donovian ethnicity, but fell under the spell of steroids to make them stronger. When the brothers could no longer box, they began selling steroids to other boxers and eventually started fixing fights. From there they branched out into other forms of gambling, prostitution, and bootlegging. With the numerous ports on the Azov Peninsula and the other places where small boats can land contraband, the brothers eventually went into the smuggling business, including drugs. Any drugs used on the Azov Peninsula are likely to have passed through the hands of one of the Lysenko Brothers’ employees.

The Bonarenkos

Andriy Bonarenko leads a criminal network that operates primarily in Donetsk in eastern Pirtuni. Bonarenko is about 42 years of age and began his life of crime selling drugs on the street. While he never finished high school, Bonarenko is not stupid. Due to his large size—well over six feet in height—Bonarenko forced other drug dealers out of business or intimidated them into giving him a piece of their action. Before he was 30 years old, Bonarenko ran the entire drug business in Donetsk. He has since expanded into extortion and hijacking cargo. For a price, Bonarenko is willing to obtain almost anything someone wants in the Donetsk area. Bonarenko has about 150–300 individuals that work for him. The major activities of his network include drugs, extortion, and trading goods on the black market, including weapons.

The Supremum

The Supremum is a transnational criminal organization headquartered in Odesa, but with affiliations throughout Pirtuni and connections to the international criminal world. The size of the group could range from 500 to 50,000 members due to world-wide connections. Considered the Pirtunian mafia, the Supremum is led by Boiany Mazur. Mazur is in his early 60s and portrays himself as a legitimate coffee importer in Odesa. Mazur operates a chain of coffee houses throughout Pirtuni and even overseas, which provide a legitimate front for his illegal activities. In actuality, his organization is like a business structured as a pyramid with himself at the top, several deputies below, and the workers/criminals underneath them. Each deputy is responsible for part of the criminal network. The Supremum is involved in almost every possible illegal activity: smuggling (cigarettes, narcotics, and even oil), vehicle theft, counterfeiting, illegal gambling, money laundering, illegal coal mining, and illegal munitions trading. So far, the Pirtunian police have not been able to connect Mazur to the criminal activity. As a major businessman in Pirtuni, Mazur has connections to Pirtunian politicians and the banking industry. The Supremum is the largest criminal network in Pirtuni, with connections to many other criminal organizations inside and outside the country.

Private Security

Organizations

Throughout Pirtuni, especially in the eastern part, wealthy citizens hire private security firms to protect their property and their persons. The Pirtunian government does not require these firms to disclose their activities, so it is not known how many are in the country. Estimates for these security contractors range from 3,000 to 10,000.

Foreign Military Presence

There are no permanently-stationed foreign military units in Pirtuni. American Special Forces have conducted exercises with their Pirtunian counterparts inside the country. Discussions are underway for the Pirtunian military to conduct exercises with NATO or American units, either inside the country or elsewhere, but nothing has been decided.

Nonmilitary Armed Combatants

There are a large number of firearms held by civilians in Pirtuni. It is estimated that 3.5 million legal and illegal firearms are in non-governmental hands. The number of registered firearms in Pirtuni increased from 722,000 twenty years ago to over one million last year. The number of registered firearms is currently 2.38 per 100 people. As the number of firearms went up in Pirtuni over the last two decades, the number of homicides decreased, including those by firearms. Statistics show that over 254 people were homicide victims by firearms twenty years ago, but only 110 last year. The firearms homicide rate per 100,000 people dropped from 0.49 twenty years ago to 0.24 last year. People in Pirtuni can carry firearms openly as long as they possess a valid permit.

Military Functions

A military function is a group of related tasks, activities, capabilities, operations, processes, and organizations that fulfills the specific military purpose for which these things all exist. When integrated with other such functions, it contributes to the accomplishment of larger missions.

Joint Capabilities

The joint capabilities of Pirtuni’s military are not up to European or American standards even though the Pirtunian army, navy, and air force conduct some joint training. The Pirtunian air force provides the planes that the Pirtunian airborne brigades use to insert their troops. Lack of compatible communications equipment between the various services is a major issue.

Command and Control

Due to the recent exposure to European and American training, Pirtunian officers have begun to allow their subordinates to use more initiative on the battlefield, breaking away from the traditional Donovian style of highly-structured maneuver with little ability to make changes. Some of the older officers were schooled in the Donovian methods and find it difficult to allow their subordinates too much discretion during maneuvers.

Maneuver

Most of the Pirtunian army is mechanized, but there are a few airborne, air mobile, or mountain brigades that are leg infantry once they are on the ground. The mainly open areas of Pirtuni allow easy maneuvering by the largely mechanized army units. The air force provides close air support to the army. The Pirtunian navy owns a small number of amphibious landing craft, making waterborne operations a possibility in any littoral areas.

Air Defense

The Pirtunian army possesses a substantial number of air defense weapons. The army is primarily responsible for air defense under Pirtunian military doctrine. (See the Order of Battle for air defense brigades and their equipment.)

