WEG MediaWiki

Difference between revisions of "Physical Environment: Nyumba"

(Inserted DATE Africa backbone from Amari Physical Environment)
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
''This page is a section of [[Nyumba]].''
+
<div style="font-size:0.9em; color:#333;" id="mw-breadcrumbs">
−
[[File:Amari Physical thumb.gif|thumb|462x462px|Physical Map of Amari (Placeholder)]]
+
[[Africa|DATE Africa]] &gt; [[Nyumba]] &gt; '''{{PAGENAME}}''' &larr;You are here
−
Amari is a moderately large country located in eastern Africa. It borders two major bodies of water: the Indian Ocean and Lake Victoria. The country’s terrain varies from high mountains and green plateaus to desert lowlands and coastal plains, with climates ranging from tropical to semiarid to sub-alpine. Multiple natural hazards exist, resulting from Amari’s geology, weather, native wildlife, and human activity.  
+
</div>
 +
[[File:Nyumba terrain map.PNG|thumb|Physical Map of Nyumba]]
 +
 
 +
Nyumba is a moderately large country located in eastern Africa. It borders one major body of water: the Indian Ocean and encompasses two others, Lake Turkana and Lake Logipi. The country’s terrain varies from significant  a rift valley, high mountains and arid desert lowlands, as well as coastal plains, with climates ranging from east, tropical to semiarid and in the west, warm desert and arid and humid near the coast.  
 +
 
 +
== Table of Physical Environment Data ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
!Measure
 
!Measure
Line 7: Line 12:
 
!Remarks
 
!Remarks
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Land Area (sq miles)'''
+
|'''Total Area (sq. miles)'''
−
|196,575
+
|165,340
 
|Includes inland water
 
|Includes inland water
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Land Border (miles)'''
+
|'''Land Area (sq. miles)'''
−
|3,158
+
|161,998
−
|Kujenga (516), Nyumba (774); Ziwa (437)
+
|Excludes inland water
 +
|-
 +
|'''Inland Water (sq. miles)'''
 +
|3,350
 +
|Includes Lake Turkana
 +
|-
 +
|'''Inland Border (miles)'''
 +
|1,937
 +
|Amari (773)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Coastline (miles)'''
 
|'''Coastline (miles)'''
−
|2,273
+
|1,654
−
|Indian Ocean (817), Lake Victoria (1,312), Lake Albert (144)
+
|Indian Ocean (983), Lake Turkana (627), Lake Logipi (44)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Arable (cultivated) Land (%)'''
+
|'''Highest Elevation (ft.)'''
−
|37%
+
|9,344
−
|Primarily in the west
+
|Mt Ng'iro
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Highest Elevation (ft)'''
+
|'''Lowest Elevation (ft.)'''
−
|19,341
+
|0
−
|Mt Kilimanjaro
+
|Sea level
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Lowest Elevation (ft)'''
+
|'''Arable (cultivated) Land (%)'''
−
|0
+
|
−
|sea level
+
|Primarily on the eastern coastal plain
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Permanent Crops (%)'''
 
|'''Permanent Crops (%)'''
−
|8%
+
|
 
|west
 
|west
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Permanent Pasture (%)'''
 
|'''Permanent Pasture (%)'''
−
|35%
+
|
 
|east
 
|east
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Irrigated Land (%)'''
 
|'''Irrigated Land (%)'''
−
|4%
+
|
 
|east
 
|east
 +
|-
 +
|'''Forested Land (%)'''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Urban Area (%)'''
 +
|
 +
|
 
|}  
 
|}  
  
 
== Terrain ==
 
== Terrain ==
−
Amari’s land area is 196,575 square miles in the eastern part of central Africa. It shares 3,158 miles of border with several different countries, including Kujenga and Ziwa to the south and Nyumba to the north, and two major bodies of water—the Indian Ocean and Lake Victoria. The country’s varied terrain includes mountainous highlands, high plateaus, deep valleys, lowland plains, and sandy beaches.
+
[[File:DATE Africa terrain regions map.PNG|thumb|DATE Africa Terrain Regions]]
 +
Nyumba’s land area is approximately 161,998 square miles in Eastern Africa. It shares a 773-mile land border with Amari and has three bodies of water—the Indian Ocean, Lake Turkana, and Lake Logipi, which lies just south of Lake Turkana. The country’s varied terrain includes mountainous highlands, high plateaus, deep valleys, lowland plains, and sandy beaches.
  
