Difference between revisions of "Amari Infrastructure"
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
+ | Amari has over twice the population of Texas but less than five percent of its electrical power generating capacity. Despite that, Amari is still the regional leader in the depth and quality of its infrastructure, key features being the port of Mombasa and the "Northern Transport Corridor" connecting Mombasa to Nairobi and points west. The corridor also serves the resource-rich Lake Victoria region, with a spur to Kisumu as well as a direct line to Kampala. Nairobi is also the region’s major air hub for international trade and tourism. | ||
+ | |||
+ | While Amari wishes to maintain its advantage over Kujenga’s port of Dar Es Salaam and the Dar Es Salaam-Kigoma (DARGOMA) Corridor. It also understands the importance of streamlined border and customs control to regional security and economic development. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Despite abundant petroleum, geothermal, and hydroelectric resources, most of the region’s population depend on wood or charcoal for cooking and oil lamps for lighting, especially in rural areas. Even those living in urban neighborhoods serviced by electric or water distribution grids are not necessarily connected. | ||
+ | |||
==Population Density and Urban Zones== | ==Population Density and Urban Zones== | ||
+ | Amari’s population is most dense between Nairobi and Kampala. The rural western plateau and its inland border with Kujenga are more sparsely populated than the eastern rural areas north of Lake Victoria. Nairobi and Kampala are the largest and most developed cities; the historic port city of Kisumu on Lake Victoria is Amari’s capital. | ||
+ | |||
===Nairobi (Pop. 4.1m, Density 6,963/km2)=== | ===Nairobi (Pop. 4.1m, Density 6,963/km2)=== | ||
+ | Nairobi has grown from a rural cattle market to the regional economic power. Dense low-rise residential areas and intermixed light industry surround a modern, high-rise, closed-block city center. Over half of Nairobi’s inhabitants live in informal settlements, e.g. Kibera. Starehe, Kamukunji, and Makadara. These areas are more than twice as dense as the city average. This pattern is similar in the other large Amari cities. The city limits also include the 29 thousand acre Nairobi National Park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Open space comprises the largest land use in Nairobi (47.8%), followed by residential (15.1%), and national park (13.9%). Land use changes include: i) soil rich farmland to residential area, ii) grassland to residential area, iii) detached house to apartment or office, and iv) river bank to informal settlements. | ||
+ | |||
===Kampala (Pop. 1.6m, Density 8,436/km2)=== | ===Kampala (Pop. 1.6m, Density 8,436/km2)=== | ||
+ | With a greater metropolitan population over 3 million, Kampala is the largest city on Lake Victoria, as well as one of the oldest. Kampala’s adjacent Port Bell is the major northern terminus of the Lake Victoria Rail Ferry, serving western Amari and landlocked states to the north and west. Kampala is also the commerce and cultural center of western Amari, its importance increasing since the Albertine Basin oil discoveries. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Similar to Nairobi, Kampala has a relatively modern city center surrounded by dense high-rise residential blocks. Kampala is built on a series of hills. Higher income residences and business occupy the high ground, surrounded by lower income low-rise closed blocks. Dense shantytowns and informal settlements in turn surround these blocks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kampala’s water and sanitation services are the best in the region, serving approximately 60 percent of the residents. | ||
+ | |||
===Mombasa (Pop. 1.2m, Density 5,281/km2)=== | ===Mombasa (Pop. 1.2m, Density 5,281/km2)=== | ||
+ | Established as an Arab trading port in 16th Century, Mombasa retains much of its old city center in a small urban core on Mombasa Island. This dense random construction of two and three story stone and wood structures includes some early 20th Century closed block construction. Mombasa has neither the infrastructure endowment, nor the intense slum problems associated with Nairobi or Kampala. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Most commerce and industry surrounds the port of Mombasa on island’s west side, and across Kilindini Harbor. The western suburbs include Amari’s principal naval base and a large dual-use airport. The east and north sides of Mombasa contain mostly low density, low-rise residences and resort properties. The southeastern community of Likoni is a mainly high-density random organized shantytown. | ||
+ | |||
===Arusha (Pop. 424,000, Density 5,635/km2)=== | ===Arusha (Pop. 424,000, Density 5,635/km2)=== | ||
+ | Arusha is the gateway city for Amari’s significant safari and ecotourism industry, with Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro to the east, and the Ngorogo Crater and Olduvai Gorge to the west. | ||
+ | Arusha is served by a spur rail line from Dar Es Salaam, with plans for direct connection to Nairobi and points west. The easterly line to Voi is abandoned. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The construction pattern is mostly closed block, with a modest mid-rise city core. The surrounding commercial areas resemble more strip construction than closed block core periphery. | ||
+ | |||
===Kisumu (Pop. 552,000, Density 989/km2)=== | ===Kisumu (Pop. 552,000, Density 989/km2)=== | ||
+ | Kisumu was an early colonial rival to Kampala. It retained its status as Amari’s capital, though it does not have the infrastructure or economy of Kampala. Kisumu is a spur of off the Nairobi-Kampala section of the Northern Transport Corridor, linked by paved but secondary roads and rail to both. It is also the northern terminus of the Lake Victoria rail ferry with service to Kampala in the west, and Mwanza, Ziwa to the south. The construction pattern is mostly shantytown, split evenly between dense informal settlement and more scattered lots with tiny farm plots. Otherwise, the city center is close orderly block construction with an east-west strip area following the B1 Kisumu-Busia main road. | ||
