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''This page is a section of [[Pirtuni]].''
 
''This page is a section of [[Pirtuni]].''
  
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While the region’s five countries have a significant number of rural residents, the majority of each country’s population lives in urban areas. About two-thirds of the Arianian (68%), Donovian (67%), and Limarian populace (64%) and just over half of the Gorgan (53%) and Atropian (52%) populace live in urban areas. All five countries contain a mixture of modern urban cities and almost pre- modern rural villages. Modern utilities can be found in most major cities but not in the rural villages and countryside.
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The urban areas in Pirtuni are similar to the cities of Western Europe, with all the modern conveniences and infrastructure found in modern metropolitan areas. In some rural areas of the country, there is a lack of access to modern utilities—electricity, treated water, and plumbing. The vast majority of Pirtunians, however, live in urban areas with all the comforts found in most European homes. The Pirtunian
  
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Atropia finds itself at a crossroads between a modern future and an agrarian past in its infrastructure. A dichotomy exists where cities possess most modern society amenities, but many rural people continue to live as their ancestors did centuries ago. About 25% (2.46 million) of the Atropian populace live in the capital city, Baku, or its immediate suburbs. Except for Ganja (307,500) and   Sumgayit (268,800), no other Atropian cities exceed 100,000 people. Larger Atropian cities include an old inner city surrounded by more modern construction. Rural village dwellers live in homes built similar to those of their ancestors. Industrial development utilizes modern construction and methods, especially in the oil industry. Atropian industry uses factories and methods that continue to pollute and damage the environment. The government does little to regulate the industrial sector, and businesses continue to operate outdated equipment that harms the environment. Military operations in rural areas will require more logistical support due to a lack of modern infrastructure, but will face fewer problems due to civilians on the battlefield (COB). Military operations in urban areas will allow for greater use of host nation support, but will rouse additional problems due to heath issues caused by pollution, more COBs, and humanitarian support needs for the higher number of civilians.
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transportation network, whether it is the roads, railway lines, or the airports, is expansive and allow the people to move freely throughout the country. In short, foreign visitors from modern countries would find little difference between the infrastructure of Pirtuni’s major cities and their own home towns.__TOC__
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__TOC__
 
  
 
==Construction Patterns==
 
==Construction Patterns==
 
[[File:Block-Style Apartment Building.png|thumb|Block-Style Apartment Building]]
 
[[File:Block-Style Apartment Building.png|thumb|Block-Style Apartment Building]]
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As previously mentioned, the majority of residents in all five countries live in urban areas. Most urban cities contain a mixture of old neighborhoods with roughshod construction, while buildings in newer neighborhoods were made with modern construction methods. In rural villages and areas, residents use whatever materials they can obtain to build their houses.
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Almost all large Pirtunian cities contain four distinct neighborhood types based upon the time of their construction. The oldest parts of the cities usually contain dense random construction created as the city grew from a village to a metropolitan area. The second area consists of extra-large rectangular block apartment buildings in closed, orderly block construction built during the last 100 years. The third area is low-rise single family dwellings, some new and others not so new. Near industrial areas, there is usually low-income housing built to support blue-collar factory workers. Construction in most of the cities is a combination of newer Western-style architecture and old-fashioned building techniques modified with modern conveniences. The newer sections of a city will be more open that the older areas; this is especially true in the central areas and the close-in living areas adjacent to the city core. Shantytowns will most likely be in open spaces on the periphery of the cities.
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==Major Cities and Urban Zones==
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[[File:Pirtuni cities.png|thumb|Atropia's Largest Cities]]
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Approximately 69.7% of Pirtuni’s population resides in urban areas. Pirtuni possesses six metropolitan areas that contain over 750,000 residents. Only about 16% of the population, however, live in these six largest cities. Currently, there is a negative urbanization rate of under 1% annually.
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 +
'''KYIV'''
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Kyiv is the capital city, located on both sides of the Dnieper River in north central Pirtuni, with a population of almost three million residents. Its history on the western or “right bank” of the river dates back to the fifth century when the city first became a trading center. The left bank, primarily residential areas, first developed in the 20th century. The city is a mix of old and new construction, with 70% of all buildings built between 1900 and 1920 still standing. There are ten districts in Kyiv, seven on the right bank and three on the left bank. The oldest part of the city center contains a mixture of closely-compacted ancient buildings along narrow streets, and modern multi-story high-rise buildings that form both the city’s inner core and the core periphery of its urban zones. The right bank contains both high-rise and low-rise residential areas, while the left bank contains primarily low-rise residential areas. The areas along the waterfront are home to Kyiv’s major industrial areas, with secondary commercial areas scattered throughout the city. Transportation system includes a subway (Metro), buses, mini-buses, trolleys, trams, taxis, and a funicular to connect the historic Uppertown with the lower commercial neighborhoods. Two passenger airports support Kyiv, as well as major intra-city and intercity railroad lines.
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'''KHARKIV'''
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The second-largest city in Pirtuni, Kharkiv, is located in the northeastern part of the country and contains a population of over 1.4 million residents, with another 300,000 living in the surrounding metropolitan area. Kharkiv boasts 60 scientific institutes, 30 universities, and a major tank manufacturing plant. Much of the city was built after 1945, and it contains nine administrative districts. Due to the majority of the buildings being less than 100 years old, the city does not contain the haphazard construction of closely- compacted buildings found in older European cities. Kharkiv does contain, however, the other types of urban zones: high-rise and low-rise residential areas, commercial districts, and manufacturing regions. Kharkhiv operates a subway (Metro) system and an international airport, and functions as a major railway hub. The railway is the major transportation mode that connects the city with the other suburbs in the greater metropolitan area.
  
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Atropian construction patterns reveal similarities based on whether they exist in an urban or rural area of the country. Most urban areas exhibit a pattern of concentric circles with a densely packed, randomly constructed old city in the center that consists of buildings made from traditional materials such as mud, wood, or stone. The next circle that surrounds the old city includes housing construction similar to Western countries with closed orderly block construction. The final outside circle, if it exists in the urban areas, consists of industrial activities on the city’s outskirts that create urban strip areas. Fifty-four percent of all Atropian urban residents live in large block-style apartment buildings often bigger than the one pictured to the right.
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'''ODESA'''
  
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Rural residents live in widely-separated villages and continue to utilize the same construction techniques, such as wooden huts, that their ancestors have used for generations. Atropian rural areas often do not possess the utilities associated with the urban areas and, for the most part, the construction looks like a shantytown.
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Odesa, with approximately one million residents, is the third-largest city in Pirtuni and a major seaport located on the Black Sea. The greater metropolitan area includes approximately 200,000 additional residents. Odesa is divided into four administrative districts and many of its buildings were constructed after 1945. Unlike Kyiv and Kharkiv, much of Odesa displays a Mediterranean style of classical architecture. The city contains six types of urban zones—urban core, core periphery, high-rise residential, low-rise residential, commercial, and manufacturing. Odesa has a large number of public parks and the port operations drive the local economy. While Odesa has a subway system, it is not a major means of transportation for residents. The locals prefer to use light rail, buses, trams, and ferries to move around the city. The railroad and the Odesa International Airport connect the city to the rest of Pirtuni and the world.
  
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Military activities in Atropian urban areas will face the same challenges as similar-size Middle Eastern cities with old city centers and newer, more modern suburbs. The close location of the buildings in the city centers will allow people to travel from building to building by a variety of methods that will include roofs, underground passageways, and streets.
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'''DNIPROPETROVSK'''
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==Major Atropian Cities and Urban Zones==
 
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[[File:Atropia’s Largest Cities.png|thumb|Atropia's Largest Cities]]
 
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Only three cities with populations over 100,000 people exist in Atropia, even though over half the people live in urban areas. Except for Baku, no other Atropian city contains more than 307,500 residents.
 
  
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===Baku===
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Dnipropetrovsk contains about one million inhabitants—the number is closer to 1.5 million for the entire metropolitan area—and constitutes the fourth-largest city in Pirtuni. Located in almost the dead-center of the country, Dnipropetrovsk sits astride the Dnieper River, about 250 miles southeast of Kyiv. The city is divided into eight districts and contains all seven types of urban zones: the urban core containing old buildings located on crowded streets; the core periphery, where people initially move to escape the inter- city; high-rise and low-rise residential areas; commercial areas in various parts of the city; manufacturing areas, located primarily along the waterfront; and designated military areas. The city’s economic activity over the last century has centered on military-related production that is driven by the large number of research and development firms located there. Local transportation methods include trams, buses, electric trolley buses, and marshrutkas. The latter are private mini-buses operated by local entrepreneurs. The railroad and international airport connect Dnipropetrovsk to anywhere one wants to travel.
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Atropia’s capital city, Baku (over 2.46 million in the metropolitan area), serves as Atropia’s major port on the Caspian Sea and contains Atropia’s largest and best port. The capital city contains all seven urban zones: city core, core periphery, high- rise residential areas, low-rise residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, and military bases. The city center creates a city  core  urban  zone which lies within fortress walls that date back to 1806 and contain narrow streets, buildings in close proximity, and numerous mosques that look similar to the non-religious buildings next to them.
 
  
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The second part of the concentric circle contains Baku’s boomtown, a low-rise residential urban zone located south of the old city, which began around the turn of the 20th century when oil became a major revenue source for the area. The boomtown contains numerous large mansions built by oil millionaires.
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'''DONETSK'''
  
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The third concentric circle consists of modern Baku and the suburbs that grew out from the two previous areas during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes numerous high-rise buildings and modern architecture that create both high-rise and low-rise residential urban zones.
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Donetsk, with 934,000 residents and over twice that number in the metropolitan area, is the fifth-largest city in Pirtuni. Donetsk is located in the country’s eastern region, not far from Donovia. The city is relatively young, as it was founded in 1869 by a businessman who built a steel plant there to take advantage of the coal mines located in the region. The city is laid out in a Western style, more so than other Pirtunian cities. Donetsk is missing the urban core and core periphery zones found in most cities of a similar population. It does possess four other urban zones: high-rise residential, low-rise residential, commercial, and manufacturing. Most of the city’s manufacturing capacity is built around the heavy industry needed to sustain local mining operation. Trams, electric trolley buses, buses, and marshrutkas form the core of the Donetsk public transportation system. To travel outside the metropolitan area, there is a railway that services seven million passengers a year, a road system, and an international airport.
  
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Atropia’s major airbase is located in Baku’s eastern suburbs on the Tramaz peninsula, which extends outward into the Caspian Sea.
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'''ZAPORIZHZHYA'''
  
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===Ganja===
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Zaporizhzhya is the third of Pirtuni’s six major cities that grew up on the Dnieper River. Zaporizhzhya, with just over 750,000 residents, is Pirtuni’s sixth-largest city; it is located in the southeastern part of the country. Founded in 1770, the area became the new home for farmers driven from their ancestral lands to the west. Later, many of these same farmers fled to other countries to avoid military conscription. Prior to 1930, Zaporizhzhya was not much more than a village. A city master plan changed that when a hydroelectric power station was built on the Dnieper River and became the most powerful hydroelectric source in all of Europe once it became operational. The electricity produced by the dam gave rise to a large number of manufacturing firms over the next several decades. There is a large manufacturing zone in Zaporizhzhya, but very little remains of the city’s old urban core and core periphery zones. There are high-rise and low-rise residential areas scattered throughout the city, as well as several commercial areas.
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Ganja (population 307,500) lies approximately 239 miles straight west of Baku and holds Atropia’s second-largest urban population. Ganja possesses the three-ring system with an old city section enveloped by a more modern area, surrounded by industry or more rural areas, that creates a city core and core periphery with more low-rise than high-rise residential urban zones. Ganja specifically contains an old city, a modern downtown area, and more rural suburbs. Ganja possesses some commercial areas but only limited industrial areas.
 
  
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===Sumgayit===
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'''POPULATION DENSITY'''
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While people have lived in this general area adjacent to the Caspian Sea since the 15th century, Atropia created Sumgayit (population 268,800) to support heavy industries in the 20th century. Sumgayit is located about 20 miles northwest of Baku. In World War II, the Atropians built a thermal power station to support the petroleum industry in the area. Poor industrial design and practices created a severe pollution problem for the area. Sumgayit lacks the typical closely connected buildings found in most Atropian cities and does not possess the city core and core periphery urban zones found in most of Atropia’s cities. Most residents live in high-rise residential areas with limited low-rise residential zones on the outskirts of the city. Large industrial zones exist because of the city’s original purpose, but there are fewer commercial areas than expected for a city its size. Some scientists consider Sumgayit to be Atropia’s most environmentally damaged area. Sumgayit contains Atropia’s second-largest port facilities on the Caspian Sea.
 