Throughout maneuver units, there are a number of systems designed for air defense or can be used in an air defense role. The heavy antiaircraft machineguns on tanks are specifically designed for air defense. Machineguns on armored personnel carriers and automatic cannon on IFVs can engage both ground and air targets. Most antitank guided missiles (ATGMs) are extremely effective against low-flying helicopters. Several ATGM manufacturers offer anti-helicopter missiles and compatible fire control, which are especially effective against low-flying rotary wing aircraft. Field artillery and small arms can also be integral parts of the air defense scheme. All these weapons can be extremely lethal when used in this role.

Pirtuni considers every soldier with a man-portable air defense system to be an air defense firing unit. These weapons are readily available at a relatively low cost and are widely proliferated. The small size and easy portability of these systems provides the opportunity for ambush of enemy airframes operating in any area near Pirtunian units. Ground units also employ them to set ambushes for enemy helicopters, especially those on routine logistics missions. (For more information, see TC 7-100.2: Opposing Force Tactics, Chapter 11, Air Defense.)

INFOWAR

Pirtuni attempts to conduct information warfare (INFOWAR), but its embracement of the free press, its attempts for transparency in government, and the vast use of the Internet make it more difficult to control the message than countries where the media is more supervised by the government. The need for message approval by the chain of command slows down the response time to any incident, allowing the enemy the ability to get his message out first. It does not matter whether the enemy’s message is false, being first with the narrative is sometimes more important for obtaining international support.

RISTA

The Pirtunian army possesses reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target acquisition (RISTA) capabilities, with most elements organic to its maneuver brigades. There is a RISTA brigade that contains a signal reconnaissance brigade, a signal battalion, a UAV battalion, and an INFOWAR battalion. The Pirtunian army also fields one reconnaissance brigade that can be used to conduct RISTA, most likely at the operational level.

Effective Ranges of Pirtunian Reconnaissance Assets

Fire Support

The Pirtunian military emphasizes artillery and fire support for its ground forces. The army operates a wide variety of towed and self-propelled artillery systems. The air force fields limited fixed wing and rotary aviation assets that possess the ability to support the maneuver forces with CAS.

Protection

The Pirtunian army maintains some protection from small-arms fire as much as its ground forces operate from tanks, armored IFVs, or armored personnel carriers. The four separate brigades with Abrams tanks and Warrior IFVs operate with better protection than any of the other maneuver units. The air force’s radar can provide early warning of any aerial threats while the navy patrols the country’s coastline. The border guards, however, are stretched thin, allowing possible penetration of the border by those that avoid the regular crossing points. (See TC 7-100.2: Opposing Force Tactics, Chapter 12, Engineer Support and Chapter 7, Information Warfare.)

Logistics

Like many militaries, Pirtuni concentrates on its combat units and often neglects the logistics infrastructure necessary to support modern warfare. Over the last two decades, with many officers attending European or American military schools and its operations with NATO, the country has become aware of the need to increase its logistics to maintain the maneuver forces. Pirtuni has slowly been increasing its logistical capabilities and this is most noticeable in the four separate brigades with Abrams tanks, Warrior IFVs, and Avenger air defense systems. To keep this equipment at the appropriate level, additional logistics personnel—both military and civilian contractors—are dedicated to equipment and vehicle maintenance.

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear

Pirtuni possesses a modern chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) capability. The military conducts routine CBRN training and there is a dedicated CBRN battalion in the force structure. While its CBRN training is primarily defensive in nature, the country is rumored to have some offensive chemical warfare stocks. Pirtuni is not conducting any known biological experiments for use on the battlefield. While it operates several nuclear power plants in the country, Pirtuni does not possess a nuclear weapon. That does not mean, however, that criminals or other elements could not get hold of some nuclear material from internal or external sources to create a dirty bomb.

Research & Development Goals

Pirtuni is involved in military research and development, especially upgrading of older equipment to make it more lethal. Upgrading old equipment is often a cheaper solution than producing an entirely new vehicle. The country does possess a large number of companies involved in the production of military vehicles and equipment, including the production of foreign tanks, IFVs, and air defense missile systems under license. The country can produce its own aviation-related equipment, mainly transport airplanes and engines; tanks, including Abrams M1s; IFVs, including Warrior; light vehicles; small ships; electronic warfare equipment; and optics of all types.

Special Considerations

For a long time, Donovia influenced Pirtuni, including its military. Over the past two decades, as Pirtuni turned to Europe and the US, this Donovian influence has waned. Donovia is not happy, as it feels that Pirtuni is ungrateful for the many years of Donovian friendship. Many of the older officers in the Pirtunian military went to Donovian military schools and trained with Donovian units and still feel a kinship with their past benefactor. The younger Pirtunian officers feel no love for Donovia, however, and look to NATO and the US as the better option.

The criminal elements in Pirtuni will buy and sell anything as long as it produces a profit. If a dirty bomb were to be profitable enough for the risk to obtain the nuclear material, the largest of the Pirtunian criminal organizations would not hesitate to do so.

Summary

The Pirtunian military is slowly modernizing its army with assistance from Europe and the US. In its best units, the ground forces are using domestically-produced copies of major weapons systems that are more compatible with those of the US. If attacked, Pirtuni will attempt to defend while waiting on support from its allies. It is unlikely that Pirtuni will use its military to strike any of its neighbors first.