==Electricity Generation and Transmission== | ==Electricity Generation and Transmission== | ||
+ | Amari generates more than half of its electricity from either hydroelectric or geothermal sources, exporting to Nyumba and Ziwa. Over half of the urban population has access to electricity, though the grid fails to keep up with peak demands. The lack of peak generating capacity, and transmission line repair and expansion account for most power outages. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Amari currently has over 60 operational power plants generating 4,120 Mw. Another 2,700 Mw of capacity is either under construction or planned. None of the operating plants are over 250 Mw, and over 60 percent are under 100 Mw. For reference, the average American coal-fired power plant generates over 500Mw. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Potential natural gas deposits on the Indian Ocean coast present opportunities for Amari to convert their coal-fired plants or increase their generating capacity if an economical transmission system is in place. | ||
+ | |||
+ | See link for the regional power plant data set (loc/cap/source type/status). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Despite these challenges, Amari exports power to both Nyumba and Ziwa. | ||
+ | |||
==Water== | ==Water== | ||
==Sanitation== | ==Sanitation== | ||
==Transportation Architecture== | ==Transportation Architecture== | ||
===Roads=== | ===Roads=== | ||
+ | Amari classifies their roads with the standard trunk, secondary, tertiary or track designations. Most trunk roads are hard-surfaced except for those on the coast north of Mombasa and east of the Moyale-Nairobi north-south artery. Traffic on roads outside of the urban cores is sparse. On average, thirty percent of these roads are in poor condition, requiring rehabilitation beyond routine maintenance. Most improved roads are traversable in all weather conditions. The vast network of undesignated rural roads and tracks comprise 150-200% of government road networks and carry up to one third of agricultural output. | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
+ | Amari is the regional leader in railway improvement. Spurred by extensive Olvanese investment and construction expertise, the Northern Transport Corridor has new standard gauge rail from Mombasa to Nairobi, with the Nairobi-Kampala segment currently under construction. General freight and container traffic are the main users, however, the government expects passenger use to increase as fares and travel times become competitive with bus transport. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Major rail yards are located in Mombasa, Nairobi, and Kampala. | ||
+ | |||
===Aviation=== | ===Aviation=== | ||
+ | Nairobi is the regional air hub. Amari also has a successful state-controlled airline, Amari Airways, which recently upgraded their aircraft fleet. Amari handles over fifteen percent of Africa’s air cargo traffic, with Europe being the primary destination. Counter-seasonal flowers and perishables are the largest commodities. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Facilities. See attached link for specific runway data. | ||
+ | |||
===Maritime=== | ===Maritime=== | ||
+ | Amari has three ports on the African coastline (Mombasa, Malindi, Kilifi), one on Pemba Island (Chake Chake), and four on Lake Victoria (Kampala, Entebbe, Kisumu, Bukakata). Only Mombasa and Kilifi can service military logistics ships pierside. Only Mombasa and Kampala have rail facilities. The smaller ports transfer cargo from anchored ships via barge, making them compatible with Joint Logistics Over The Shore (JLOTS) operations. Consult NGA Sailing Directions Pub. 171 for detailed port information. | ||
===Oil Pipeline, Processing and Terminals=== | ===Oil Pipeline, Processing and Terminals=== | ||
− | ==Minerals (Move to Econ)== | + | Amari’s current petroleum structure was designed to import crude oil to Mombasa for refining and transfer to the interior via a 14in pipeline generally following the Northern Transport Corridor. The Mombasa refinery is idle and refined product imports have replaced crude. |
+ | (Pipeline Map) | ||
+ | (Pipeline Capacity Table) | ||
+ | A planned refinery in Hoima will process part of the newly discovered oil reserves in western Amari. This change of fortune will require either a link-up to the existing pipeline network or construction of new routes. The complex network of regional customers, foreign investors and public-private partnerships mean that the government will need to consider alternatives to an all-Amari pipeline project. Current proposals envision a southerly pipeline on the west side of Lake Victoria, transiting Kujenga and perhaps Ziwa, and a northeast spur to connect with Nyumba’s "Lamu Port Express",LAPEX, project. | ||
+ | ==Petroleum Minerals (Move to Econ)== | ||
+ | Amari ranks third in sub-Saharan petroleum wealth with over 2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in the Albertine Basin, just behind the Gulf of Guinea and Angola. Foreign producers want to export crude via Mombasa, while many Amaris would rather refine and distribute products to satisfy a growing regional demand. | ||
+ | Amari mostly extracts large volumes of low-cost industrial ores and commodities. It also has a small-scale steel processing capability. | ||
+ | (click here for geo-referenced regional data set). | ||
+ | |||
==Pollution== | ==Pollution== | ||
==Conclusion== | ==Conclusion== |
Revision as of 18:16, 19 October 2017
Contents
Overview
Amari has over twice the population of Texas but less than five percent of its electrical power generating capacity. Despite that, Amari is still the regional leader in the depth and quality of its infrastructure, key features being the port of Mombasa and the "Northern Transport Corridor" connecting Mombasa to Nairobi and points west. The corridor also serves the resource-rich Lake Victoria region, with a spur to Kisumu as well as a direct line to Kampala. Nairobi is also the region’s major air hub for international trade and tourism.