  
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===Mingachevir===
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Kyiv: 8,550 people per square mile
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Mingachevir (population 95,500) owes its position as Atropia’s fourth-largest city to the 1950s dam built on the Kura River that begins in Kalaria and spills into the Caspian Sea. Mingachevir lies approximately 180 miles west of Baku in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.
 
  
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While people inhabited the area for centuries, Mingachevir only began to grow after the 1953 completion of the hydroelectric dam. Mingachevir Reservoir, formed by the dam, remains Atropia’s largest body of water at 233.5 square miles. The dam provides Atropia with hydroelectric power and irrigation water, and helps control area floods.
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Kharkiv: 12,000 people per square mile
  
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Due to its relative newness, Mingachevir does not possess the dense, old, inner city core or core periphery zones of similar-sized cities. While some high-rise residential areas exist, most residents live in low-rise residential areas. Limited commercial areas exist and the dam forms the city’s primary major industrial area. The city hosts three institutes of higher learning. Mingachevir’s somewhat mild climate made it an excellent location for internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Lower Janga, which is a region disputed over by Atropia and Limaria. The IDPs live in government- built, but hastily constructed, low-quality houses.
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Odesa: 11,000 people per square mile
  
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Military operations in the Mingachevir area will likely not face the intense house-to-house fighting usually associated with the dense random construction of old cities. Due to its relatively small size, the military cannot expect to find much local logistical support in the area. The continual operation of the local power plant remains essential to provide power for most of the country.
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Dnipropetrovsk: 6,350 people per square mile
  
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===Shirvan===
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Donetsk: 7,100 people per square mile
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Shirvan, Atropia’s fifth-largest city (population 69,600), lies approximately 75 miles southwest of Baku on the Kura River. Shirvan is in a semi-arid region with mild winters. It possesses a small city core and core periphery urban zones while more neighborhoods consist of low-rise than high-rise residential construction. Many visitors remark that Shirvan resembles Arianian cities more than other Atropian cities. Limited commercial and industrial areas exist.
 
  
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===Population Density===
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Zaporizhzhya: 6,100 people per square mile
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*Baku: 2,480 people per square mile
 
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*Ganja: 7,376 people per square mile
 
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*Sumgayit: 9,632 people per square mile
 
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*Mingachevir: 7,113 people per square mile
 
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*Shirvan: 6,516 people per square mile
 
  
 
==Utilities Present==
 
==Utilities Present==
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The Caucasus area faces a dichotomy when it comes to utilities such as electricity, water, and sewage treatment. Most urban households can access modern utilities, but rural areas cannot. Many rural residents who cannot access modern utilities live similarly to their ancestors generations ago.
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Compared to other countries in the region, Pirtuni possesses a high degree of access to modern utilities— electricity, water distribution, and sewage treatment. Most urban households can access modern utilities, but there may be pockets of rural Pirtuni where these services remain unavailable.
  
 
===Power===
 
===Power===
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Another dichotomy in the Caucasus region is that countries like Ariana, Atropia, and Donovia export hydrocarbons, coal, or electrical power to other countries while Gorgas and Limaria must import the same resources to meet their requirements. The countries that can export hydrocarbon products or electricity become richer while those that must import significant quantities of power become poorer. At least 75% of all structures in the five countries can access power because they are located in urban areas.
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Pirtuni is a net exporter of energy, primarily in the form of electricity. Each year, Pirtuni produces 187.1 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity and consumes 159.8 billion kWh. In addition, Pirtuni exports 89 million kWh of electricity per year. The difference between production and consumption/export is the loss of electricity due to poor infrastructure. Pirtuni operates with an installed generating capacity of 55.19 million kW, and produces electricity in a variety of ways:
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·        Fossil fuels: 63.7%
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·        Nuclear: 25.3%
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·        Hydroelectric: 9.9%
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·        Renewable sources: 1.1%
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There are 16 fossil fuel plants that burn coal or natural gas to produce over 60% of Pirtuni’s electricity. Their locations and production capacity in megawatts are shown below:
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·        Burshtyn: 2,400
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·        Dobrotvir: 600
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·        Dnipropetrovsk: 1,765
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·        Enerhodar: 3,600
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·        Komosomolske: 2,175
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·        Kurakhove: 1,482
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·        Ladyzhyn: 1,800
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·        Mykolaivka: 800
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·        Myronivskyi: 100
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·        Novyi Svit: 1,725
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·        Shchastia: 1,500
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·        Svitlodarske: 3,600
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·        Sievierodonetsk: 150
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·        Ukrainka: 1,800
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·        Zelendolsk: 3,000
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·        Zuhres: 1,245
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There are ten hydroelectric power plants in Pirtuni, most located along the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers. These plants and their capacities in megawatts are shown below:
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·        Dniprodzerzhynsk: 352
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·        Kakhovka: 351
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·        Kaniv: 444
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·        Kremenchuk: 625
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·        Kyiv 1: 389
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·        Kyiv 2: 235
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·        Novodnistrovsk 1: 702
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·        Novodnistrovsk 2: 2,268
  
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For decades Atropia has produced more electricity than it has consumed. Atropia operates four water reservoirs at Mingachevir, Shamkir, Yenikend, and Sarsang in the Kura River basin to generate electrical power and ensure that over 75% of the population can access a modern power generation system. In the future, it appears Atropia will continue to produce more power than it uses internally.
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·        Tashlyk: 302
  
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Over the past decade, Atropia’s hydrocarbon industries demonstrated dramatic growth. At the same time, internal Atropian oil consumption dropped. In the last five years, Atropia more than doubled its natural gas production from 206 billion cubic feet to 572 billion cubic feet while it completely eliminated all natural gas imports.
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·        Zaporizhzhya: 1500
  
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See the nuclear section for information on nuclear power plants.
 
===Water===
 
===Water===
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The majority of the Caucasus region’s urban population has access to potable water. As areas become more rural, people must rely on local sources—rivers, streams, and wells—to obtain water for cooking, drinking, and washing.
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Approximately 96.2% of Pirtuni’s population can access improved water sources. This ranges from 95.5% in the urban areas to 97.8% in the rural areas.
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Currently, about 78% of all Atropians can access potable water, with 95% of the population in urban areas and 59% of the population in rural areas having access. Atropian farmers use only 60-70% of irrigated land due to water shortages, but current irrigation methods reduced the annual runoff of the Kura River into the Caspian Sea by 15-20% when compared to the period before modern irrigation began. Heavy pollution, especially in areas that contain oil and gas fields, contaminates ground water before it soaks into the ground.
 
  
 
===Sewage===
 
===Sewage===
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The vast majority of Ariana, Atropia, Donovia, and Gorgas urban residents use modern sewage disposal methods to get rid of waste, but most Limarians do not. Urban residents have greater access to modern sewage treatment than rural residents. The more remote a person, the less likely he/she will use modern sewage treatment techniques. Poor disposal methods in rural areas contaminate ground water that other residents rely on for drinking and cooking.
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Approximately 95.9% of all Pirtunian residents can access improved sanitation facilities. This ranges of 92.6% of the population in the rural areas to 97.4% in the urban areas. While rural residents can access clean water more easily than the urban population, the exact opposite is true for access to modern sewage treatment methods.
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The Atropian citizens’ access to modern sewage services, like almost all other communal services, depends on their location. About 90% of all urban Atropians can access improved sanitation infrastructure, but only 70% of rural Atropians can, for a national average of 80%. Poor sewage treatment methods lead to pollution, ground water contamination, and increased likelihood of some diseases.
 
  
 
===Transportation Architecture===
 
===Transportation Architecture===
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Roads are the primary transportation method throughout the Caucasus region. Train and especially air travel remain too expensive for many residents of Ariana, Atropia, Gorgas, and Limaria. Most roads, especially the unpaved ones, suffer from a lack of maintenance. Ariana and Donovia maintain a complex transportation architectural system while the other three countries operate a moderate one due to railway system limitations.
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Pirtuni’s residents can access a wide variety of transportation methods. These range from the standard— automobile, bus, or train—to other, rarer methods such as a marshrutka or a funicular in hilly cities. A marshrutka is a mini-bus operated by a civilian and is not a business concern. Individuals hire out their personal vehicles to transport people, but there are designated locations where people must congregate to hire the marshrutka driver.
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[[File:Atropia’s Major Roads.png|thumb|Atropia's Major Roads]]
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[[File:Pirtunian roads.png|thumb|Pirtuni's Major Roads]]
  
 
===Road Systems===
 
===Road Systems===
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Overall, roads in this part of the world do not meet US or Western Europe standards. Driving is hazardous, especially in the winter months or in bad weather. Generally, drivers do not obey all traffic laws, and vehicle owners often fail to maintain their vehicles properly.
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The vast majority of roads in Pirtuni are paved. There are 107,679 miles of roads in Pirtuni. About 97% or 105,443 miles of the roads are paved. There are few expressways, however, with only 11 miles total in the entire country.
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===Bus===
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Buses are a major mode of transportation for the people of Pirtuni, especially for intra-city movement. In most cities, buses run on regular schedules to allow passengers to travel to and from work, or to go shopping. Buses are also used for inter-city travel, normally in the local area, and usually operate out of selected designated bus stops.[[File:Atropia’s Major Railroads and Ports.png|thumb|Pirtuni's Major Railroads and Ports]]
  
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Atropia possesses 36,749 miles of roads throughout its entire country, to include 18,151 miles of paved and 18,598 miles of unpaved roads. Drivers will find most Atropian roads that are not hard- surface poorly maintained, without adequate lighting, and without much signage. Many roads received little maintenance during the 20 years before the hydrocarbon boom that began approximately 10 years ago. Drivers will find two major highway systems in Atropia. One runs primarily north and south along the Caspian Sea and connects Donovia to Ariana. The Atropians call this highway M2 where it runs north from Baku. The Atropians call the same road M3 south of Baku. Atropian highway M1 serves as the primary east-west road corridor and runs from Baku west to the Gorgas border. Highways M1, M2, M3 and M4 service all of Atropia’s 10 largest cities except Stepanakert.
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===Rail===
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Railways operate throughout Pirtuni and connect the cities together. There are both local and express trains. There are 13,474 miles of broad gauge track (5 feet) in the country, of which 5,748 miles operate by electricity. Many of the electrically-powered trains are light-rail systems in the larger cities. In addition, there are an additional 30 miles of standard gauge (4.7 feet) track in Pirtuni, all operated by electricity. (See map of railroads and ports in Ports section.)
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===Air Transportation Systems===
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There are approximately 108 paved and 79 unpaved runways throughout the country. The following chart indicates the details on most of the major runways.
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[[File:Pirtunian runways.png|thumb|Pirtuni’s Major Runways (Not All Shown)]]
  
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Atropian road standards range from US-style interstate highways to roads not much better than a cart path. In general, less-populated areas possess poorer-quality roads. The remoteness of some parts of Atropia creates road maintenance difficulties. In rural areas, heavy rains may make some unpaved roads impassable in or just after rainy periods. Atropian maintenance standards often do not meet Western standards, and maintenance workers rely more on manpower and less on equipment than in more modern countries. Major military operations may stress the Atropian road system, which at times may interrupt or delay convoys.
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====Paved Runways====
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===Bus===
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·        Over 10,000 feet: 13
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All five countries maintain some sort of bus system, but its quality depends on the country and location. The larger the city, the more likely it will operate a public bus system. Usually, intercity buses run between the larger cities, and “private” buses may also operate in some areas. Due to the relatively cheap cost of public transportation, buses remain a favorite method for local civilians to travel long distances within their country.
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·        8,000 to 10,000 feet: 42
  
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The Atropian bus system operates primarily in support of Baku. Five years ago, Atropia opened a new 21.4 hectare Baku International Bus Terminal to service both international passengers and those within Baku. The new terminal can adequately service 800 to 950 buses and 18,000 to 20,000 passengers daily.
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·        5,000 to 8,000 feet: 22
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[[File:Atropia’s Major Railroads and Ports.png|thumb|Atropia's Major Railroads and Ports]]
 
  
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===Rail===
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·        3,000 to 5,000 feet: 3
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All five Caucasus countries operate a railroad system, but they suffer many problems due to maintenance issues, non-standard equipment, criminal activity, and high cost.
 
