Infrastructure: South Torbia

DATE Pacific > South Torbia > Infrastructure: South Torbia ←You are here

While the region’s five major countries have a significant number of rural residents, South Torbia has over 88% of its population living in urban areas. The country contains a mixture of modern cities and primitive rural villages. Modern utilities are found predominantly in the major cities and at reasonable levels throughout the rural countryside. 95% of the nation has access to electricity with 98% of urban areas and 80% of rural areas respectively. 98% of South Torbia has access to potable water, while only 90% of the nation has access to a sanitation systems (predominantly in the developed urban areas).

The South Torbian infrastructure is stressed based on the rapid urbanization seen throughout the country. Even though the system is stressed it is still among some of the best in the world in regards to services provided (it is operating close to max capacity). Significant emphasis has been placed on the modernizing of the infrastructure in recent years but it continues to be stressed by the rapid urbanization. South Torbia has a robust mass transit system. Several bus companies provide transportation in major cities and to rural areas. Airports range from large international airports that can handle almost any aircraft currently in operation, to small, unimproved dirt strips. Seaports are modern and can handle any modern cargo vessel; most have several dolphin platforms for the offloading of petroleum. The country suffers from high levels of pollution in the urban areas and the government has made policies to combat pollution in urban environments and water supplies.

Urban areas contain skyscraper buildings over 100 meters tall, large apartment complexes, and residential suburbs. There is a shortage of available housing that meets the minimum standards causing some of the poorest residents to construct makeshift dwellings. This is predominately in the outskirts of the major urban areas. The local governments are actively creating new low income housing areas. Typical rural construction is low quality wooden houses with corrugated roofs. Antiquated infrastructure is unable to meet the demands of the new urban landscape, and the South Torbian government is investing heavily in modernizing. They are expected to take decades before completion.

Construction patterns in South Torbia’s urban areas are similar, with the high-rise construction and low cost public housing (requiring modernization due to being constructed over 50 years ago). City planners, however, have extensive knowledge of strategic and sustainable city planning. Building materials typically consist of concrete, steel, and rebar. In areas prone to flooding, houses are built on pilings to prevent flooding. 

Military operations in urban areas will initially benefit from modern electricity, water, sewage, and other utility services. As the size of the force increases, it will further stress the grid and could cause catastrophic failure. Urban areas provide additional networks of subterranean and vertical construction that will provide hiding places for the enemy and possible refuge to civilians in times of conflict. Because of its expansive metropolitan population, any military operation in South Torbia will involve intensive urban operations.

Major South Torbian Cities and Urban Zones

South Torbia has four major urban zones that account for approximately 88 percent of population density of the nation. The average national population density for South Torbia is 928 km².

Infrastructure Sub-Variables
City	Est Pop (2017)	Pop Dens/km2	UBD	Rd	Air	Rail	Sea	Pwr.	Wtr.	Sani
Manila	12,950,000	14,672	C	C	C	C	C	Dv	Dv	Dv
Dasmarinas	650,019	7,335	M	C	M	NE	NE	Dv	Dv	Dv
San Jose del Monte	574,089	5,405	M	M	NE	NE	NE	Dv	Dv	Dg
Bacoor City	600,609	13,127	M	M	NE	C	M	Dv	Dv	Dv

Legend (per TC-7-101): (UBD) urbanized building density, (L) low, (M) medium, (H) high,

(P) primitive, (M) moderate, (C) complex, (NE) non-existent, (Dg) degraded, (Dv) developed

Manila

Manila, South Torbia’s capital city, serves as South Torbia’s major port on the South China Sea and sits at the mouth of the Pasig River. The areas north of the Pasig River tend to be the centers of trade and commerce. The city center is the home of the presidential palace and numerous universities. The buildings in the main urban areas consist of high-rise buildings, single family and duplex dwellings, and high-rise apartment buildings. On the periphery of Manila are the government tenement housing and makeshift shantytowns. Ninoy Aquino International Airport serves as the major international airport for the residents of Manila and the surrounding areas. The Metro-Manilla area is one of the fastest growing areas in the world.  The expansion and urbanization has created one of the largest cities in the world and will continue to expand for at least the next 20 years.