While Amari wishes to maintain its advantage over Kujenga’s port of Dar Es Salaam and the Dar Es Salaam-Kigoma (DARGOMA) Corridor. It also understands the importance of streamlined border and customs control to regional security and economic development.
Despite abundant petroleum, geothermal, and hydroelectric resources, most of the region’s population depend on wood or charcoal for cooking and oil lamps for lighting, especially in rural areas. Even those living in urban neighborhoods serviced by electric or water distribution grids are not necessarily connected.
Population Density and Urban Zones
Amari’s population is most dense between Nairobi and Kampala. The rural western plateau and its inland border with Kujenga are more sparsely populated than the eastern rural areas north of Lake Victoria. Nairobi and Kampala are the largest and most developed cities; the historic port city of Kisumu on Lake Victoria is Amari’s capital.
Nairobi (Pop. 4.1m, Density 6,963/km2)
Nairobi has grown from a rural cattle market to the regional economic power. Dense low-rise residential areas and intermixed light industry surround a modern, high-rise, closed-block city center. Over half of Nairobi’s inhabitants live in informal settlements, e.g. Kibera. Starehe, Kamukunji, and Makadara. These areas are more than twice as dense as the city average. This pattern is similar in the other large Amari cities. The city limits also include the 29 thousand acre Nairobi National Park.
Open space comprises the largest land use in Nairobi (47.8%), followed by residential (15.1%), and national park (13.9%). Land use changes include: i) soil rich farmland to residential area, ii) grassland to residential area, iii) detached house to apartment or office, and iv) river bank to informal settlements.
Kampala (Pop. 1.6m, Density 8,436/km2)
With a greater metropolitan population over 3 million, Kampala is the largest city on Lake Victoria, as well as one of the oldest. Kampala’s adjacent Port Bell is the major northern terminus of the Lake Victoria Rail Ferry, serving western Amari and landlocked states to the north and west. Kampala is also the commerce and cultural center of western Amari, its importance increasing since the Albertine Basin oil discoveries.
Similar to Nairobi, Kampala has a relatively modern city center surrounded by dense high-rise residential blocks. Kampala is built on a series of hills. Higher income residences and business occupy the high ground, surrounded by lower income low-rise closed blocks. Dense shantytowns and informal settlements in turn surround these blocks.
Kampala’s water and sanitation services are the best in the region, serving approximately 60 percent of the residents.
Mombasa (Pop. 1.2m, Density 5,281/km2)
Established as an Arab trading port in 16th Century, Mombasa retains much of its old city center in a small urban core on Mombasa Island. This dense random construction of two and three story stone and wood structures includes some early 20th Century closed block construction. Mombasa has neither the infrastructure endowment, nor the intense slum problems associated with Nairobi or Kampala.
Most commerce and industry surrounds the port of Mombasa on island’s west side, and across Kilindini Harbor. The western suburbs include Amari’s principal naval base and a large dual-use airport. The east and north sides of Mombasa contain mostly low density, low-rise residences and resort properties. The southeastern community of Likoni is a mainly high-density random organized shantytown.
Arusha (Pop. 424,000, Density 5,635/km2)
Arusha is the gateway city for Amari’s significant safari and ecotourism industry, with Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro to the east, and the Ngorogo Crater and Olduvai Gorge to the west. Arusha is served by a spur rail line from Dar Es Salaam, with plans for direct connection to Nairobi and points west. The easterly line to Voi is abandoned.