  
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The Atropian State Railway operates 1,319 miles of broad gauge (5 foot) railroad track with 794 miles or 60% of the track operated by electricity. One of the three main tracks follows the same basic route as highways M2 and M3 from Donovia along the Caspian Sea to Ariana. The second main track follows the same general route as highway M1 from Baku to the Gorgas border. A recently completed third track connects Rimzi with the east-west track just east of Mingachevir. Due to the current conflict with Limaria over the Lower Janga region, the rail lines are blocked at all Limarian and Lower Janga borders.
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·        Under 3,000 feet: 28
  
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Baku began to build its subway in 1951 and remains the only Atropian city large enough to operate a subway system. The Baku Metro currently operates 22 stations on 21 miles of track along two main lines. The two main metro lines cross at Baku Central Station. About five years ago, officials announced plans to construct 41 new metro stations in Baku over the following 17 years, but construction only began recently. The Baku Metro closes between 0100 and 0600 hours daily. The subway’s continued operation reduces the amount of vehicular traffic on the city’s streets.
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====Unpaved Runways====
 +
·        Over 10,000 feet: 0
  
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===Air Transportation Systems===
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·        8,000 to 10,000 feet: 0
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All five countries maintain both paved and unpaved runways of varying distances. Many of the unpaved runways resemble nothing more than a cleared dirt path only suitable for the sturdiest of planes.
 
  
−
Atropia contains a total of 36 airports with 31 paved and eight unpaved runways. All unpaved runways in Atropia do not exceed 3,000 feet. The map on the next page shows the location of Atropia’s major runways and the chart below shows the details for each runway. Atropia’s runways (not all shown on the map and chart) by length include the following:
+
·        5,000 to 8,000 feet: 5
−
[[File:Atropia’s Major Runways (Not All Shown).png|thumb|Atropia’s Major Runways (Not All Shown)]]
 
  
−
====Paved Runways====
+
·        3,000 to 5,000 feet: 5
−
*Over 10,000 feet: 4
 
−
*8,000 to 10,000 feet: 8
 
−
*5,000 to 8,000 feet: 14
 
−
*3,000 to 5,000 feet: 4
 
−
*Under 3,000 feet: 1
 
  
−
====Unpaved Runways====
+
·        Under 3,000 feet: 69
−
*Over 10,000 feet: 0
 
−
*8,000 to 10,000 feet: 0
 
−
*5,000 to 8,000 feet: 0
 
−
*3,000 to 5,000 feet: 0
 
−
*Under 3,000 feet: 8
 
  
 
====Major Runways====
 
====Major Runways====
−
*PEM=Porous European Mix
+
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| colspan="7" |'''Major Pirtunian Runways'''
 +
|-
 +
|'''Map #'''
 +
|'''City Airport'''
 +
|'''Elevation (Feet)'''
 +
|'''Latitude (D, M, S)'''
 +
|'''Longitude (D, M, S)'''
 +
|'''Length (Feet)'''
 +
|'''Surface Type'''
 +
|-
 +
|'''1'''
 +
|Baherove
  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: left;"
+
Baherove Air Base (Military)
−
| '''Map #'''
+
|364
−
| '''Elevation (Feet)'''
+
|45⁰ 24’ 25”  N
−
| '''Latitude (D, M, S)'''
+
|36⁰ 14’ 41” E
−
| '''Longitude (D, M, S)'''
+
|11,483
−
| '''Length (Feet)'''
+
|Concrete
−
| '''Width (Feet)'''
 
−
| '''Surface Type'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 201
+
|'''2'''
−
|1079
+
|Berdyansk Berdyansk Airport
−
|41 07 22.01N
+
|171
−
|45 25 21.80 E
+
|46⁰ 48’ 53”  N
−
|7098
+
|36⁰ 45’ 29” E
−
|115
+
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''3'''
 +
|Bila Tserkva
 +
 
 +
Bila Tserkva Airfield (Military)
 +
|587
 +
|49⁰ 47’ 56”  N
 +
|30⁰ 06’ 55” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''4'''
 +
|Borodianka Borodianka  Airport
 +
|472
 +
|50⁰ 39’ 57”  N
 +
|29⁰ 56’ 00” E
 +
|4,593
 +
|Soft
 +
|-
 +
|'''5'''
 +
|Brody
 +
 
 +
Brody Airport
 +
|787
 +
|50⁰ 08’ 00”  N
 +
|25⁰ 10’ 00” E
 +
|6,562
 +
|Concrete
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|'''6'''
 +
|Cherkasy
 +
 
 +
Cherkasy International
 +
|375
 +
|49⁰ 24’ 56”  N
 +
|31⁰ 59’ 43” E
 +
|8,180
 +
|Asphalt Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''7a'''
 +
|Chernihiv
 +
 
 +
Chernihiv Shestoviitsa Airport
 +
|446
 +
|51⁰ 24’ 08”  N
 +
|31⁰ 09’ 30” E
 +
|7,218
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''7b'''
 +
|Chernihiv
 +
 
 +
Chernihiv  Shestoviitsa Airport
 +
|446
 +
|51⁰ 24’ 08”  N
 +
|31⁰ 09’ 30” E
 +
|1,969
 
|Asphalt
 
|Asphalt
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 202
+
|'''8'''
−
|935
+
|Chernivtsi
−
|40 24 24.00 N
+
 
−
|50 12 01.00 E
+
Chernivtsi International
−
|3966
+
|797
−
|120
+
|48⁰ 15’ 32”  N
 +
|25⁰ 58’ 52” E
 +
|7,270
 
|Asphalt
 
|Asphalt
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 203
+
|'''9'''
−
|40
+
|Chornomorske Yarylhach  Heliport
−
|41 45 12.22 N
+
|70
−
|46 21 19.04 E
+
|45⁰ 30’ 07”  N
−
|8670
+
|32⁰ 42’ 09” E
−
|UNK
+
|NA
−
|UNK
+
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''10'''
 +
|Chuhuiv
 +
 
 +
Chuhuiv Air Base (Military)
 +
|46
 +
|49⁰ 50’ 17”  N
 +
|36⁰ 38’ 28” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Paved
 +
|-
 +
|'''11'''
 +
|Dnipropetrovsk Dnipropetrovsk International
 +
|481
 +
|48⁰ 21’ 26”  N
 +
|35⁰ 06’ 02” E
 +
|9,320
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''12'''
 +
|Donetsk
 +
 
 +
Donetsk  International
 +
|781
 +
|48⁰ 04’ 30”  N
 +
|37⁰ 43’ 32” E
 +
|13,123
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''13'''
 +
|Drabiv
 +
 
 +
Drabiv Airport
 +
|397
 +
|49⁰ 57’ 10”  N
 +
|32⁰ 08’ 18” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''14'''
 +
|Dzhankoy Dzhankoy Airfield
 +
|70
 +
|45⁰ 41’ 55”  N
 +
|34⁰ 25’ 09” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''15'''
 +
|Henichesk Henichesk  Airport
 +
|52
 +
|46⁰ 10’ 00”  N
 +
|38⁰ 48’ 00” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''16'''
 +
|Ivano-Frankivsk
 +
 
 +
Ivano-Frankivsk International
 +
|919
 +
|48⁰ 53’ 03”  N
 +
|24⁰ 41’ 10” E
 +
|8,226
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''17'''
 +
|Izmayil
 +
 
 +
Izmayil International
 +
|100
 +
|45⁰ 23’ 44”  N
 +
|28⁰ 48’ 05” E
 +
|5,906
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''18'''
 +
|Kalyniv
 +
 
 +
Kalyniv  Airport (Sambir Air Base)
 +
|860
 +
|49⁰ 33’ 00”  N
 +
|23⁰ 20’ 06” E
 +
|7,300
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''19'''
 +
|Kamianets-Podilskyi  Kamianets-Podilskyi Airport
 +
|741
 +
|48⁰ 41’ 00”  N
 +
|26⁰ 35’ 00” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''20'''
 +
|Kaniv
 +
 
 +
Pekari Heliport
 +
|331
 +
|49⁰ 45’ 00”  n
 +
|31⁰ 28’ 00” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''21a'''
 +
|Kerch
 +
 
 +
Kerch Airport
 +
|171
 +
|45⁰ 22’ 21”  N
 +
|36⁰ 24’ 10” E
 +
|6,561
 +
|Soil
 +
|-
 +
|'''21b'''
 +
|Kerch
 +
 
 +
Kerch Airport
 +
|171
 +
|45⁰ 22’ 21”  N
 +
|36⁰ 24’ 05” E
 +
|5,420
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''22'''
 +
|Kharkiv
 +
 
 +
Osnova International
 +
|508
 +
|49⁰ 55’ 29”  N
 +
|36⁰ 17’ 24” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''23'''
 +
|Kharkiv
 +
 
 +
Kharkiv North Airport
 +
|600
 +
|50⁰ 01’ 30”  N
 +
|36⁰ 16’ 00” E
 +
|5,919
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''24'''
 +
|Kherson
 +
 
 +
Kherson  International
 +
|148
 +
|46⁰ 40’ 33”  N
 +
|32⁰ 30’ 23” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''25'''
 +
|Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi International
 +
|1,152
 +
|49⁰ 21’ 36”  N
 +
|26⁰ 56’ 00” E
 +
|7,219
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''26a'''
 +
|Kirovohrad Kirovohrad  Airfield
 +
|407
 +
|48⁰ 32’ 34”  N
 +
|32⁰ 17’ 06” E
 +
|5,046
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''26b'''
 +
|Kirovohrad Kirovohrad Airfield
 +
|407
 +
|48⁰ 32’ 34”  N
 +
|32⁰ 17’ 06” E
 +
|5,046
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|'''27'''
 +
|Konotop
 +
 
 +
Konotop Air Base (Military)
 +
|476
 +
|51⁰ 15’ 00”  N
 +
|33⁰ 09’ 00” E
 +
|6,562
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''28'''
 +
|Kramatorsk Kramatorsk  Airport
 +
|630
 +
|48⁰ 42’ 20”  N
 +
|37⁰ 37’ 44” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''29'''
 +
|Kremenchuk
 +
 
 +
Kremenchuk  Airport (Velyka Kokhnivka)
 +
|260
 +
|49⁰ 08’ 03”  N
 +
|33⁰ 28’ 35” E
 +
|5,249
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''30'''
 +
|Kryvyy Rih
 +
 
 +
Kryvyy Rih International
 +
|408
 +
|48⁰ 02’ 35”  N
 +
|33⁰ 12’ 36” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''31a'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Boryspil International
 +
|427
 +
|50⁰ 20’ 41”  N
 +
|30⁰ 53’ 41” E
 +
|13,123
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''31b'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Boryspil International
 +
|427
 +
|50⁰ 20’ 41”  N
 +
|30⁰ 53’ 36” E
 +
|11,483
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''32'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Zhuliany  International
 +
|587
 +
|50⁰ 24’ 06”  N
 +
|30⁰ 26’ 59” E
 +
|7,579
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''33'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Gostomel  Airport (Antonov-2) (Cargo)
 +
|517
 +
|50⁰ 36’ 13”  N
 +
|30⁰ 11’ 31” E
 +
|11,483
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''34'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Vasylkiv Air Base (Military)
 +
|673
 +
|50⁰ 14’ 47”  N
 +
|30⁰ 18’ 65” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''35'''
 +
|Kyiv Sviatoshyn
 +
|571
 +
|50⁰ 28’ 42”  N
 +
|30⁰ 23’ 06” E
 +
|5,905
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''36'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Chaika Airfield (Sports Only)
 +
|600
 +
|50⁰ 25’ 48”  N
 +
|30⁰ 17’ 48” E
 +
|3,937
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''37'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Kyiv Airfield (Buzova) (Sports Only)
 +
|594
 +
|50⁰ 23’ 55”  N
 +
|30⁰ 03’ 34” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''38'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Kyiv Airfield (Antonov-1)
 +
|575
 +
|50⁰ 29’ 12”  N
 +
|30⁰ 22’ 61” E
 +
|5,906
 +
|Paved
 +
|-
 +
|'''39'''
 +
|Kyiv
 +
 
 +
Dnipro-1  Heliport
 +
|587
 +
|50⁰ 27’ 00”  N
 +
|30⁰ 31’ 24” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''40a'''
 +
|Luhansk
 +
 
 +
Luhansk International
 +
|636
 +
|48⁰ 25’ 03”  N
 +
|39⁰ 22’ 26” E
 +
|9,450
 +
|Asphalt Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''40b'''
 +
|Luhansk
 +
 
 +
Luhansk International
 +
|636
 +
|48⁰ 25’ 48”  N
 +
|39⁰ 22’ 26” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Soil
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 204-1
+
|'''41'''
−
|10
+
|Lutsk
−
|40 28 03.00 N
+
 