Dasmarinas

Dasmarinas is located 35 kilometers south of Manila, and is the second largest city in South Torbia outside of metro Manila. The recent expansion in Metro Manila created an economic and construction boom in both economy and construction in Dasmarinas. The population grew from 52,000 to over 379,000 in 20 years. Modest economic growth over the past 20 years has brought several industries and universities to the area and increased the population significantly. Tourism plays a significant role in the economy of the city. Construction in the city is modern multi-story buildings in the urban areas and apartments. In the suburbs, the construction is typically single-family homes or duplexes made of wood and earthen material.

San Jose del Monte

San Jose del Monte is located 48 km northeast of Manila. The city is used as a resettlement area for some of the poorest people in the country, which caused its rapid expansion the last several decades. The city was historically an agriculture center, with swine being the major income for the residents. As the city grew, agricultural land was repurposed for housing and industry. The Sierra Madre mountain range lies to the east of the town. The city has a robust road network and bus system to move the inhabitants around the city and to other major metropolitan areas. Of note, the police force consists of only 65 officers, and must be augmented by neighboring police forces and private security companies. San Jose del Monte’s fire department is inadequately supplied, with only five available fire trucks to serve the entire city. Military operations around San Jose del Monte must be cognizant of the local terrain, as it has hills and mountainous areas that provide allow criminal elements and bad actors to conceal their presence.

Bacoor City

Bacoor City is located 25 km south of Manila. Its population increased from just over 90,000 residents to over 520,000 in in 30 years. Bacoor City serves as one of the major suburban areas surrounding Manila. Commuter infrastructure, including roads and mass transit, has not kept pace with the rapid population growth; massive gridlock is a daily occurrence. The rapid influx of residents caused the city to go from an agricultural and fishing based economy to a residential and commercial based economy. The construction patterns for residential areas is modern construction with multistory houses and apartment buildings standard and made of cement and rebar. There are few high-rise buildings in the area.

Utilities Present

South Torbia is one of the more advanced nations in the region in terms of utilities present such as electricity, water, and sewage treatment. Almost all of the population has access to some level of utilities.

Power

South Torbia continues to produce a power surplus than they are able to use and is not reliant on importing resources to meet the power consumption needs of the country.  A total of 94 percent of the population has access to electricity with 98 percent of urban areas having electricity and 80 percent of the rural areas having access to electricity.  South Torbia produces 94 percent of its electricity from fossil fuels, the remaining energy needs are provided by renewable resources from solar, wind, and hydroelectric means.   There are a total of 16 hydroelectric plants throughout the country.

Power Plant Data

South Torbian Power Plants

Name	Fuel	Capacity (MW)	DLAT	DLONG
TNOC Combined Cycle Power Plant	Natural Gas	2011	13.7713	121.0261
South Luzon Thermal Energy Combine	Geothermal	33875	13.9201	120.8265
STEP Power Corporation Plant	Coal	2600	13.9303	120.7886
Makiling-Banahaw Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	34893	14.0881	121.2264
Maibarara Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	32123	14.1382	121.1655
Quezon Power Plant	Coal	2500	14.2296	121.7558
Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Project	Hydro	18685	14.3172	121.4742
Mariveles Coal-Fired Power Plant	Coal	1652	14.4225	120.5375
TTT Consolidated Power Corporation Plant	Coal	1600	14.5198	120.5984
Limay Power Plant	Coal	1300	14.5247	120.5964
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant	Nuclear	0	14.6292	120.3136
Subic Diesel Power Plant	Diesel	2160	14.7673	120.1944
Calumpit Coal Plant	Coal	1300	14.8952	120.7715
Angat Hydro Electric Power Plant	Hydro	11256	14.9071	121.1608
Pacific Energy Corporation Plant	Coal	1500	15.2356	120.6103
TNOC Diesel Power Plant	Diesel	2650	15.4984	120.9804
TES Corporation Plant	Coal	1600	15.5672	119.9228
Sual Power Station	Coal	2294	16.1241	120.1005
Luzon Wind Farm	Wind	148	18.5278	120.7139
Globally Green Power Corporation	Biomass	21	14.5783	121.0577
Malampaya Onshore Gas Plant	Natural Gas	3200	13.7179	121.0655

