View source for 71-CO-8517 OPFOR Crime

{{Infobox
 |header1= 
 | label1= Status
 | data1= Approved 20 Jan 2017
 |header2= 
 | label2= Effective Date:
 | data2= 20 Jan 2017
 |header3= 
 | label3= Task Number:
 | data3= 71-CO-8517
 |header4= 
 | label4= Task Title:
 | data4= OPFOR Crime
 |header5= 
 | label5= Distribution Restriction:
 | data5= Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
 |header6= 
 | label6= Destruction Notice: 
 | data6= None
 |header7= 
 | label7= Foreign Disclosure: FD1 -
 | data7= This training product has been reviewed by the training developers in coordination with the HQS TRADOC DCS G2
FDO foreign disclosure officer. This training product can be used to instruct international military students from all approved countries without
restrictions.
}}

== Conditions ==
A crime is an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. For the purposes of articulating crime as an opposing force task, it can be divided into two broad categories: organized crime and street crime. Both manifestations of crime and criminality can be analyzed through the use of functional analysis despite the latter s inherently amorphous nature. That is to say that regardless of the type of criminal group, or the individual criminal, certain functions must be performed to bring about the accomplishment of a criminal act. For example, the same methodology or technique used by an insurgent force to emplace and explode an improvised explosive device along a convoy route can be used by a street gang to distribute drugs. These functions can be broadly categorized as action, enabling, fixing, and security.  

Crime differentiates itself from other opposing force tactics and techniques in that it:  
* Is motivated by power and profit  
* It is executed by groups or individuals who go to great lengths to conceal their activities and identities  
* Seeks to foment public unrest and social disorder, as well as engender fear within the relevant population as methods of enabling criminal activity  
* Leverages corruption, impunity, anonymity, and safe haven to ensure battlefield survivability and create operational time and space  
* Should be observed as an operational environment condition just as much as it is a violation of the law  
* Is predominately a local, urban phenomenon because urban environments provide large numbers of opportunities for offenders and targets to come together in time and space  
* Is highly concentrated on particular people, places, and things  
* Is inherently nebulous in nature at lower, more unorganized levels  
Criminal elements of the OPFOR are conducting operations independently or temporarily in concert with a larger element or force and receives a directive to execute a criminal activity at a specific location and time and/or saturate a geographic space with unorganized street crime. Task organization provides the resource capabilities to accomplish the task. More organized criminal elements of the OPFOR may have communications with higher, adjacent, subordinate, and supporting elements. Friendly forces, security forces, noncombatants, government agencies, nongovernment organizations, and local and international media may be in the operational environment (OE). Criminal elements of the OPFOR are not constrained by standardized Rules of Engagement (ROE) and do not necessarily comply with international conventions or agreements on the conduct of warfare. Some iterations of this task should be performed in MOPP 4. This task should be trained under IED Threat conditions.

== Standards ==
Training Circular 7-100.3, ''Irregular Opposing Forces'', lists 22 criminal activities that opposing force criminals are capable of executing. They are: 
* Arson 
* Assassination 
* Bribery 
* Civic Actions 
* Cyber Crime 
* Extortion 
* Fraud 
* Gambling 
* Hijacking 
* Hostage-Taking 
* Information Warfare 
* Kidnapping 
* Maiming 
* Money Laundering 
* Murder 
* Prostitution 
* Racketeering 
* Security 
* Smuggling 
* Terrorism 
* Theft 
* Trafficking 
The endless variations and combinations of these criminal activities would make replicating the singular, broad-based task of crime in a virtual reality or at a combat training center a near impossibility. Therefore, crime as an opposing force task will seek to identify and articulate baseline functions separate from kinetic tasks such as ambush or raid, which can cover criminal activities like assassination, kidnapping, murder, burglary, or theft that have broad application.

The OPFOR conducts criminal activities in accordance with (IAW) TC 7-100.2 and/or TC 7-100.3 and current criminal techniques. When considering which criminal activities to conduct, the OPFOR seeks to capitalize on opportunities within an operational environment, maximize power and profit, and create/foster conditions that enable their continued operations. The OPFOR displaces (temporally and spatially), reorients (victims, locations, and things), and adapts criminal activity based on learning and changes within the operational environment.

'''NOTE'''

TADSS and Materiel Items quantities are provided as an example only. Adjust as needed based on force size and type of unit used to replicate the OPFOR.