−
Roughly rectangular in shape, Amari’s long axis runs northwest to southeast. Beginning at the former, Amari’s northwest border runs along the Western Rift Valley and part of Lake Albert. Steep 1,000-ft high bluffs separate the valley from the western plateau, which includes part of Lake Victoria in the south. Continuing southeast, the mountainous central highlands come next and consist of two parts—western and eastern—that are divided by the Eastern Rift Valley. The east-central highlands descend to the eastern lowlands and then to the coastal plains on the Indian Ocean. Pemba Island (340 sq miles) lies southeast of the mainland and is the country’s southernmost land mass. The highest point in Amari is Mt. Kilimanjaro at 19,341 feet, while the lowest is at sea level on the Indian Ocean coast.
+
Irregular in shape, Nyumba’s long axis runs northwest to southeast. Beginning at the former, Nyumba’s southwest of its border runs parallel North Eastern Rift Valley which encompasses Lake Turkana. Mountain ranges run parallel to Nyumba’s north western border. The mountain ranges vary in elevation, 2,624 feet to its approximate highest elevations to 9,344 feet at the peak of Mount Ng'iro. Progressing eastward from Mount Ng'iro, the terrain becomes largely flat open desert with elevations ranging approximately 1,500 feet to 2,100 feet. Faza (73 sq. miles), Lamu (23 sq. miles), and Kiwayu (5 sq. miles) Islands lie southeast of the mainland. The highest point in Nyumba is at 9,344 feet, while the lowest is at sea level on the Indian Ocean coast.
  
 
== Border Disputes ==
 
== Border Disputes ==
−
The Tanga region, a small triangle of land defined by the far southeastern Amari border, the Pangani River, and the Indian Ocean formally belongs to Kujenga. However, its populace identifies with Amari, and wishes to join that country. Though the land is not disputed per se, the situation occasionally leads to political tensions between these two neighbors. Armed outbreaks occur episodically, primarily between the local populace and Kujengan security forces, though Amarian security forces have also been involved.
+
Geologic surveys estimate that large aquifers around Lake Turkana hold several decades’ worth of water in an area where surface water is scarce. These aquifers will likely become a source of contention between and Amari and Nyumba.
  
 +
The inability of Nyumba to protect its maritime economic exclusion zone has led to foreign overfishing in Nyumba’s waters. This has decimated Nyumba’s fisheries.
 
== Bodies of Water ==
 
== Bodies of Water ==
−
Amari’s most prominent bodies of water are the Indian Ocean to the east and Lake Victoria in the southwest. The country shares maritime borders on the Indian Ocean with Nyumba and Kujenga, and operates a major deepwater port at Mombasa. The ocean is a major source of fish, both for internal consumption and for export, which occasionally leads to quarrels between Amari and its neighbors. Recent discoveries of natural gas in Amarian waters could be another source of conflict.
+
[[File:Lake Turkana.jpg|thumb|Lake Turkana]]
 +
Nyumba’s largest bodies of water are the Indian Ocean to the east and Lake Turkana in the northwest. The country shares maritime borders on the Indian Ocean with Amari, with a deep-water port at Kismaayo and one in development at Lamu.
  