Water

Nearly all of urban population in South Torbia has access to potable water through indoor plumbing. In rural areas, access becomes more limited, with people relying on rivers, lakes, or community wells. The urbanization of the population caused significant strain on water delivery systems. The government initiated projects to improve the water quality and access. In many of the rural areas, the water infrastructure is obsolete. South Torbians have three tiers of water accessibility - levels I, II, and III. Level I – standalone (e.g. hand pumps, shallow wells, rainwater collectors) serving an average of 15 households within a 250-meter distance. Level II - piped water with a communal water point (e.g. bore well, spring system) serving an average of 4-6 households within a 25-meter distance. Level III - piped water supply with a private water point (e.g. house connection) based on a daily water demand of more than 100 liters per person. The South Torbian climate creates issues with the water system. During the rainy season when the major urban area floods, especially the slums, much of the debris, trash, silt and general refuse (to include sewage) is washed into rivers and stream. The silt and debris also clogs the drainage systems and the treatment plants causing problems with the production of fresh water. This challenge has caused the government to invest in upgrades to the underground viaduct system and the installation of a subterranean wastewater treatment plant. Military personnel should find potable water in the major urban areas but will see shortages in rural areas. Local water should be tested and treated for contamination if necessary.

Sanitation

South Torbians that reside in the metropolitan areas, in apartments or single-family homes, have access to sewage disposal. 90% of residents have access to sanitation services. 85% of residents have access to a sewer system with the remaining using septic systems. Only approximately 10% of the wastewater is treated which has led to contamination of 58% of groundwater. Over the past forty years, the government has invested in wastewater treatment facilities, and most domestic wastewater is discharged with treatment. With the recent completion of an underground treatment facility in Quezon City, this has made strides to limit the contamination entering the Marikina River. The government has several projects approved for modernizing the sewage system in both urban and rural areas.

While marginally capable sewage systems exist in major metropolitan areas, sewage systems in rural areas are either antiquated or non-existent. 85% of rural South Torbians have access to a sewage system that are predominantly in form of septic systems. In the past 20 years, the South Torbian government subsidized and privatized sludge removal and septic system cleaning, substantially reducing ground water contamination.

Transportation Architecture

Roads are the primary transportation method throughout South Torbia. The rail network of the country is currently being upgraded to support mass transit and become more reliable and thus viable means of transportation. Rural roads may be in poor condition due to lack of maintenance in the more remote areas.

Road Systems

Other than interstates, roads in South Torbia are below US or Western European standards. Driving can be hazardous and becomes more hazardous at night and during the rainy season due to lack of drivers skills. 

South Torbia has a vast national road network of 6,753 km that includes 6,495 km of paved roads. The road network consists mainly of three types of national roads: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary interstates connect three or more major population centers with 100k or more populace. Secondary interstates connect major population centers to smaller cities. Tertiary interstates are any other road that is maintained by the national government. The South Torbian government maintains a total of 6,752 km of road networks. The break out of paving material is 3,001 km (44%) paved with concrete, 3,494 km (52%) paved with asphalt for a total of 6,495 km (96%) of national roads are paved. The unpaved portion of national roads consists of 254 km (4%) gravel and 35 km (0.005%) earthen roads for a total of 289 km (4%) of unpaved roads. Most roads have heavy traffic and are viewed as dangerous because of a constant state of construction and reckless driving habits.

The South Torbian government is responsible for 1,873 bridges spanning over 91,888 linear meters across the country. There are 1,864 permanent bridges covering 91,207 linear meters. 1,758 bridges covering 83,482 linear meters are constructed of concrete.  106 bridges spanning 7,725 linear meters are constructed of steel. There are nine temporary Bailey bridges spanning 682 linear meters throughout the country.

Military traffic on road networks will be stressed due to large amounts of traffic. When South Torbians begin a road construction project they typically work on one section (direction) causing it to go to a single lane for travel with traffic moving both directions. These construction projects often take several months to complete.

Bus

The larger the city the more likely it is to be a hub for bus traffic. The bus companies are independently owned and operated. The buses run both in the major metropolitan areas and to the rural areas. Due to relatively low cost of other methods of public transportation buses are typically used for longer distance travel between major urban areas and rural towns and villages.

Buses operate throughout South Torbia, providing mainly long distance travel to the civilian population. Very few South Torbians use them for local travel, as there are other more efficient and reliable ways to move around the congestion in the major metropolitan areas. The buses used by the private companies do not come from any predominant company. For the smaller companies that cannot afford to purchase new buses many are refurbished and updated. Many of the major bus companies originate their lines from the major metropolitan areas and then run to the more rural areas. Typically, the routes traveled are limited to only a few companies to each area.

Any military operations in the country that affect the bus system may cause strain on the transportation system and cause extended delays resulting in a decreased perception of military forces by the civilian population. Military operations in South Torbia would involve inspecting buses for contraband and illegal weapons.