−
|50 02 48.00 E
+
Lutsk  Airport
−
|8858
+
|761
−
|197
+
|50⁰ 40’ 39”  N
 +
|25⁰ 29’ 19” E
 +
|5,446
 
|Asphalt
 
|Asphalt
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 204-2
+
|'''42'''
−
|10
+
|Lviv
−
|40 28 03.00 N
+
 
−
|50 02 48.00 E
+
Danylo Halytskyi International
−
|10499
+
|1,071
−
|149
+
|49⁰ 48’ 45”  N
 +
|23⁰ 57’ 22” E
 +
|10,843
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''43'''
 +
|Lviv
 +
 
 +
Horodok Air Base (Military)
 +
|896
 +
|49⁰ 44’ 18”  N
 +
|23⁰ 40’ 06” E
 +
|8,202
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 205
+
|'''44'''
−
|1099
+
|Lviv
−
|40 53 15.44 N
+
 
−
|45 57 25.25 E
+
Lviv Stryi Airport (Stryi Air Base)
−
|8182
+
|879
−
|135
+
|49⁰ 14’ 36”  N
 +
|23⁰ 47’ 12” E
 +
|9,842
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 206
+
|'''45'''
−
|1083
+
|Lymanske
−
|40 44 06.00 N
+
 
−
|46 19 06.00 E
+
Lymanske  International
 +
|158
 +
|46⁰ 40’ 08”  N
 +
|30⁰ 00’ 40” E
 +
|8,212
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''46a'''
 +
|Mariupol
 +
 
 +
Mariupol International (Zhdanov)
 +
|251
 +
|47⁰ 04’ 21”  N
 +
|37⁰ 27’ 23” E
 +
|8,431
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''46b'''
 +
|Mariupol
 +
 
 +
Mariupol International (Zhdanov)
 +
|251
 +
|47⁰ 04’ 21”  N
 +
|37⁰ 27’ 23” E
 +
|4,593
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''46c'''
 +
|Mariupol
 +
 
 +
Mariupol  International (Zhdanov)
 +
|251
 +
|47⁰ 04’ 21”  N
 +
|37⁰ 27’ 23” E
 +
|4,593
 +
|Grass
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|'''47'''
 +
|Melitopol Melitopol  Airport
 +
|112
 +
|46⁰ 50’ 00”  N
 +
|35⁰ 22’ 00” E
 +
|7,920
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''48a'''
 +
|Mykolayiv
 +
 
 +
Mykolayiv International
 +
|56
 +
|47⁰ 03’ 28”  N
 +
|31⁰ 55’ 11” E
 +
|8,438
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''48b'''
 +
|Mykolayiv
 +
 
 +
Mykolayiv  International
 +
|56
 +
|47⁰ 03’ 29”  N
 +
|31⁰ 55’ 15” E
 +
|5,906
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''49'''
 +
|Myrhorod Myrhorod Air Base
 +
|390
 +
|49⁰ 55’ 54”  N
 +
|33⁰ 38’ 22” E
 
|8202
 
|8202
−
|144
 
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 207
+
|'''50'''
−
|30
+
|Nizhyn
−
|38 44 46.70 N
+
 
−
|48 49 04.61 E
+
Nizhyn Airport (Nizhyn Air Base)
−
|5172
+
|440
−
|148
+
|51⁰ 06’ 00”  N
 +
|31⁰ 52’ 00” E
 +
|9,842
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''51'''
 +
|Novi Petrivtski Sopka-1  Heliport
 +
|538
 +
|50⁰ 37’ 23”  N
 +
|30⁰ 26’ 47” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''52a'''
 +
|Odesa
 +
 
 +
Odesa  International
 +
|172
 +
|46⁰ 25’ 37”  N
 +
|30⁰ 40’ 35” E
 +
|9,186
 +
|Asphalt Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''52b'''
 +
|Odesa
 +
 
 +
Odesa  International
 +
|172
 +
|46⁰ 25’ 37”  N
 +
|30⁰ 40’ 35” E
 +
|1,814
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''53'''
 +
|Pidhorodne Pidhorodne  Airport
 +
|184
 +
|48⁰ 34’ 30”  N
 +
|35⁰ 06’ 08” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''54'''
 +
|Poltava
 +
 
 +
Poltava  Airport (Poltava West)
 +
|486
 +
|49⁰ 34’ 07”  N
 +
|34⁰ 23’ 50” E
 +
|8,530
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''55a'''
 +
|Poltava
 +
 
 +
Poltava Air Base (Military)
 +
|509
 +
|49⁰ 37’ 37”  N
 +
|34⁰ 29’ 11” E
 +
|8,250
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''55b'''
 +
|Poltava
 +
 
 +
Poltava Air Base (Military)
 +
|509
 +
|49⁰ 37’ 37”  N
 +
|34⁰ 29’ 11” E
 +
|8,250
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''56a'''
 +
|Rivne
 +
 
 +
Rivne International
 +
|754
 +
|50⁰ 36’ 26”  N
 +
|26⁰ 08’ 30” E
 +
|8,615
 +
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''56b'''
 +
|Rivne
 +
 
 +
Rivne  International
 +
|754
 +
|50⁰ 36’ 26”  N
 +
|26⁰ 08’ 30” E
 +
|2,150
 
|Asphalt
 
|Asphalt
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 208
+
|'''57'''
−
|UNK
+
|Saky
−
|40 07 46.00 N
+
 
−
|49 27 16.00 E
+
Saky Airport (Novofedorivka)
−
|7619
+
|52
−
|UNK
+
|45⁰ 08’ 01”  N
−
|PEM
+
|33⁰ 35’ 56” E
 +
|8,702
 +
|NA
 +
|-
 +
|'''58'''
 +
|Semenivka Semenivka  Airport
 +
|646
 +
|52⁰ 10’ 30”  N
 +
|32⁰ 34’ 40” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 209
+
|'''59'''
−
|UNK
+
|Sevastopol
−
|40 02 12.00 N
+
 
−
|48 54 26.00 E
+
Sevastopol  International (Belbek)
−
|6559
+
|220
−
|UNK
+
|44⁰ 41’ 29”  N
 +
|33⁰ 34’ 31” E
 +
|9,865
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 210
+
|'''60'''
−
|2001
+
|Sievierodonetsk Sievierodonetsk  Airport
−
|39 54 03.62 N
+
|220
−
|46 47 11.65 E
+
|48⁰ 54’ 03”  N
−
|7304
+
|38⁰ 32’ 34” E
−
|120
+
|4,675
−
|Asphalt
+
|Paved
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 211
+
|'''61'''
−
| -1
+
|Simferopol
−
|40 35 29.69 N
+
 
−
|49 33 26.78 E
+
Simferopol International
−
|8218
+
|639
−
|132
+
|45⁰ 03’ 07”  N
 +
|33⁰ 58’ 31” E
 +
|12,142
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 212
+
|'''62a'''
−
|UNK
+
|Simferopol Zavodske  Airfield
−
|40 48 30.00 N
+
|291
−
|49 25 55.00 E
+
|44⁰ 55’ 08”  N
−
|8199
+
|34⁰ 03’ 40” E
−
|UNK
+
|5,906
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''62b'''
 +
|Simferopol Zavodske Airfield
 +
|291
 +
|44⁰ 55’ 08”  N
 +
|34⁰ 03’ 40” E
 +
|3,937
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''62c'''
 +
|Simferopol Zavodske  Airfield
 +
|291
 +
|44⁰ 55’ 08”  N
 +
|34⁰ 03’ 40” E
 +
|3,937
 +
|Grass
 +
|-
 +
|'''63'''
 +
|Starokostiantyniv  Starokostiantyniv Air Base
 +
|873
 +
|49⁰ 44’ 07”  N
 +
|27⁰ 16’ 02” E
 +
|8,120
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 213
+
|'''64'''
−
| -3
+
|Sumy
−
|40 16 24.92 N
+
 
−
|48 09 48.84 E
+
Sumy Airport
−
|8200
+
|594
−
|130
+
|50⁰ 51’ 30”  N
 +
|34⁰ 45’ 45” E
 +
|8,202
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|'''65a'''
 +
|Ternopil
 +
 
 +
Ternopil International
 +
|1,073
 +
|49⁰ 31’ 27”  N
 +
|25⁰ 42’ 00” E
 +
|7,546
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 214
+
|'''65b'''
−
|UNK
+
|Ternopil
−
|40 44 36.00 N
+
 
−
|46 51 26.00 E
+
Ternopil International
−
|7539
+
|1,073
−
|UNK
+
|49⁰ 31’ 27”  N
 +
|25⁰ 42’ 00” E
 +
|2,461
 
|Asphalt
 
|Asphalt
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 215
+
|'''66'''
−
|UNK
+
|Tsuniv
−
|40 37 57.00 N
+
 
−
|47 08 28.00 E
+
Tsuniv Airport
−
|UNK
+
|981
−
|UNK
+
|49⁰ 49’ 41”  N
−
|UNK
+
|23⁰ 41’ 19” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 216
+
|'''67'''
−
|15
+
|Uzhhorod
−
|42 06 38.24 N
+
 
−
|49 43 45.84 E
+
Uzhhorod International
−
|10055
+
|383
−
|150
+
|48⁰ 38’ 03”  N
 +
|22⁰ 15’ 48” E
 +
|6,686
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''68'''
 +
|Uzin
 +
 
 +
Chepelivka Airport
 +
|571
 +
|49⁰ 47’ 24”  N
 +
|30⁰ 26’ 27” E
 +
|11,483
 +
|Paved
 +
|-
 +
|'''69'''
 +
|Vinnytsia
 +
 
 +
Vinnytsia Airport (Havryshivka)
 +
|899
 +
|49⁰ 14’ 32”  N
 +
|28⁰ 36’ 51” E
 +
|8,202
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 217-1
+
|'''70'''
−
| -5
+
|Yevpatoria
−
|39 22 05.80 N
+
 
−
|49 16 00.53
+
Yevpatoria  Airport (Military)
−
|8001
+
|33
−
|200
+
|45⁰ 13’ 32”  N
 +
|33⁰ 22’ 36” E
 +
|6,600
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 217-2
+
|'''71a'''
−
| -5
+
|Zaporizhzhya Mokraya International
−
|39 22 05.80 N
+
|373
−
|49 16 00.53
+
|47⁰ 52’ 01”  N
−
|8002
+
|35⁰ 18’ 56” E
−
|200
+
|8,210
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 217-3
+
|'''71b'''
−
| -5
+
|Zaporizhzhya Mokraya International
−
|39 22 05.80 N
+
|373
−
|49 16 00.53
+
|47⁰ 52’ 01”  N
−
|7137
+
|35⁰ 18’ 56” E
−
|200
+
|6,889
 +
|Soil
 +
|-
 +
|'''72'''
 +
|Zhytomyr Ozerne Airfield
 +
|761
 +
|50⁰ 09’ 32”  N
 +
|28⁰ 44’ 18” E
 +
|10,010
 
|Concrete
 
|Concrete
 +
|-
 +
|'''73'''
 +
|Zhytomyr Zhytomyr Airport
 +
|723
 +
|50⁰ 16’ 14”  N
 +
|28⁰ 44’ 19” E
 +
|4,921
 +
|Asphalt
 +
|-
 +
|'''74'''
 +
|Yalta
 +
 +
Yalta Heliport
 +
|130
 +
|44⁰ 29’ 58”  N
 +
|34⁰ 10’ 12” E
 +
|NA
 +
|NA
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
====Airports/Airlines====
 
====Airports/Airlines====
−
Atropia Airlines serves the country as its national airline carrier. Atropia Airlines flies internationally to 19 different cities in 14 European and Asian countries. International destinations include Belarus (Minsk), China (Urumqi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region), England (London), France (Paris), Gorgas (Tbilisi), Ariana (Tehran), Israel (Tel-Aviv), Italy (Milan), Kazakhstan (Aktau), Donovia (Astrakhan, Rostov, and Moscow), Syria (Aleppo), Kalaria (Ankara, Antalya, Istanbul, and Trabzon), United Arab Emirates (Dubai), and Ukraine (Kiev). Two international airports operate in Atropia at Baku and Ganja. Atropia possesses enough airports with sufficient runways to support most military operations in the area.
+
Airports service all six of Pirtuni’s major cities as well as some of the smaller cities. The national carrier, Pirtuni International Airlines, has been in operation for over 45 years. It transports both people and cargo nationally and internationally.
 +
 
 +
Other commercial airlines in Pirtuni include Air Irga, PM Airlines, and Azur Pirtuni. A number of charter and cargo airlines also operate within Pirtuni. Many international carriers fly into Pirtuni, with most the majority of flights landing at Kyiv International Airport.
  