'''NOTE'''

The Objective Task Evaluation Criteria Matrix is provided for reference only. Operational and Training Environments will be IAW the BLUFOR Commanders training plan and guidance.

'''NOTE'''

Access the Virtual OPFOR Academy at <nowiki>https://tbr.army.mil</nowiki> for electronic copies of OPFOR doctrine, references, Decisive Action Training Environment (DATE), and instructional and immersive videos on conducting this task.  
== Live Fire Required ==
No

== Objective Task Evaluation Criteria Matrix ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |'''Plan and Prepare'''
| colspan="6" |'''Execute'''
|'''Assess'''
|-
| colspan="2" |''' '''

Operational Environment
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

Training Environment (L/V/C)
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

% of Leaders Present at

Training/Authorized
| rowspan="2" |% of Soldiers Present at
| rowspan="2" |External Eval
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

%  Performance Measures 'GO'
| rowspan="2" |% Critical Performance Measures  'GO'
| rowspan="2" |% Leader Performance Measures 'GO'
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

Task Assessment
|-
|''' '''

BDE &

Above
| 
|-
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

Dynamic and Complex (All OE  Variables and Hybrid Threat)
| rowspan="3" |Night
| rowspan="5" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

Operational Environment  variables and OPFOR use of L/V/C are executed IAW BLUFOR
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

>=85%
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

>=80%
| rowspan="2" |Yes
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

>=91%
| rowspan="3" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

All
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

>=90%
|''' '''

''' '''

'''T'''
|-
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

75-84%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

80-90%
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

80-89%
|''' '''

''' '''

'''T-'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

Dynamic and Complex (All OE  Variables and Single Threat)
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

65-74%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

75-79%
| rowspan="3" |No
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

65-79%
|''' '''

''' '''

'''P'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

60-64%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

60-74%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

51-64%
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

<All
| rowspan="2" |''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

<=79%
|''' '''

''' '''

'''P-'''
|-
|''' '''

Dynamic and  Complex (<All OE

Variables and Single Threat)
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

<=59%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

<=59%
|''' '''

''' '''

''' '''

<=50%
|''' '''

''' '''

'''U'''
|}
'''Remarks'''

None

'''Notes'''

None

== Safety Risk ==
Medium

== Task Statements ==

== Cue ==
None 
{| class="wikitable"
!     <big>'''DANGER''':</big>
Safety briefings should alert users to the possibility of personal injury or damage to equipment that may result from long-term failure to follow correct procedures.
|-
!     <big>'''WARNING''':</big>
Safety briefings should alert users to the possibility of immediate personal injury or damage to equipment.
|-
!     '''<big>CAUTION:</big>'''
None
|}

== Performance Steps and Measures ==
'''NOTE:''' Assess task proficiency using the task evaluation criteria matrix.

'''NOTE:''' Asterisks (*) indicate leader steps; plus signs (+) indicate critical steps.