Rail

South Torbia has 400 km of rail lines. Several projects to modernize the rail system and improve commuter travel are underway. The main project is a high-speed rail line from Angeles to Manila with two branch lines extending to San Pablo and Batangas respectively. The purpose is to help decrease pollution and congestion throughout the country. The major terminal and railyard is in Manila. South Torbia rail is standard gauge, which is in incompatible with North Torbia and Belesia. All of the locomotives used in South Torbia are diesel electric, and the fleet was modernized approximately five years ago.

Air Transportation Systems

South Torbia maintains both paved and unpaved runways of varying distances. Many of the unpaved runways are little more than cleared dirt strips and are not suitable for most modern aircraft.

South Torbia contains 34 airports with 16 known to have paved runways. The chart below shows the details for each runway. South Torbia’s known runways by length include the following:

Paved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 3
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 1
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 4
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 4
• Under 3,000 feet: 4

Unpaved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 0
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 0
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 1
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 3
• Under 3,000 feet: 14

Airfield Data

South Torbian Airfields

City	Island	Rwy Length (ft.)	Rwy Width (ft.)	Elev. (ft.)	DLAT	DLONG	Surface	Lights
Bamban	Luzon	971	50	262	15.3008	120.5914	Dirt	No
Tanay	Luzon	1235	50	1775	14.5347	121.3636	Dirt	No
Concepcion	Luzon	1237	50	118	15.3847	120.6244	Dirt	No
Alaminos	Luzon	1368	50	417	16.1436	120.0344	Dirt	No
Castillejos	Luzon	1640	50	187	14.9467	120.1903	Dirt	No
Magalang	Luzon	1677	50	151	15.2542	120.6775	Dirt	No
Masinloc	Luzon	1840	50	75	15.5808	120.0681	Dirt	No
Mangatarem	Luzon	1876	50	105	15.69	120.3303	Dirt	No
Tanauan	Luzon	1919	50	505	14.0969	121.1161	Grass	No
Cavite City	Corregidor	2004	50	23	14.3914	120.6072	Grass	No
Pinamalayan	Mindoro	2424	50	64	12.9864	121.4258	Asphalt	No
Rosales	Luzon	2625	50	107	15.8844	120.6019	Dirt	No
Tarlac City	Luzon	2648	50	144	15.425	120.6306	Grass	No
Mansalay	Mindoro	2780	50	35	13.4231	121.2017	Grass	No
Calatagan	Luzon	2827	50	92	13.8433	120.6336	Dirt	No
Binalonan	Luzon	2942	50	138	16.0503	120.5822	Concrete	No
Plaridel	Luzon	2953	50	19	14.8907	120.8527	Asphalt	Yes
Iba	Luzon	2953	50	11	15.326	119.9685	Concrete	Yes
Santa Cruz	Hermana Mayor	3261	50	0	15.7819	119.7928	Dirt	No
Lingayen	Luzon	3422	50	7	16.0351	120.2416	Asphalt	Yes
Santa Cruz	Hermana Menor	3581	50	0	15.7347	119.8244	Dirt	No
Lubang	Lubang	3969	50	43	13.8575	120.1081	Asphalt	Yes
Jomalig	Polillo	3991	50	37	14.7042	122.3308	Grass	No
Mamburao	Mindoro	4265	50	13	13.2081	120.6053	Asphalt	No
Lipa	Luzon	4953	50	1220	13.9544	121.1244	Asphalt	No
Polillo	Balesin	5010	50	25	14.4192	122.0392	Concrete	Yes
Santa Rosa	Luzon	5249	50	249	15.4339	121.0872	Asphalt	Yes
Paniqui	Luzon	5755	50	112	15.6744	120.6019	Dirt	No
San Jose	Mindoro	6024	98	14	12.3614	121.0467	Concrete	Yes
Cavite City	Luzon	7769	98	8	14.4913	120.8939	Asphalt	No
Morong	Luzon	9003	148	64	14.7942	120.2708	Asphalt	Yes
Floridablanca	Luzon	10390	148	11	14.9833	120.4833	Concrete	Yes
Mabalacat	Luzon	10499	200	484	15.1858	120.5597	Concrete	Yes
Parañaque	Luzon	12261	200	75	14.5083	121.0197	Asphalt	Yes

Airlines

South Torbia Airlines is the flagship carrier for South Torbia. South Torbia Airlines flies internationally to 23 countries across the world. Three international airports operate in South Torbia at Subic Bay, Clark, and Manila. Assuming all runways are in serviceable condition, South Torbia’s airport infrastructure can support major military operations.