−
Lake Victoria is also a major fishing resource, shared between Amari, Kujenga, and Ziwa. The second-largest lake in the world and the largest tropical freshwater lake, it covers over 26,500 square miles and reaches a maximum depth of approximately 270 feet. Used for fishing, transportation, and drinking (despite pollution issues), the lake is also the subject of occasional disputes, particularly by those living near—or making their living from—the lake. These incidents typically increase in frequency and severity during periods of extended drought, when the lake can decrease significantly in size.
+
Lake Turkana is also a major fishing resource, shared between numerous tribes and roughly a quarter of a million people that depend on the lake to survive in this desolate region. It is the fourth largest lake in the region, covering over 2,400 square miles and reaching a depth of approximately 240 feet. Unlike the neighboring Great Lakes, it is alkaline. It is used for fishing, irrigation, watering of livestock and drinking water - despite its alkalinity. The lake is also the subject of occasional disputes, particularly by those living near — or making their living from—the lake.
  
−
Other prominent lakes in Amari include Lake Albert and Lake Kyoga. Lake Albert lies on the western border, and is shared with the country’s western neighbor. It has a surface area of around 2,100 square miles and a maximum depth of approximately 185 feet. Overfishing and pollution on the lake have decreased its usefulness to Amari in recent years, though it is used for transportation. Additionally, a recent discovery of a major petroleum deposit in the area is drawing considerable national and international interest. Lake Kyoga is located in western Amari, north of Lake Victoria and east of Lake Albert. It consists of a main east-west basin with two northern branches, known as Lake Kwania and Lake Kojweri. The entire body of water covers around 660 square miles and reaches a maximum depth of less than 25 feet. Swampy in nature, it is home to crocodiles as well as fish. Despite this, the lake is still navigable by shallow-draft steamer boats from Galiraya, on the southern shore, to its western end.
+
The only other prominent lake in Nyumba is Lake Logipi. It lies south of Lake Turkana, and like its northern neighbor, is highly alkaline. It has a surface area of around 43 square miles, decreasing during dry seasons. The maximum depth varies, but is rarely deeper than 22 feet.
  
−
Amari’s multiple rivers can be grouped into eastern or western, depending on which side of the Eastern Rift Valley they fall on. None of these rivers are navigable by deep-draft vessels, but portions of some of them can be used by small, shallow-draft craft such as steamboats. Navigable portions are usually located near larger bodies of water, such as the Indian Ocean or Lake Victoria. In the west, the most important river is the Victoria Nile, which consists of two distinct sections. The first starts at Lake Victoria and flows northward into Lake Kyoga, while the second flows out of Lake Kyoga and into Lake Albert. Three hydropower stations, all located on the first section of the river, supply around a third of country’s electricity.
+
Nyumba’s major rivers can be grouped into western or eastern, as the central portion of the country is desert and devoid largely of any major perennial rivers. Although lower in dry seasons, the Juba River is navigable by shallow bottom craft. The Turkwell River flows north from Mt. Elgon in Amari to the west-central shoreline of Lake Turkana. The Kiero River (79 miles before becoming intermittent), also flows from the north-central Amari highlands into Lake Turkana. In the east, all rivers drain to the Indian Ocean.  The perennial Juba runs south from Nyumba’s northwest frontier, and Lak Dera runs primarily eastward. Both merge into the Webi Shabeelle near (___________). Further south, the Tana River (621 miles) is the largest river by flow, and forms a considerable portion of the eastern border between Amari and Nyumba, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power. It is also prone to significant flooding.
  
−
The Albert Nile flows out of Lake Albert just north of where the Victoria Nile enters, and runs northward out of the country. The river forms a portion of the border between Amari and its western neighbor. The Mara River, in the south, forms part of the border between Amari and Ziwa. Other important rivers in the western half include the Acuwa, Kafu, Katonga, Lugo, Nzoia, Page, Suam, and Turkwel.
+
== Mobility Classification ==
−
 
+
[[File:75M4OB2 F0VO29IFA.jpg|thumb|Tana River]]
−
In the eastern part of the country, the Athi and Tsavo Rivers run primarily eastward, where they merge to form the Galani River that flows into the Indian Ocean. The Tana River forms a considerable portion of the eastern border between Amari and Nyumba to the north. It is used for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Pangani River forms part of the border between Amari and Kunjenga in the south. The only other major river in the east is the Ewaso Ngiro, which flows northward into Nyumba.
+
Movement in Nyumba is less restricted in the central plateau and lowland plains than in other regions. However, the numerous perennial and intermittent rivers scattered throughout central and eastern plateaus and lowland plains can restrict movement, especially in rainy seasons. Steep escarpments separate the North Eastern Rift Valley from its surrounding terrain; the valley contains five dormant volcanoes. While forests and steep terrain hamper movement near Mount Kulal the central plateau plains and coastal plains offer less restrictions aside from perineal rivers. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland in western Nyumba. Multiple rivers and streams—especially in the eastern half to the country—also challenge mechanized and motorized movement particularly during rainy seasons. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the eastern highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.
  