 
===Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems===
 
===Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems===
−
The five Caucasus countries share a diverse maritime culture. Ariana has a significant coastline and a large oceangoing fleet to export its oil. Atropia maintains ports on the Caspian Sea. Gorgas has ports on the Black Sea that connect to the Mediterranean Sea and eventually the Atlantic Ocean. Limaria is completely landlocked, with no direct access to any ocean or sea. Due to its location, Donovia has several seaports on the Black and Caspian Seas.
+
Pirtuni operates six major seaports, almost all of which lie on the Black Sea. These are Feodosiya, Chornomorske, Mariupol, Mykolayiv, Odesa, and Yuzhnyy. In addition, Pirtuni possesses 1,039 miles of navigable waterways, most on the Dnieper River.
  
−
The Baku International Sea Port (BISP) serves as the largest and most important port on the Caspian Sea. Between April and November each year, ships can load and unload their cargo at the BISP from any destination in the world by the use of Donovian waterways, as they are ice-free in those months. The BISP contains terminals for cargo, oil, passengers, and ferries. It can handle up to 15 million tons of liquid products and 10 million tons of dry products annually. A fleet of 20 ships composed of tugs, skimmers, pilot boats, fireboats, and crane ships provide support to the BISP. Atropia ranks 52nd in the world’s merchant marine fleet rankings. The Atropian fleet includes 26 cargo ships, 2 passenger, 9 passenger/cargo, 46 petroleum, 3 specialized tankers, and 3 Roll On-Roll Off (RO-RO) ships.
+
The Pirtunian Merchant Marine Fleet consists of 134 ships with another 172 ships registered in other countries. The primary ships operated by the Merchant Marine include:
  
−
The BISP main cargo terminal can simultaneously accommodate six ships of 2,841 feet in length  that reach an underwater depth at the pier of 22 feet. The quays include one pier available for RO- RO ships. Sixteen cranes can offload cargo that weighs from 5-40 tons, and available forklifts can lift anything from 10-105 tons. Stevedores can simultaneously offload three ships daily and transfer the cargo to up to 100 semi-trucks and 150 railroad cars through the use of four diesel locomotives. Shippers can use 258,334 square feet of open storage space and 107,639 square feet of warehouse space for temporary storage. The main cargo terminal can currently handle up to 15,000 40-foot equivalent units (FEUs) annually, with up to 17,222 square feet of temporary storage space for shippers. FEU forklifts can handle any weight up to 42 tons, and the area links directly to the main railway line.
+
·        Bulk Carrier: 3
  
−
The BISP oil terminal can simultaneously handle up to four oil tankers that can carry 5,000 to 13,000 tons of oil at a time at two piers, with the ability to process up to 15 million tons per year. Atropia also operates another oil harbor 25 miles from Baku on the Tramaz Peninsula. This terminal can berth eight tankers simultaneously, with four quays that accommodate two tankers each.
+
·        Cargo: 98
  
−
The Baku ferry and passenger terminals provide service for the local transfer of cargo and people around the Caspian Sea area between the ports at Baku, Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan), Aktau (Khazakstan), and several Arianian ports. The ferry terminal possesses the capacity to move eight million tons of cargo annually, and on each trip the ferry can accommodate 40 semi-trailers (28 wagons), 50 cars, and 202 passengers.
+
·        Chemical Tanker: 1
  
−
Smaller boats can navigate the last 310 miles of the Kura River within Atropia before the Kura River reaches the Caspian Sea. Another eight large non-navigable rivers originate in the Caucasus Mountains and drain Atropia’s central lowlands basin.
+
·        Passenger: 6
  
−
Winter freezes waterways into the Caspian Sea from the north and restricts the use of the BISP for military operations in the months from November through April. In the open months, ships must receive safe passage through Donovia to use the northern waterways by which small ships can navigate all the way to the North Sea. If the Caspian Sea route remains available for military use, the BISP possesses enough piers, equipment, and storage space to conduct military operations. The Atropian seaports, however, remain open year-round for intra-Caspian Sea transportation of goods and personnel.
+
·        Passenger/Cargo: 5
−
[[File:Atropia’s Major Pipelines and Hydrocarbon Fields (not all shown).png|thumb|Atropia’s Major Pipelines and Hydrocarbon Fields]]
+
 
 +
·        Petroleum Tanker: 8
 +
 
 +
·        Refrigerated Cargo: 11
 +
 
 +
·        Specialized Tanker: 2
 +
[[File:Pirtunias rails.png|thumb|Pirtuni's Major Railroads and Ports]]
 +
[[File:Pirtunian fields.png|thumb|Pirtunia's Major Petroleum Pipelines and Fields
 +
]]
  
 
===Pipelines===
 
===Pipelines===
−
The security of hydrocarbon pipelines will be paramount in any military operations in the Caucasus region. Any disruption to the flow of crude oil and natural gas to the Western world could cause economic problems, as many modern countries rely on hydrocarbons to fuel their industries.
+
There are 34,547 miles of pipelines in Pirtuni. These are broken down by the following commodities:
  
−
Atropia operates three major oil pipelines and one natural gas pipeline within the country. Any disruption to the flow of oil from the Caspian Sea fields will affect Western Europe and many American allies. British Petroleum operates the Trans-Caucasus petroleum (TC-P) pipeline that moves oil from the Caspian Sea fields to tankers in the Mediterranean Sea. The pipeline stretches 1,110 miles from Baku through Gorgas, and eventually reaches the Mediterranean Sea. While not the shortest or quickest route from Baku, the chosen route avoids the turmoil and possible interruptions due to potential conflicts in Limaria, and does not allow Donovia to control the world’s access to the Caspian Sea’s hydrocarbon resources. The pipeline also provides another outlet for the oil-rich Middle East besides tankers that must travel through the Persian Gulf chokepoint at the Strait of Hormuz.
+
·        Gas: 22,817 miles
−
The older North Caucasus petroleum (NC-P) pipeline runs about 830 miles from Baku to Novorossiysk, Donovia, and last year moved approximately 29,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) to Donovia’s Black Sea port. Over the last decade, this pipeline increased its throughput from 12,000 bbl/d but, because of the TC-P pipeline, continues to operate at only one-third capacity.
 
  
−
The third major pipeline is the Caspian & Black Seas petroleum (CBS-P) pipeline, which also begins at Baku and runs over 516 miles to the Black Sea port at Supsa, Gorgas. Atropia closed this pipeline five years ago for repairs, and the Donovia-Gorgas conflict two years later delayed its reopening by three months. Three years ago, it averaged only 13,000 bbl/d. However, as of last year, an average of 55,000 bbl/d passed through its pipes.
+
·        Oil: 9,019 miles
  
−
The natural gas pipeline in Atropia and Gorgas is the Trans-Caucasus natural gas (TC-G) pipeline, which follows the same paths as the TC-P pipeline.
+
·        Refined products: 2,711 miles
−
Four new pipelines are under construction in Atropia, all built to avoid crossing Donovia and its ever-increasing “transit fees.” European consortiums are building two of these to access the fields in Central Asia. These new oil and gas pipelines will originate in Central Asia, cross the Caspian Sea, and then follow the TC-P and TC-G pipelines through Atropia, Gorgas, and Kalaria en route to European markets. Referred to as the Trans-Caucasus 2 petroleum (TC2-P) and natural gas (TC2-G) pipelines, they will double the capacity of the current pipelines. Two more pipelines, known as the Northeast Atropian petroleum (NEA-P) and natural gas (NEA-G) pipelines, are to carry hydrocarbons from newly-discovered fields in northeast Atropia. These will eventually span from the hydrocarbon boom town of Rimzi on the Caspian Sea to the TC-P and TC-G pipelines.
 
  
 
===Telecommunications Architecture===
 
===Telecommunications Architecture===
−
For the most part, Caucasus-region residents use cellular telephones to communicate with each other due to the lack of landline telephone infrastructure. Many residents never owned any type of telephone until they received their first cellular phone. Most can access news from either television or radio, but some rural residents have no information access via modern methods.  
+
There are 10.46 million landlines telephones in Pirtuni and 61.2 million cellular phones. This breaks down to 23 landlines for every 100 inhabitants and 125 cellular phones for every 100 people. The latter is one- quarter higher than the 100 cellular phones for every 100 people found in the US. About one-third of Pirtuni’s telephone networks are digital and most regional centers use digital switching stations.  
  
−
In Atropia, most citizens can access a telephone and listen to a television or radio broadcast, but Internet access remains quite limited. Despite the rapid growth of the Atropian telecommunications infrastructure over the last decade, much of the equipment needs replacement or modernization. The Atropian telephone system remains generally inadequate, with only 18 main telephone lines per 100 citizens. The Atropian government owns and operates a telecommunications monopoly within the country. Many Atropian cable and microwave systems are over 30 years old and now show signs of their age. Atropians operate 1.5 million landlines and 6.4 million cellular telephones. Ten FM, 11 AM, and one shortwave radio station function within Atropia, and there are 10 television stations in operation. Atropia connects internationally through the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link. A total of 1,274,610 Atropians use the Internet regularly, but 1.45 million Atropians, or 17% of the population, can access the Internet. The military will be able to communicate with the vast majority of Atropia’s populace as they can receive information from the radio, TV, or the Internet.
+
While cellular telephone service has reached a saturation of over one phone per person in Pirtuni, Internet access lags behind. There are only 2,173 Internet hosts in the country and around 23.8 million regular Internet users or about 53% of the population. However, an additional 20% of the populace accesses the Internet at least occasionally.
  
 +
There are a large number of media outlets available in Pirtuni. There are 524 radio broadcast stations and 642 television broadcast stations. The electronic media outlets are a combination of government-owned and independent stations
 
===Agriculture===
 
===Agriculture===
−
Agriculture production still dominates the labor forces of Gorgas (55.6%) and Limaria (46.2%), but not Ariana (25%), Atropia (38.3%), or Donovia (20%). Even in the Caucasus region’s predominately agricultural countries, farming creates less than one-fourth of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Except for Atropia, the region relies on food imports to feed its people. Any food import disruption may increase the military’s burden to feed civilians and prevent starvation.
+
Only 7% of the Pirtunian populace works in agriculture or agricultural-related industries. The primary products produce on farms in Pirtuni include beef, corn, grains, milk, fruits, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, tobacco, and vegetables.
 +
 
 +
===Industry===
 +
About 23% of adult Pirtunian residents work in industrial jobs. The primary manufacturing-related jobs include coal mining, electrical power production, ferrous and non-ferrous metal mining, machinery and transportation equipment assembly, chemical production, and food processing.
 +
 
 +
====Oil====
 +
While Pirtuni produces 43,000 barrels (bbl) per day of crude oil and exports 1,500 bbl/day, the country imports 35,000 bbl/day. Pirtuni possesses 415 million barrels of proved crude oil reserves and produces 121,000 bbl/day of refined petroleum products, while consuming 257,000 bbl/day of the latter. It imports 178,000 bbl/day of refined petroleum products, but at the same time exports 36,000 bbl/day.
 +
 
 +
====Gas====
 +
Pirtuni possesses proven reserves of 41 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Pirtuni produces 753 billion cubic feet of natural gas each year, ranking #30 in the world, but it consumes 1.68 trillion cubic feet annually. Pirtuni does not export any natural gas, but must import 927 billion cubic feet annually to compensate for its high usage.
 +
 
 +
'''DEFENSE INDUSTRIES'''
 +
 
 +
There is a major military industrial complex in Pirtuni, especially around Kharkiv, that produces military weapons and equipment for export.
  