Maritime Seaports

South Torbia has 6 seaports located along the South China Sea and the Toria Sea. There are 4 South Torbia ports that average more than 1 million tons of cargo throughput annually. The only ports that can accommodate Military Sea Lift (MSC) Commands Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off (LMSR) are the Port of Manila and the Port of Subic Bay. South Torbia’s largest and most productive port is the Port of Manila, which is the capital of South Torbia and lies on the mouth of the Pasig River in western Luzon Island and stretches along Manila Bay's eastern shores. The Port of Manila is about 645 nautical miles southeast of the Port of Hong Kong and about 880 nautical miles east-northeast of Saigon Port. The Port of Manila is also the country's main economic, cultural, and political center. Metropolitan Manila contains 17 cities and municipalities, including the Port of Manila. One of the world's most densely populated cities, the Port of Manila was home to almost 1.6 million people in 2000, but the metropolitan area had a populating of over 9.9 million. 

Port of Manila

The Port of Manila has a diverse economy. In addition to housing South Torgia’s major seaport, it is an important center for publishing and manufacturing. Products manufactured in the Port of Manila include textiles, chemicals, clothing, electronics, watches, leather goods, shoes, and iron and steel. Local businesses process commodities for export, including plywood, rope, refined sugar, coconut oil, and copra. The food, beverages, and tobacco sectors employ many of the city's residents. With more than a million visitors each year, tourism is a thriving and important economic sector in the Port of Manila. Except for the Port of Manila, every district in the city has its own public market where local commerce is busy, particularly in the early morning. The urban renewal program includes refurbishing some of these markets. The Port of Manila also has plenty of modern shopping malls and chain stores. The Port of Manila refers to the collective facilities and terminals that process maritime trade function in harbors that serve the Metro Manila Area.The South Torbia Ports Authority, a government-owned corporation, manages the Port of Manila and most of the public ports in the country. The Port of Manila is composed of 3 major facilities namely National Capital Region – North (NCR-N), National Capital Region – South (NCR-S), and the Manila International Container Terminal (MICT).The ports are open year round and handle cargo and passengers from around the world.

The NCR-N contains terminals for cargo, oil, and passengers. It handled over 6,861 vessels, 33,742,902 metric tons of cargo, and 1,292,508 passengers two years ago. The NCR-S contains terminals for cargo, oil, and passengers. NCR-S handled 5,025 vessels, 8,058,484 metric tons of cargo, and 43,508 passengers two years ago. The MICT serves as the largest and most important container port on the South China Sea, handling over 23,255,594 metric tons of cargo in the past two years from 2,082 vessels. NCR-N has seven piers and is accessible through Radial Road 10. Recent modernization efforts increased its capacity. It has been going through upgrades to the passenger terminal to increase efficiency.

NCR-S has five piers and two passenger terminals. It also operates two ferry terminals at pier 13 and 15. It is accessible by road on Bonafacio Drive. It is also undergoing modernization process to increase throughput

MICT is the main cargo terminal for South Torbia and can simultaneously service six vessels at a time. Its total length is 1,520 m, the entrance channel depth is 11.8 m with controlling depths of 10 – 12m. There are 14 cranes operating that have a max lift capacity of 200 metric tons. The container yard is 3.3 hectares and has a capacity of 4,836 twenty-foot equivalent units using an eight-tier stack. 

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Pipelines

South Torbia has 300 km of transmission pipelines and 500 km of distribution pipelines.  Most are natural gas pipelines that run from the western coast to the Manila metropolitan area. The Torbia-1 and Torbia-2 pipelines, owned by the Torbia National Oil Corporation, carry the natural gas from the coast to Manila and surrounding power plants. Twenty-four percent of the power in South Torbia comes from the fuels transported by these pipelines. 

Telecommunications Architecture

In South Torbia, most citizens can access a telephone and listen to a radio or television, and over 90% of the population has access to the internet. The deregulation of the telecommunications industry over 20 years ago led to major upgrades and increases of service providers for mobile, landline, internet, and other service providers. South Torbians operate approximately 30 million landlines and 60 million cell phones. The country has multiple radio stations that range from government owned, religious, pop culture, and music. There are two national television networks and approximately 50 local television stations providers with approximately 15 million subscribers (30% of the population.)