The construction pattern is mostly closed block, with a modest mid-rise city core. The surrounding commercial areas resemble more strip construction than closed block core periphery.
Kisumu (Pop. 552,000, Density 989/km2)
Kisumu was an early colonial rival to Kampala. It retained its status as Amari’s capital, though it does not have the infrastructure or economy of Kampala. Kisumu is a spur of off the Nairobi-Kampala section of the Northern Transport Corridor, linked by paved but secondary roads and rail to both. It is also the northern terminus of the Lake Victoria rail ferry with service to Kampala in the west, and Mwanza, Ziwa to the south. The construction pattern is mostly shantytown, split evenly between dense informal settlement and more scattered lots with tiny farm plots. Otherwise, the city center is close orderly block construction with an east-west strip area following the B1 Kisumu-Busia main road.
Electricity Generation and Transmission
Amari generates more than half of its electricity from either hydroelectric or geothermal sources, exporting to Nyumba and Ziwa. Over half of the urban population has access to electricity, though the grid fails to keep up with peak demands. The lack of peak generating capacity, and transmission line repair and expansion account for most power outages.
Amari currently has over 60 operational power plants generating 4,120 Mw. Another 2,700 Mw of capacity is either under construction or planned. None of the operating plants are over 250 Mw, and over 60 percent are under 100 Mw. For reference, the average American coal-fired power plant generates over 500Mw.
Potential natural gas deposits on the Indian Ocean coast present opportunities for Amari to convert their coal-fired plants or increase their generating capacity if an economical transmission system is in place.
See link for the regional power plant data set (loc/cap/source type/status).
Despite these challenges, Amari exports power to both Nyumba and Ziwa.
Water
Sanitation
Transportation Architecture
Roads
Amari classifies their roads with the standard trunk, secondary, tertiary or track designations. Most trunk roads are hard-surfaced except for those on the coast north of Mombasa and east of the Moyale-Nairobi north-south artery. Traffic on roads outside of the urban cores is sparse. On average, thirty percent of these roads are in poor condition, requiring rehabilitation beyond routine maintenance. Most improved roads are traversable in all weather conditions. The vast network of undesignated rural roads and tracks comprise 150-200% of government road networks and carry up to one third of agricultural output.
Rail
Amari is the regional leader in railway improvement. Spurred by extensive Olvanese investment and construction expertise, the Northern Transport Corridor has new standard gauge rail from Mombasa to Nairobi, with the Nairobi-Kampala segment currently under construction. General freight and container traffic are the main users, however, the government expects passenger use to increase as fares and travel times become competitive with bus transport.
Major rail yards are located in Mombasa, Nairobi, and Kampala.
Aviation
Nairobi is the regional air hub. Amari also has a successful state-controlled airline, Amari Airways, which recently upgraded their aircraft fleet. Amari handles over fifteen percent of Africa’s air cargo traffic, with Europe being the primary destination. Counter-seasonal flowers and perishables are the largest commodities.
Facilities. See attached link for specific runway data.
Maritime
Amari has three ports on the African coastline (Mombasa, Malindi, Kilifi), one on Pemba Island (Chake Chake), and four on Lake Victoria (Kampala, Entebbe, Kisumu, Bukakata). Only Mombasa and Kilifi can service military logistics ships pierside. Only Mombasa and Kampala have rail facilities. The smaller ports transfer cargo from anchored ships via barge, making them compatible with Joint Logistics Over The Shore (JLOTS) operations. Consult NGA Sailing Directions Pub. 171 for detailed port information.
Oil Pipeline, Processing and Terminals
Amari’s current petroleum structure was designed to import crude oil to Mombasa for refining and transfer to the interior via a 14in pipeline generally following the Northern Transport Corridor. The Mombasa refinery is idle and refined product imports have replaced crude. (Pipeline Map) (Pipeline Capacity Table) A planned refinery in Hoima will process part of the newly discovered oil reserves in western Amari. This change of fortune will require either a link-up to the existing pipeline network or construction of new routes. The complex network of regional customers, foreign investors and public-private partnerships mean that the government will need to consider alternatives to an all-Amari pipeline project. Current proposals envision a southerly pipeline on the west side of Lake Victoria, transiting Kujenga and perhaps Ziwa, and a northeast spur to connect with Nyumba’s "Lamu Port Express",LAPEX, project.
Petroleum Minerals (Move to Econ)
Amari ranks third in sub-Saharan petroleum wealth with over 2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in the Albertine Basin, just behind the Gulf of Guinea and Angola. Foreign producers want to export crude via Mombasa, while many Amaris would rather refine and distribute products to satisfy a growing regional demand. Amari mostly extracts large volumes of low-cost industrial ores and commodities. It also has a small-scale steel processing capability. (click here for geo-referenced regional data set).