−
Nearly 40% of all Atropians engage in agricultural pursuits, but it creates less than 6% of the country’s GDP. Almost all Atropian farmers (99.98%) work on small private farms that average approximately five acres. Atropians cultivate approximately 23% of their land, but they irrigate 74% of the land they farm. Almost 25,000 miles of canals and water pipelines satisfy the needed water requirements.
+
'''NUCLEAR'''
  
−
Five crops constitute 80% of all Atropian agricultural production: grapes, cotton, tobacco, citrus fruits, and vegetables. The first three represent over 50% of annual crops while the latter two make up the remainder. The Atropian climate, however, remains diverse enough to produce peaches, almonds, and rice. Other major Atropian crops include apples, olives, persimmons, raspberries, strawberries, currants, plums, pears, pomegranates, tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, beets, cabbage, cucumbers, onions, wheat, maize, and barley.
+
There are five nuclear power plants in Pirtuni that generate a total of 17,819 megawatts (MW) of electricity per year, or over 25% of all electricity generated in the country. Currently, Pirtuni holds no known nuclear weapons but does possess the technology to produce them and the missile technology to launch them. The nuclear power plant at Enerhodar is the largest in all of Europe. The power plants and their capacity (in MW) are shown below:
  
−
===Industry===
+
·        Chernobyl: 4,000
−
Because of their hydrocarbon resources, Ariana, Atropia, and Donovia are more industrialized than Gorgas and Limaria. Industry GDP ranges from a low of 27.1% in Gorgas to a high of 61.4% in Atropia. The protection of the Atropian hydrocarbon infrastructure remains paramount for any military operations in the area, and the military should refrain from unnecessary damage to the industrial sector to facilitate economic recovery after the end of hostilities. The Atropian government spends most of its revenue to ensure the modernization of its hydrocarbon resources while it neglects maintenance of much of the rest of its infrastructure. Atropia produces a large amount of toxic industrial chemicals for multiple purposes, including hydrocarbon production activities, water purification, wastewater management, and fertilizer to increase agricultural output.
+
 
 +
·        Netishyn: 2,000
  
−
====Oil====
+
·        Kuznetsovsk: 2,819
−
Since the 1870's, Atropia’s oil industry has served as the engine that runs the country’s economy and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The irony remains, however, that the oil industry is still largely responsible for Atropia’s previous pollution problems and practices left over from the pre-1991 era, and continues to generate additional pollution problems today.
 
  
−
During the past 14 years, Atropia quadrupled its oil production to rise from the world’s 35th largest crude oil producer to the 23rd largest. Very recently discovered oil reserves in northeast Atropia will continue to make the country an even more important player in the world marketplace. The Atropian National Oil Company (ANOC) operates two national refineries, manages the pipeline system, and handles all oil export and import duties.
+
'''SPACE'''
  
−
Atropia’s abundant but hard-to-reach oil reserves attract foreign investors because of the world’s dependency on fossil fuels and China’s increased energy demands. thirteen years ago, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) provided $5 million to set up a $40 million revolving loan base to finance the rehabilitation of old onshore Atropian oil fields. These funds initiated tertiary extraction methods to recover additional oil from 720 wells in the Mugan 1 field and 190 wells in the Mugan 2 field. Both sites are located approximately 50 miles southwest of Baku in desert or semi- desert climates. The loans also provided funds to improve current oil/water separation equipment and storage tanks; drill additional wells; and establish a remediation program to clean up abandoned oil infrastructure such as pipelines, tanks, and reserve pits on both oil fields.
+
·        Yuzhnoukrainsk: 3,000
  
−
====Gas====
+
·        Enerhodar: 6,000
−
Five years ago, because of the Pasha Sarak natural gas field’s production levels, Atropia changed from a net natural gas importer to a natural gas exporter. The EBRD led a bank syndicate that provided $110 million to complete the first stage of a $277.7 million project to tap the Pasha Sarak natural gas fields. Atropia produced five billion cubic meters of natural gas seven years ago but last year increased its production to over 16 billion cubic meters—an increase of 323%. Production continues at the latest level cited above. Beginning seven years ago, Atropia has climbed steadily from 47th in the world to their current position as the 32nd largest natural gas producer in the world.
 
  
−
Due to Atropia’s large reserves of 849 billion cubic feet (current estimate), other countries such as Donovia want to gain additional access to the Caspian Sea area’s natural gas fields. Additional gas fields discovered in hydrocarbon-rich northeast Atropia will only extend the length of time that the country can continue to export natural gas to the Western world. Increased energy requirements expected in the future will make other foreign countries’ access to Atropia’s natural gas even more important. About two years ago, Atropia began the daily shipment of 1.5 million cubic meters of natural gas to Donovia. This initiated fulfillment of a previous contract signed by the two countries for Atropia to provide 500 million cubic meters of natural gas annually to Donovia. Later, the two countries agreed to double the amount to 1 billion cubic meters of natural gas annually.
+
The State Space Agency of Pirtuni (SSAP) is the government agency responsible for Pirtuni’s space programs and space policy. The SSAP is a major player in the Pirtunian national defense industry. Pirtuni launches its satellites from a launch center in a South American country and from the multinational Sea Launch Commander, a ship based in a Pacific Ocean port. The ship moves out into the Pacific Ocean for launches in order to take maximum advantage of the optimum position on the Earth’s surface. The SSAP operates a ground-tracking station in Kyiv and a control center in Dunaivtsi. The SSAP has conducted 97 space launches from the earth or from the Sea Launch Commander. These launches place satellites in orbit for observation, meteorology, and mapmaking purposes.
  
−
===Pollution===
+
Pirtuni does not currently or plan in the near future to participate in any manned astronautical programs. In 1997, two different Pirtunians flew into space through the Donovian and American space programs. The first Pirtunian to fly into space was early in the year with Donovia and the last was on an American Space Shuttle Mission late in the same year.
−
All five Caucasus-region countries face significant pollution problems stemming from poor industrial practices. The governments cared more about natural resource extraction and industrial production than the stewardship of the planet. This lack of concern for the environment occurred regardless of which government was in power. The region’s military operations will need to address pollution, with soldiers taking precautions due to high-level air pollution and units considering any local water source not potable until tested.
 
  
−
Atropia faces a wide variety of pollution issues to include factory air pollution, ground water contamination, inadequate waste management, and genetic mutation. Much of the pollution remains from the 1950s–1970s when leaders cared more about product creation in the oil and chemical fields than the protection of the environment. About five years ago, Scientific American named Sumgayit, Atropia, as one of the top 10 most polluted locations in the world. Despite increased awareness of pollution for two decades, many factories continue to operate inefficiently and in an environmentally unfriendly manner just as the factories did in the past. The pollution has caused Caspian Sea caviar and fish yields to decline and continues to cause birth defects in Atropian babies.
+
'''POLLUTION'''
  
 +
There are areas of Pirtuni that suffer from pollution, primarily around industrial areas. The pollution harms the atmosphere with contaminated smoke, as well as ground and water pollution from factory by- products. Pirtuni produces 320 million US tons of carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, ranking as the 24th worst offender nation in the world.
 
==Summary==
 
==Summary==
−
Due to Atropia’s rise to in ranking as a world hydrocarbon exporter, much wealth continues to flow into the country. The Atropian government continues to pump much of the increased revenues back into either the extraction of oil and gas in the Caspian Sea fields or the transportation of hydrocarbon products out of the country. Atropia should continue to increase its infrastructure for the next generation due to its hydrocarbon resources, but it may come at an expense to its environment due to increased pollution.
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Much of the construction in many of the larger Pirtuni cities has occurred within the last 100 years. Many of these cities do not exhibit the dense inner core of cities that have been around for a very long time. The transportation network—roads, railroads, and aviation—are all fairly modern and robust. While the major highways are not US interstate quality, those roads are ample enough to connect the country. Most visitors to the major Pirtunian cities will see little difference between them and other modern European cities. In pockets of the rural areas, life continues to go on as it has in the past—slower and agriculture- based. The one difference is that everyone owns a mobile phone, with a saturation rate of more than one phone for every man, woman, and child in Pirtuni.

Revision as of 16:32, 26 March 2018

This page is a section of Pirtuni.

The urban areas in Pirtuni are similar to the cities of Western Europe, with all the modern conveniences and infrastructure found in modern metropolitan areas. In some rural areas of the country, there is a lack of access to modern utilities—electricity, treated water, and plumbing. The vast majority of Pirtunians, however, live in urban areas with all the comforts found in most European homes. The Pirtunian

transportation network, whether it is the roads, railway lines, or the airports, is expansive and allow the people to move freely throughout the country. In short, foreign visitors from modern countries would find little difference between the infrastructure of Pirtuni’s major cities and their own home towns.

Construction Patterns

Block-Style Apartment Building

Almost all large Pirtunian cities contain four distinct neighborhood types based upon the time of their construction. The oldest parts of the cities usually contain dense random construction created as the city grew from a village to a metropolitan area. The second area consists of extra-large rectangular block apartment buildings in closed, orderly block construction built during the last 100 years. The third area is low-rise single family dwellings, some new and others not so new. Near industrial areas, there is usually low-income housing built to support blue-collar factory workers. Construction in most of the cities is a combination of newer Western-style architecture and old-fashioned building techniques modified with modern conveniences. The newer sections of a city will be more open that the older areas; this is especially true in the central areas and the close-in living areas adjacent to the city core. Shantytowns will most likely be in open spaces on the periphery of the cities.

Major Cities and Urban Zones

Atropia's Largest Cities

Approximately 69.7% of Pirtuni’s population resides in urban areas. Pirtuni possesses six metropolitan areas that contain over 750,000 residents. Only about 16% of the population, however, live in these six largest cities. Currently, there is a negative urbanization rate of under 1% annually.

KYIV

Kyiv is the capital city, located on both sides of the Dnieper River in north central Pirtuni, with a population of almost three million residents. Its history on the western or “right bank” of the river dates back to the fifth century when the city first became a trading center. The left bank, primarily residential areas, first developed in the 20th century. The city is a mix of old and new construction, with 70% of all buildings built between 1900 and 1920 still standing. There are ten districts in Kyiv, seven on the right bank and three on the left bank. The oldest part of the city center contains a mixture of closely-compacted ancient buildings along narrow streets, and modern multi-story high-rise buildings that form both the city’s inner core and the core periphery of its urban zones. The right bank contains both high-rise and low-rise residential areas, while the left bank contains primarily low-rise residential areas. The areas along the waterfront are home to Kyiv’s major industrial areas, with secondary commercial areas scattered throughout the city. Transportation system includes a subway (Metro), buses, mini-buses, trolleys, trams, taxis, and a funicular to connect the historic Uppertown with the lower commercial neighborhoods. Two passenger airports support Kyiv, as well as major intra-city and intercity railroad lines.

KHARKIV

The second-largest city in Pirtuni, Kharkiv, is located in the northeastern part of the country and contains a population of over 1.4 million residents, with another 300,000 living in the surrounding metropolitan area. Kharkiv boasts 60 scientific institutes, 30 universities, and a major tank manufacturing plant. Much of the city was built after 1945, and it contains nine administrative districts. Due to the majority of the buildings being less than 100 years old, the city does not contain the haphazard construction of closely- compacted buildings found in older European cities. Kharkiv does contain, however, the other types of urban zones: high-rise and low-rise residential areas, commercial districts, and manufacturing regions. Kharkhiv operates a subway (Metro) system and an international airport, and functions as a major railway hub. The railway is the major transportation mode that connects the city with the other suburbs in the greater metropolitan area.

ODESA

Odesa, with approximately one million residents, is the third-largest city in Pirtuni and a major seaport located on the Black Sea. The greater metropolitan area includes approximately 200,000 additional residents. Odesa is divided into four administrative districts and many of its buildings were constructed after 1945. Unlike Kyiv and Kharkiv, much of Odesa displays a Mediterranean style of classical architecture. The city contains six types of urban zones—urban core, core periphery, high-rise residential, low-rise residential, commercial, and manufacturing. Odesa has a large number of public parks and the port operations drive the local economy. While Odesa has a subway system, it is not a major means of transportation for residents. The locals prefer to use light rail, buses, trams, and ferries to move around the city. The railroad and the Odesa International Airport connect the city to the rest of Pirtuni and the world.

DNIPROPETROVSK

Dnipropetrovsk contains about one million inhabitants—the number is closer to 1.5 million for the entire metropolitan area—and constitutes the fourth-largest city in Pirtuni. Located in almost the dead-center of the country, Dnipropetrovsk sits astride the Dnieper River, about 250 miles southeast of Kyiv. The city is divided into eight districts and contains all seven types of urban zones: the urban core containing old buildings located on crowded streets; the core periphery, where people initially move to escape the inter- city; high-rise and low-rise residential areas; commercial areas in various parts of the city; manufacturing areas, located primarily along the waterfront; and designated military areas. The city’s economic activity over the last century has centered on military-related production that is driven by the large number of research and development firms located there. Local transportation methods include trams, buses, electric trolley buses, and marshrutkas. The latter are private mini-buses operated by local entrepreneurs. The railroad and international airport connect Dnipropetrovsk to anywhere one wants to travel.