{| class="wikitable"
|'''STEP/MEASURE'''
|'''GO'''
|'''NO-GO'''
|'''N/A'''
|-
|<nowiki>+  1. Protect</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ a. Take all necessary active  and passive security measures to maintain informational and operational  security.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ b. Build, maintain, and  leverage expansive informant and patronage networks via quid-pro-quo  relationships with the population, corrupt security forces and government  officials, and armed actors (both friendly and security forces) within the  operational environment to ensure anonymity and impunity. This may also be  achieved via cooption or coercion.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ c. Protect criminals and/or  criminal groups with continual improvement of complex terrain, survivability  measures, and camouflage, concealment, cover, and deception (C3D).</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ d. Emplace obstacles (both  virtual and physical) in defense of safe haven to reinforce terrain and  deceive, disrupt, block, fix, or otherwise shape the area of operation and  probable-possible security force actions.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ e. Establish caches and  transshipment points in or near the safe haven with redundant sustainment  capabilities and robust road networks.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ f. As necessary, coordinate  with friendly and/or neutral elements-forces within the operational  environment capable of support assistance in contingencies.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  g. Confirm redundant command and control (C2) communications.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ h. Execute information warfare  (INFOWAR) in support of criminal activities to intimidate the relevant  population, the media, security forces, and government officials.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  i. Improve safe haven with continuous review of C3D measures.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  2. Plan</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ a. Use the acronym MOM: motive,  opportunity, means—to identify and prioritize types of criminal activities,  create and/or exploit opportunity, and allocate personnel and resources.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ b. Collect and analyze current  information on locations, goods/commodities, victims, and vulnerable  populations that can be targeted by criminal activity.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ c. Collect and analyze current  information on security force capabilities, limitations, and disposition and  operational environment information.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ d. Identify the need for  temporary relationships with affiliated forces such as insurgent  organizations, guerilla units, adjacent criminals and/or criminal groups, and  a coerced or willing relevant population.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ e. Analyze action and enabling  functions that must be performed to achieve mission success such as tasks to  deceive, defend, disrupt, fix, contain, and/or neutralize.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  f. Determine the functional tactics to be applied by action, enabling, and  support elements.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ g. Identify task organization  requirements for elements-forces by function IAW TC 7-100.2/TC 7- 100.3.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  3. Prepare</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ a. Evaluate ongoing  surveillance to provide situational understanding of security forces and the  operational environment required for criminal activity success.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  b. Coordinate the activities of logistics support elements and identify  logistics linkup points.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ c. Assess current  counter-surveillance actions to prevent security forces from obtaining  situational understanding of criminal intentions and/or criminal activities.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  d. Conduct limited mission and task rehearsals of action and enabling  elements-forces.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  e. Confirm communications requirements and capabilities.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ f. Execute information warfare  (INFOWAR) in support of the criminal activity such as fomenting public unrest  by sensationalizing the acute or chronic grievances of the relevant  population.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ g. Conduct reconnaissance of  withdrawal routes and/or exfiltration routes if a mission condition requires  friendly elements-forces to vacate safe haven or abandoned the desired course  of action.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  4. Execute</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  a. Activate expansive informant network and surveillance capabilities to  inform decision making.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ b. Fix, isolate, and deceive  security forces as necessary with kinetic means such as drive-by shootings or  grenade attacks, or non-kinetic means such as riots or mass demonstrations.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ c. Conduct criminal activities  consistent with current techniques and through the application of functional  tactics.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ d. Exploit gaps within the  legal system and security force capabilities such as agency jurisdiction, the  use of force continuum, and illegal search and seizure technicalities.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ e. Execute information warfare  (INFOWAR) technical and psychological capabilities to deceive, deter, and/or  dissuade behavior that is disadvantageous and encourage behavior that is  advantageous.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ f. Minimize forensics and  biometrics modality signatures to counter evidence collection and  exploitation (e.g. sterilize a firearm of latent prints after its use in a  murder or wear a balaclava when committing a crime in an area covered by a  CCTV system to counter facial recognition software).</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  5. Assess</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|<nowiki>+ a. Displace (temporally and  spatially), reorient (victims, locations, and things), and adapt criminal  activities based on learning and changes within the operational environment,  to include increased security force presence and/or targeting, changes in crime  opportunities, and the sentiment of the relevant population.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+ b. Employ continuous surveillance to achieve  situational awareness and understanding and provide early warning of security  force activities that can influence criminal activities and safe haven.</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  c. Surveillance and informant networks effective - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  d. Key operational environment information obtained - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  e. Security operations enable maintaining safe haven - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  f. Camouflage, cover, concealment, effective - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  g. Deception actions effective - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  h. Information warfare (INFOWAR) effective - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  i. Report security force actions and disposition - (Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  j. Operational environmental conditions conducive to criminal activity  -(Yes/No)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  k. Criminal activities successful - (Percent)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  l. Criminal activities interdicted by security forces - (Percent)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  m. Criminal groups and/or individuals available to continue mission -  (Percent)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|-
|<nowiki>+  n. Citizenry enables criminal activity - (Percent)</nowiki>
| 
| 
| 
|}
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="8" |'''TASK PERFORMANCE / EVALUATION SUMMARY BLOCK'''
|-
|ITERATION
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|M
|TOTAL
|-
|TOTAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES EVALUATED
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|TOTAL  PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|TRAINING  STATUS GO/NO-GO
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

'''ITERATION'''

'''1     2     3     4     5'''     '''M'''

'''COMMANDER/LEADER ASSESSMENT'''

'''T      P      U'''

'''Mission(s) supported:''' 

None

== MOPP 4 ==
Sometimes

'''MOPP 4 Statement'''

OPFOR will conduct operations in an NBC environment based on the training objectives established by the BLUFOR Commander.

== NVG ==
Sometimes

'''NVG Statement'''

OPFOR will conduct night time operations based on the training objectives established by the BLUFOR Commander.