Industry

The South Torbian manufacturing infrastructure is modern and uses more robots during the process than any  other country in the region. The steel mills are being upgraded continually to increase production for use in the automotive and ATV industries.  A shift in the manufacturing industry has made a push towards high-tech precision goods. The process to manufacture these items are highly modern and robots complete at least 50% of the work. The preponderance of these are less than 10 years old and are continuously updated to ensure the most technologically advanced methods and components are used. The chemical industry uses practices that are approximately ten years old but ensures that they do not pollute the environment and are increasingly replacing human workers with robots.

Military operations must be aware of the manufacturing areas and ensure not to disrupt them as it is paramount to the survival of the country and continuing to maintain its status.

Agriculture

Less than 3.5 percent of South Torbians engage in agricultural work that accounts for only 2.3 percent of the country’s GDP. The bulk of South Torbian farms are small farms and family run. Irrigation is controlled by the South Torbian government, which recently implemented legislature to not charge small farmers to irrigate their fields. In the central region of South Torbia the crops are rain fed and irrigation is used in the low lands of South Torbia.

The major agriculture productions in the country are abaca, cashew, citrus fruit, coconut, lemon, maguey, mango, oil palm, pineapple, papaya, other fruits, and rubber, while annual crops are cabbage, cassava, corn, cotton, eggplant, garlic, onion, peanut, sweet potato, rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and vegetables.  The current agriculture production is not sufficient to sustain the population and the country must import grains and soybeans to meet the demand of the populace.  The government has placed increased emphasis on the agriculture sector to become more self-sufficient. 

Military operations must be cognizant as to not disrupt the agriculture as the already limited capacity would affect the nation greatly.  In addition, the farming methods have been brought in line with Western countries methods resulting in limited if any pollution to the soil and water table.

Oil/Gas

South Torbia has a very small oil infrastructure that only produces approximately 6,600 barrels of crude a day. The country must import oil to meet the demand in the country, which is equivalent to 215,800 barrels a day of oil to remain functioning.  There has been exploration done in the contested South China Sea to locate more oil but there has been limited success. The country has a reserve of approximately 1 billion million barrels of oil.

Military operations in the area must ensure that oil is continued to be imported to support the economy and citizens of the country to ensure development during and post hostilities.

South Torbia has focused on the exploration of natural gas resources in the contested South China Sea. Currently 30 percent of energy is consumed through natural gas. The city of Manila is currently planning to install Compressed Natural Gas fuel stations as they modernize the bus and vehicle fleets.

Defense Industries

South Torbia already had defense industries centered on self-defense and maintaining an economic exclusion zone around its islands. Like much of the manufacturing industry, focus is on high technology components, such as high-performance sensors for US-manufactured surface-to-air missiles, both for the US military and allies in the Middle East. This special relationship enabled conglomerates to access US defense-related technologies through licensing and collaborations on defense R&D. South Torbia does not currently possess a sufficiently developed industrial base to support a completely self-reliant defense sector, but seeks this as an eventual outcome. Military procurement is extensive and widespread to counter both the conventional and asymmetric threat from North Torbia. The current defense industrial complex is located in Luna (west of Manila).

Nuclear

South Torbia has one nuclear power plant that was decommissioned ten years ago. The plant is located 20 km south of San Antonio on the coast and 100 km west of Manila. The nuclear power plant was shut down as it was built near an active major fault line and a dormant volcano. The plant is currently still being maintained, as South Torbia does not possess the ability to safely dispose of the radioactive material. It has been claimed that the plant could be brought back in service in several months if required. The original design and construction is from 40 years ago.

Space

South Torbia has been has been actively pursuing its space program. It currently has a total of fourteen satellites in orbit; eight satellites for communications purposes, three for navigation purposes, and three for dedicated military imagery. They use partner nations’ rockets as delivery vehicles for their satellites as they are still developing their own launch capabilities. They are also currently working on sending their first astronaut into space. Currently there are no testing facilities or launch facilities in South Torbia but the government is planning to construct them in the next twenty years south of Manila to launch satellites and possible manned space flight.

Pollution

South Torbia has faced a wide range of pollution issues to include air pollution, ground water contamination, waste management, and pollution of lakes and rivers. Much of the pollution has been reduced by increased environmental regulation and enforcement of the laws. Air pollution, especially in the Manila metro area, can present a problem during times of heavy commuting. South Torbia has taken an aggressive stance on reducing the pollution throughout the country.