DONETSK

Donetsk, with 934,000 residents and over twice that number in the metropolitan area, is the fifth-largest city in Pirtuni. Donetsk is located in the country’s eastern region, not far from Donovia. The city is relatively young, as it was founded in 1869 by a businessman who built a steel plant there to take advantage of the coal mines located in the region. The city is laid out in a Western style, more so than other Pirtunian cities. Donetsk is missing the urban core and core periphery zones found in most cities of a similar population. It does possess four other urban zones: high-rise residential, low-rise residential, commercial, and manufacturing. Most of the city’s manufacturing capacity is built around the heavy industry needed to sustain local mining operation. Trams, electric trolley buses, buses, and marshrutkas form the core of the Donetsk public transportation system. To travel outside the metropolitan area, there is a railway that services seven million passengers a year, a road system, and an international airport.

ZAPORIZHZHYA

Zaporizhzhya is the third of Pirtuni’s six major cities that grew up on the Dnieper River. Zaporizhzhya, with just over 750,000 residents, is Pirtuni’s sixth-largest city; it is located in the southeastern part of the country. Founded in 1770, the area became the new home for farmers driven from their ancestral lands to the west. Later, many of these same farmers fled to other countries to avoid military conscription. Prior to 1930, Zaporizhzhya was not much more than a village. A city master plan changed that when a hydroelectric power station was built on the Dnieper River and became the most powerful hydroelectric source in all of Europe once it became operational. The electricity produced by the dam gave rise to a large number of manufacturing firms over the next several decades. There is a large manufacturing zone in Zaporizhzhya, but very little remains of the city’s old urban core and core periphery zones. There are high-rise and low-rise residential areas scattered throughout the city, as well as several commercial areas.

POPULATION DENSITY

Kyiv: 8,550 people per square mile

Kharkiv: 12,000 people per square mile

Odesa: 11,000 people per square mile

Dnipropetrovsk: 6,350 people per square mile

Donetsk: 7,100 people per square mile

Zaporizhzhya: 6,100 people per square mile

Utilities Present

Compared to other countries in the region, Pirtuni possesses a high degree of access to modern utilities— electricity, water distribution, and sewage treatment. Most urban households can access modern utilities, but there may be pockets of rural Pirtuni where these services remain unavailable.

Power

Pirtuni is a net exporter of energy, primarily in the form of electricity. Each year, Pirtuni produces 187.1 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity and consumes 159.8 billion kWh. In addition, Pirtuni exports 89 million kWh of electricity per year. The difference between production and consumption/export is the loss of electricity due to poor infrastructure. Pirtuni operates with an installed generating capacity of 55.19 million kW, and produces electricity in a variety of ways:

·        Fossil fuels: 63.7%

·        Nuclear: 25.3%

·        Hydroelectric: 9.9%

·        Renewable sources: 1.1%

There are 16 fossil fuel plants that burn coal or natural gas to produce over 60% of Pirtuni’s electricity. Their locations and production capacity in megawatts are shown below:

·        Burshtyn: 2,400

·        Dobrotvir: 600

·        Dnipropetrovsk: 1,765

·        Enerhodar: 3,600

·        Komosomolske: 2,175

·        Kurakhove: 1,482

·        Ladyzhyn: 1,800

·        Mykolaivka: 800

·        Myronivskyi: 100

·        Novyi Svit: 1,725

·        Shchastia: 1,500

·        Svitlodarske: 3,600

·        Sievierodonetsk: 150

·        Ukrainka: 1,800

·        Zelendolsk: 3,000

·        Zuhres: 1,245

There are ten hydroelectric power plants in Pirtuni, most located along the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers. These plants and their capacities in megawatts are shown below:

·        Dniprodzerzhynsk: 352

·        Kakhovka: 351

·        Kaniv: 444

·        Kremenchuk: 625

·        Kyiv 1: 389

·        Kyiv 2: 235

·        Novodnistrovsk 1: 702

·        Novodnistrovsk 2: 2,268

·        Tashlyk: 302

·        Zaporizhzhya: 1500

See the nuclear section for information on nuclear power plants.

Water

Approximately 96.2% of Pirtuni’s population can access improved water sources. This ranges from 95.5% in the urban areas to 97.8% in the rural areas.

Sewage

Approximately 95.9% of all Pirtunian residents can access improved sanitation facilities. This ranges of 92.6% of the population in the rural areas to 97.4% in the urban areas. While rural residents can access clean water more easily than the urban population, the exact opposite is true for access to modern sewage treatment methods.

Transportation Architecture

Pirtuni’s residents can access a wide variety of transportation methods. These range from the standard— automobile, bus, or train—to other, rarer methods such as a marshrutka or a funicular in hilly cities. A marshrutka is a mini-bus operated by a civilian and is not a business concern. Individuals hire out their personal vehicles to transport people, but there are designated locations where people must congregate to hire the marshrutka driver.

Pirtuni's Major Roads

Road Systems

The vast majority of roads in Pirtuni are paved. There are 107,679 miles of roads in Pirtuni. About 97% or 105,443 miles of the roads are paved. There are few expressways, however, with only 11 miles total in the entire country.

Bus

Buses are a major mode of transportation for the people of Pirtuni, especially for intra-city movement. In most cities, buses run on regular schedules to allow passengers to travel to and from work, or to go shopping. Buses are also used for inter-city travel, normally in the local area, and usually operate out of selected designated bus stops.
Pirtuni's Major Railroads and Ports

Rail

Railways operate throughout Pirtuni and connect the cities together. There are both local and express trains. There are 13,474 miles of broad gauge track (5 feet) in the country, of which 5,748 miles operate by electricity. Many of the electrically-powered trains are light-rail systems in the larger cities. In addition, there are an additional 30 miles of standard gauge (4.7 feet) track in Pirtuni, all operated by electricity. (See map of railroads and ports in Ports section.)

Air Transportation Systems

There are approximately 108 paved and 79 unpaved runways throughout the country. The following chart indicates the details on most of the major runways.

Pirtuni’s Major Runways (Not All Shown)

Paved Runways

·        Over 10,000 feet: 13

·        8,000 to 10,000 feet: 42

·        5,000 to 8,000 feet: 22

·        3,000 to 5,000 feet: 3

·        Under 3,000 feet: 28

Unpaved Runways

·        Over 10,000 feet: 0

·        8,000 to 10,000 feet: 0

·        5,000 to 8,000 feet: 5

·        3,000 to 5,000 feet: 5

·        Under 3,000 feet: 69

Major Runways

Major Pirtunian Runways
Map # City Airport Elevation (Feet) Latitude (D, M, S) Longitude (D, M, S) Length (Feet) Surface Type
1 Baherove

Baherove Air Base (Military)

364 45⁰ 24’ 25” N 36⁰ 14’ 41” E 11,483 Concrete
2 Berdyansk Berdyansk Airport 171 46⁰ 48’ 53” N 36⁰ 45’ 29” E 8,202 Concrete
3 Bila Tserkva

Bila Tserkva Airfield (Military)

587 49⁰ 47’ 56” N 30⁰ 06’ 55” E 8,202 NA
4 Borodianka Borodianka Airport 472 50⁰ 39’ 57” N 29⁰ 56’ 00” E 4,593 Soft
5 Brody

Brody Airport

787 50⁰ 08’ 00” N 25⁰ 10’ 00” E 6,562 Concrete
6 Cherkasy

Cherkasy International

375 49⁰ 24’ 56” N 31⁰ 59’ 43” E 8,180 Asphalt Concrete
7a Chernihiv

Chernihiv Shestoviitsa Airport

446 51⁰ 24’ 08” N 31⁰ 09’ 30” E 7,218 Asphalt
7b Chernihiv

Chernihiv Shestoviitsa Airport

446 51⁰ 24’ 08” N 31⁰ 09’ 30” E 1,969 Asphalt
8 Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi International

797 48⁰ 15’ 32” N 25⁰ 58’ 52” E 7,270 Asphalt
9 Chornomorske Yarylhach Heliport 70 45⁰ 30’ 07” N 32⁰ 42’ 09” E NA NA
10 Chuhuiv

Chuhuiv Air Base (Military)

46 49⁰ 50’ 17” N 36⁰ 38’ 28” E 8,202 Paved
11 Dnipropetrovsk Dnipropetrovsk International 481 48⁰ 21’ 26” N 35⁰ 06’ 02” E 9,320 Concrete
12 Donetsk

Donetsk International

781 48⁰ 04’ 30” N 37⁰ 43’ 32” E 13,123 Concrete
13 Drabiv

Drabiv Airport

397 49⁰ 57’ 10” N 32⁰ 08’ 18” E NA NA
14 Dzhankoy Dzhankoy Airfield 70 45⁰ 41’ 55” N 34⁰ 25’ 09” E 8,202 Concrete
15 Henichesk Henichesk Airport 52 46⁰ 10’ 00” N 38⁰ 48’ 00” E NA NA
16 Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk International

919 48⁰ 53’ 03” N 24⁰ 41’ 10” E 8,226 Concrete
17 Izmayil

Izmayil International

100 45⁰ 23’ 44” N 28⁰ 48’ 05” E 5,906 Concrete
18 Kalyniv

Kalyniv Airport (Sambir Air Base)

860 49⁰ 33’ 00” N 23⁰ 20’ 06” E 7,300 Concrete
19 Kamianets-Podilskyi Kamianets-Podilskyi Airport 741 48⁰ 41’ 00” N 26⁰ 35’ 00” E NA NA
20 Kaniv

Pekari Heliport

331 49⁰ 45’ 00” n 31⁰ 28’ 00” E NA NA
21a Kerch

Kerch Airport

171 45⁰ 22’ 21” N 36⁰ 24’ 10” E 6,561 Soil
21b Kerch

Kerch Airport

171 45⁰ 22’ 21” N 36⁰ 24’ 05” E 5,420 Asphalt
22 Kharkiv

Osnova International

508 49⁰ 55’ 29” N 36⁰ 17’ 24” E 8,202 Concrete
23 Kharkiv

Kharkiv North Airport

600 50⁰ 01’ 30” N 36⁰ 16’ 00” E 5,919 Concrete
24 Kherson

Kherson International

148 46⁰ 40’ 33” N 32⁰ 30’ 23” E 8,202 Concrete
25 Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi International 1,152 49⁰ 21’ 36” N 26⁰ 56’ 00” E 7,219 Concrete
26a Kirovohrad Kirovohrad Airfield 407 48⁰ 32’ 34” N 32⁰ 17’ 06” E 5,046 Asphalt
26b Kirovohrad Kirovohrad Airfield 407 48⁰ 32’ 34” N 32⁰ 17’ 06” E 5,046 Asphalt
27 Konotop

Konotop Air Base (Military)

476 51⁰ 15’ 00” N 33⁰ 09’ 00” E 6,562 Concrete
28 Kramatorsk Kramatorsk Airport 630 48⁰ 42’ 20” N 37⁰ 37’ 44” E 8,202 NA
29 Kremenchuk

Kremenchuk Airport (Velyka Kokhnivka)

260 49⁰ 08’ 03” N 33⁰ 28’ 35” E 5,249 NA
30 Kryvyy Rih

Kryvyy Rih International

408 48⁰ 02’ 35” N 33⁰ 12’ 36” E 8,202 Concrete
31a Kyiv

Boryspil International

427 50⁰ 20’ 41” N 30⁰ 53’ 41” E 13,123 Concrete
31b Kyiv

Boryspil International

427 50⁰ 20’ 41” N 30⁰ 53’ 36” E 11,483 Concrete
32 Kyiv

Zhuliany International

587 50⁰ 24’ 06” N 30⁰ 26’ 59” E 7,579 Concrete
33 Kyiv

Gostomel Airport (Antonov-2) (Cargo)

517 50⁰ 36’ 13” N 30⁰ 11’ 31” E 11,483 Concrete
34 Kyiv

Vasylkiv Air Base (Military)

673 50⁰ 14’ 47” N 30⁰ 18’ 65” E 8,202 Concrete
35 Kyiv Sviatoshyn 571 50⁰ 28’ 42” N 30⁰ 23’ 06” E 5,905 Concrete
36 Kyiv

Chaika Airfield (Sports Only)

600 50⁰ 25’ 48” N 30⁰ 17’ 48” E 3,937 NA
37 Kyiv

Kyiv Airfield (Buzova) (Sports Only)

594 50⁰ 23’ 55” N 30⁰ 03’ 34” E NA NA
38 Kyiv

Kyiv Airfield (Antonov-1)