'''Prerequisite Collective Task(s)'''

None

'''Supporting Collective Task(s)'''

None

'''OPFOR Task(s)'''

None

'''Supporting Individual Task(s)'''

None

'''Supporting Drill(s)'''

None

'''Supported AUTL/UJTL Task(s)'''

{| class="wikitable"
|'''Task  ID'''
|'''Title'''
|-
|ART  5.0
|Conduct  Mission Command
|}

== '''TADSS''' ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''TADSS ID'''
|'''Title'''
|'''Product Type'''
|'''Quantity'''
|-
|T  07-117
|Pistol,  Tokarev
|DVC
|2
|-
|T  20-005
|RPG7  Anti Grenade Launcher with Round
|DVC
|6
|-
|T  20-006
|AK-47  Assault Rifle Model
|DVC
|11
|-
|23-85
|Soft Cap Man Worn Laser Detector (MWLD) (MILES) PR0  Model
|DVC
|54
|-
|T  20-018
|SVD  Sniper Rifle
|DVC
|2
|-
|T  07-115
|Machine  Gun, PKM
|DVC
|11
|-
|GTA 08-11-014
|Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES)  Casualty Cards
|GTA
|2
|-
|T  20-007
|RPK  Squad Machine Gun
|DVC
|5
|-
|23-23
|M2K Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System 2000  (MILES 2000) M24/M40 Sniper Weapon System Kit
|DVC
|2
|-
|T  07-116
|Pistol,  Makarov, Plastic
|DVC
|11
|-
|T  20-008
|PM-50  Pistol
|DVC
|2
|-
|23-67
|Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System  Individual Weapons System (MILES IWS) M16/M4 Rifle Kit, Instrumental
|DVC
|54
|-
|23-102/B
|Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES),  (SLM), RPG7 VISMOD
|DVC
|6
|}

== Equipment (LIN) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''LIN'''
|'''Nomenclature'''
|'''Qty'''
|-
| colspan="3" |No  equipment specified
|}

== Materiel Items (NSN) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''NSN'''
|'''LIN'''
|'''Title'''
|'''Qty'''
|-
|1005-00-118-6192
| 
|Firing  Attachment, Blank Ammunition: Rifle, 5.56 MM, M16, M16A1
|48
|-
|1305-00-005-8005
| 
|Cartridge,  5.56 Millimeter Blank, Single Round: M200 (DODIC:A080)
|4200
|-
|1370-00-752-8124
|T56265
|Simulator,  Hand Grenade: M116A1 (DODIC:L601)
|20
|-
|1305-00-008-8894
| 
|Cartridge,  7.62 Millimeter Blank, Single Round: M82 (DODIC:A112)
|1000
|-
|1005-00-893-0902
| 
|Firing  Attachment, Blank Ammunition, M14 Rifle
|6
|}

== Environment ==
Environmental protection is not just the law but the right thing to do. It is a continual process and starts with deliberate planning. Always be alert to ways to protect our environment during training and missions. In doing so, you will contribute to the sustainment of our training resources while protecting people and the environment from harmful effects. Refer to the current Environmental Considerations manual and the current GTA Environmental-related Risk Assessment card. Consult range control office for specific environmental considerations for the training area(s) being used.

== Safety ==
In a training environment, leaders must perform a risk assessment in accordance with ATP 5-19, Risk Management. Leaders will complete the current Deliberate Risk Assessment Worksheet in accordance with the TRADOC Safety Officer during the planning and completion of each task and sub-task by assessing mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and civil considerations, (METT-TC). Note: During MOPP training, leaders must ensure personnel are monitored for potential heat injury. Local policies and procedures must be followed during times of increased heat category in order to avoid heat related injury. Consider the MOPP work/rest cycles and water replacement guidelines IAW FM 3-11.4, Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Protection, FM 3-11.5, Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Decontamination.

== Supporting References ==
[[Category:VOA]]
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Step Number'''
|'''Reference ID'''
|'''Reference Name'''
|'''Required'''
|'''Primary'''
|-
| 
|TC  7-100
|Hybrid  Threat
|Yes
|Yes
|-
| 
|TC  7-100.2
|Opposing  Force Tactics
|Yes
|Yes
|-
| 
|TC 7-100.3
|Irregular Opposing Forces  <nowiki>https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/d</nowiki> r_aa/pdf/tc7_100x3.pdf
|Yes
|Yes
|-
| 
|TC 7-100.4
|Hybrid Threat Force Structure Organization Guide
|Yes
|Yes
|-
| 
|TC  7-101
|Exercise  Design
|Yes
|Yes
|}