575 50⁰ 29’ 12” N 30⁰ 22’ 61” E 5,906 Paved
39 Kyiv

Dnipro-1 Heliport

587 50⁰ 27’ 00” N 30⁰ 31’ 24” E NA NA
40a Luhansk

Luhansk International

636 48⁰ 25’ 03” N 39⁰ 22’ 26” E 9,450 Asphalt Concrete
40b Luhansk

Luhansk International

636 48⁰ 25’ 48” N 39⁰ 22’ 26” E 8,202 Soil
41 Lutsk

Lutsk Airport

761 50⁰ 40’ 39” N 25⁰ 29’ 19” E 5,446 Asphalt
42 Lviv

Danylo Halytskyi International

1,071 49⁰ 48’ 45” N 23⁰ 57’ 22” E 10,843 Concrete
43 Lviv

Horodok Air Base (Military)

896 49⁰ 44’ 18” N 23⁰ 40’ 06” E 8,202 Concrete
44 Lviv

Lviv Stryi Airport (Stryi Air Base)

879 49⁰ 14’ 36” N 23⁰ 47’ 12” E 9,842 Concrete
45 Lymanske

Lymanske International

158 46⁰ 40’ 08” N 30⁰ 00’ 40” E 8,212 Concrete
46a Mariupol

Mariupol International (Zhdanov)

251 47⁰ 04’ 21” N 37⁰ 27’ 23” E 8,431 Asphalt
46b Mariupol

Mariupol International (Zhdanov)

251 47⁰ 04’ 21” N 37⁰ 27’ 23” E 4,593 Grass
46c Mariupol

Mariupol International (Zhdanov)

251 47⁰ 04’ 21” N 37⁰ 27’ 23” E 4,593 Grass
47 Melitopol Melitopol Airport 112 46⁰ 50’ 00” N 35⁰ 22’ 00” E 7,920 NA
48a Mykolayiv

Mykolayiv International

56 47⁰ 03’ 28” N 31⁰ 55’ 11” E 8,438 Asphalt
48b Mykolayiv

Mykolayiv International

56 47⁰ 03’ 29” N 31⁰ 55’ 15” E 5,906 Grass
49 Myrhorod Myrhorod Air Base 390 49⁰ 55’ 54” N 33⁰ 38’ 22” E 8202 Concrete
50 Nizhyn

Nizhyn Airport (Nizhyn Air Base)

440 51⁰ 06’ 00” N 31⁰ 52’ 00” E 9,842 Concrete
51 Novi Petrivtski Sopka-1 Heliport 538 50⁰ 37’ 23” N 30⁰ 26’ 47” E NA NA
52a Odesa

Odesa International

172 46⁰ 25’ 37” N 30⁰ 40’ 35” E 9,186 Asphalt Concrete
52b Odesa

Odesa International

172 46⁰ 25’ 37” N 30⁰ 40’ 35” E 1,814 Grass
53 Pidhorodne Pidhorodne Airport 184 48⁰ 34’ 30” N 35⁰ 06’ 08” E NA NA
54 Poltava

Poltava Airport (Poltava West)

486 49⁰ 34’ 07” N 34⁰ 23’ 50” E 8,530 Concrete
55a Poltava

Poltava Air Base (Military)

509 49⁰ 37’ 37” N 34⁰ 29’ 11” E 8,250 Concrete
55b Poltava

Poltava Air Base (Military)

509 49⁰ 37’ 37” N 34⁰ 29’ 11” E 8,250 Grass
56a Rivne

Rivne International

754 50⁰ 36’ 26” N 26⁰ 08’ 30” E 8,615 Concrete
56b Rivne

Rivne International

754 50⁰ 36’ 26” N 26⁰ 08’ 30” E 2,150 Asphalt
57 Saky

Saky Airport (Novofedorivka)

52 45⁰ 08’ 01” N 33⁰ 35’ 56” E 8,702 NA
58 Semenivka Semenivka Airport 646 52⁰ 10’ 30” N 32⁰ 34’ 40” E NA NA
59 Sevastopol

Sevastopol International (Belbek)

220 44⁰ 41’ 29” N 33⁰ 34’ 31” E 9,865 Concrete
60 Sievierodonetsk Sievierodonetsk Airport 220 48⁰ 54’ 03” N 38⁰ 32’ 34” E 4,675 Paved
61 Simferopol

Simferopol International

639 45⁰ 03’ 07” N 33⁰ 58’ 31” E 12,142 Concrete
62a Simferopol Zavodske Airfield 291 44⁰ 55’ 08” N 34⁰ 03’ 40” E 5,906 Grass
62b Simferopol Zavodske Airfield 291 44⁰ 55’ 08” N 34⁰ 03’ 40” E 3,937 Grass
62c Simferopol Zavodske Airfield 291 44⁰ 55’ 08” N 34⁰ 03’ 40” E 3,937 Grass
63 Starokostiantyniv Starokostiantyniv Air Base 873 49⁰ 44’ 07” N 27⁰ 16’ 02” E 8,120 Concrete
64 Sumy

Sumy Airport

594 50⁰ 51’ 30” N 34⁰ 45’ 45” E 8,202 Asphalt
65a Ternopil

Ternopil International

1,073 49⁰ 31’ 27” N 25⁰ 42’ 00” E 7,546 Concrete
65b Ternopil

Ternopil International

1,073 49⁰ 31’ 27” N 25⁰ 42’ 00” E 2,461 Asphalt
66 Tsuniv

Tsuniv Airport

981 49⁰ 49’ 41” N 23⁰ 41’ 19” E NA NA
67 Uzhhorod

Uzhhorod International

383 48⁰ 38’ 03” N 22⁰ 15’ 48” E 6,686 Asphalt
68 Uzin

Chepelivka Airport

571 49⁰ 47’ 24” N 30⁰ 26’ 27” E 11,483 Paved
69 Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia Airport (Havryshivka)

899 49⁰ 14’ 32” N 28⁰ 36’ 51” E 8,202 Concrete
70 Yevpatoria

Yevpatoria Airport (Military)

33 45⁰ 13’ 32” N 33⁰ 22’ 36” E 6,600 Concrete
71a Zaporizhzhya Mokraya International 373 47⁰ 52’ 01” N 35⁰ 18’ 56” E 8,210 Concrete
71b Zaporizhzhya Mokraya International 373 47⁰ 52’ 01” N 35⁰ 18’ 56” E 6,889 Soil
72 Zhytomyr Ozerne Airfield 761 50⁰ 09’ 32” N 28⁰ 44’ 18” E 10,010 Concrete
73 Zhytomyr Zhytomyr Airport 723 50⁰ 16’ 14” N 28⁰ 44’ 19” E 4,921 Asphalt
74 Yalta

Yalta Heliport

130 44⁰ 29’ 58” N 34⁰ 10’ 12” E NA NA

Airports/Airlines

Airports service all six of Pirtuni’s major cities as well as some of the smaller cities. The national carrier, Pirtuni International Airlines, has been in operation for over 45 years. It transports both people and cargo nationally and internationally.

Other commercial airlines in Pirtuni include Air Irga, PM Airlines, and Azur Pirtuni. A number of charter and cargo airlines also operate within Pirtuni. Many international carriers fly into Pirtuni, with most the majority of flights landing at Kyiv International Airport.

Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems

Pirtuni operates six major seaports, almost all of which lie on the Black Sea. These are Feodosiya, Chornomorske, Mariupol, Mykolayiv, Odesa, and Yuzhnyy. In addition, Pirtuni possesses 1,039 miles of navigable waterways, most on the Dnieper River.

The Pirtunian Merchant Marine Fleet consists of 134 ships with another 172 ships registered in other countries. The primary ships operated by the Merchant Marine include:

·        Bulk Carrier: 3

·        Cargo: 98

·        Chemical Tanker: 1

·        Passenger: 6

·        Passenger/Cargo: 5

·        Petroleum Tanker: 8

·        Refrigerated Cargo: 11

·        Specialized Tanker: 2

Pirtuni's Major Railroads and Ports
Pirtunia's Major Petroleum Pipelines and Fields

Pipelines

There are 34,547 miles of pipelines in Pirtuni. These are broken down by the following commodities:

·        Gas: 22,817 miles

·        Oil: 9,019 miles

·        Refined products: 2,711 miles

Telecommunications Architecture

There are 10.46 million landlines telephones in Pirtuni and 61.2 million cellular phones. This breaks down to 23 landlines for every 100 inhabitants and 125 cellular phones for every 100 people. The latter is one- quarter higher than the 100 cellular phones for every 100 people found in the US. About one-third of Pirtuni’s telephone networks are digital and most regional centers use digital switching stations.

While cellular telephone service has reached a saturation of over one phone per person in Pirtuni, Internet access lags behind. There are only 2,173 Internet hosts in the country and around 23.8 million regular Internet users or about 53% of the population. However, an additional 20% of the populace accesses the Internet at least occasionally.

There are a large number of media outlets available in Pirtuni. There are 524 radio broadcast stations and 642 television broadcast stations. The electronic media outlets are a combination of government-owned and independent stations

Agriculture

Only 7% of the Pirtunian populace works in agriculture or agricultural-related industries. The primary products produce on farms in Pirtuni include beef, corn, grains, milk, fruits, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, tobacco, and vegetables.

Industry

About 23% of adult Pirtunian residents work in industrial jobs. The primary manufacturing-related jobs include coal mining, electrical power production, ferrous and non-ferrous metal mining, machinery and transportation equipment assembly, chemical production, and food processing.

Oil

While Pirtuni produces 43,000 barrels (bbl) per day of crude oil and exports 1,500 bbl/day, the country imports 35,000 bbl/day. Pirtuni possesses 415 million barrels of proved crude oil reserves and produces 121,000 bbl/day of refined petroleum products, while consuming 257,000 bbl/day of the latter. It imports 178,000 bbl/day of refined petroleum products, but at the same time exports 36,000 bbl/day.

Gas

Pirtuni possesses proven reserves of 41 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Pirtuni produces 753 billion cubic feet of natural gas each year, ranking #30 in the world, but it consumes 1.68 trillion cubic feet annually. Pirtuni does not export any natural gas, but must import 927 billion cubic feet annually to compensate for its high usage.

DEFENSE INDUSTRIES

There is a major military industrial complex in Pirtuni, especially around Kharkiv, that produces military weapons and equipment for export.

NUCLEAR

There are five nuclear power plants in Pirtuni that generate a total of 17,819 megawatts (MW) of electricity per year, or over 25% of all electricity generated in the country. Currently, Pirtuni holds no known nuclear weapons but does possess the technology to produce them and the missile technology to launch them. The nuclear power plant at Enerhodar is the largest in all of Europe. The power plants and their capacity (in MW) are shown below:

·        Chernobyl: 4,000

·        Netishyn: 2,000

·        Kuznetsovsk: 2,819

SPACE

·        Yuzhnoukrainsk: 3,000

·        Enerhodar: 6,000

The State Space Agency of Pirtuni (SSAP) is the government agency responsible for Pirtuni’s space programs and space policy. The SSAP is a major player in the Pirtunian national defense industry. Pirtuni launches its satellites from a launch center in a South American country and from the multinational Sea Launch Commander, a ship based in a Pacific Ocean port. The ship moves out into the Pacific Ocean for launches in order to take maximum advantage of the optimum position on the Earth’s surface. The SSAP operates a ground-tracking station in Kyiv and a control center in Dunaivtsi. The SSAP has conducted 97 space launches from the earth or from the Sea Launch Commander. These launches place satellites in orbit for observation, meteorology, and mapmaking purposes.

Pirtuni does not currently or plan in the near future to participate in any manned astronautical programs. In 1997, two different Pirtunians flew into space through the Donovian and American space programs. The first Pirtunian to fly into space was early in the year with Donovia and the last was on an American Space Shuttle Mission late in the same year.

POLLUTION

There are areas of Pirtuni that suffer from pollution, primarily around industrial areas. The pollution harms the atmosphere with contaminated smoke, as well as ground and water pollution from factory by- products. Pirtuni produces 320 million US tons of carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, ranking as the 24th worst offender nation in the world.

Summary

Much of the construction in many of the larger Pirtuni cities has occurred within the last 100 years. Many of these cities do not exhibit the dense inner core of cities that have been around for a very long time. The transportation network—roads, railroads, and aviation—are all fairly modern and robust. While the major highways are not US interstate quality, those roads are ample enough to connect the country. Most visitors to the major Pirtunian cities will see little difference between them and other modern European cities. In pockets of the rural areas, life continues to go on as it has in the past—slower and agriculture- based. The one difference is that everyone owns a mobile phone, with a saturation rate of more than one phone for every man, woman, and child in Pirtuni.

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