−
== Mobility Classification ==
+
'''<u>Insert geoprocessing of road/wash intersections</u>'''
−
Movement in Amari is less restricted in the western plateau and lowland plains than in other regions. Steep escarpments separate the two Rift Valleys from their surrounding terrain; both valleys contain active volcanoes. Glaciers exist on Amari’s highest peaks, while forests and mangroves hamper movement along the coastal plains. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland. Multiple rivers and streams—especially in the western half to the country—also challenge mechanized and motorized movement. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the central highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.
 
  
 
== Natural Hazards ==
 
== Natural Hazards ==
−
Both natural disasters and manmade hazards exist in Amari. Natural disasters include flooding, earthquakes, limited volcanic activity in the Rift Valleys, landslides, windstorms, and hailstorms. Frequent droughts, including one ongoing for the past two years, can lead to famine. Violent thunderstorms with gusty winds are common on and around Lake Victoria. Water pollution is an issue, caused by urban waste, industrial waste, and contamination by pesticides and fertilizer. Overharvesting of trees for fuel led to significant deforestation and in turn soil erosion and desertification, especially in the eastern lowlands. Unexploded ordnance, including landmines, can be found in previous conflict zones. Dangerous indigenous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats: big cats (e.g., lions), crocodiles, elephants, gorillas, hippopotamuses, hyenas, rhinoceroses, warthogs, and wild dogs.
+
Natural disasters include flooding, drought, and dust-storms. Frequent droughts often lead to famine. Contaminated water is a health issue, caused by poor/non-existent water purification standards. Water pollution and industrial waste to include contamination by pesticides and fertilizer has caused additional health concerns. Over-harvesting of trees for fuel led to significant deforestation, over grazing has led to soil erosion and desertification, especially in the central plains. Dangerous indigenous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats: big cats, crocodiles, elephants, gorillas, hippopotamus, hyenas, rhinoceros, warthogs, and feral dogs.
  
−
== Subterranean Environment ==
+
'''<u>Insert Thematic hazard map.</u>'''
−
The Amarian government has developed some underground facilities (UGFs), including structures to protect vital space program assets, bunkers for ammunition, and underground/hardened command posts. Subterranean systems used by criminal actors consist primarily of tunnels located on main smuggling routes, usually crossing the Amari-Kujenga border east of Lake Victoria. It is relatively easy to cross international borders in the region without detection, so tunnels are minimal in number and concentrated along routes more frequently patrolled by government forces. Insurgent use of such systems is minimal except in and around the Tanga region of Kujenga, where tunnels and underground rooms are used to avoid detection by local authorities. Natural caves are found throughout the country and in the Tanga region, and are used by criminals, insurgents, and local citizens alike.
 
  
 
== Vegetation ==
 
== Vegetation ==
−
Vegetation in Amari varies by topographical region. The Western Rift Valley and most of the western plateau consist primarily of savanna, with some forests in the swampy areas of the far southwest. The central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley contain most of the country’s forests, giving way to savanna in the far north and the east. The highest elevations are host to glaciers. The eastern lowlands are primarily grassland or desert scrub. The coastal plains have both grasslands and forested areas; mangrove forests grow on the coastline. Trees found in the country include both deciduous and evergreen, including species such as acacia, bamboo, baobob, cacti, candelabra, cedar, euphorbia, giant lobelia, groundsel, heath, miombo, papyrus, and podo.
+
Vegetation in Nyumba varies by topographical region. The North Eastern Rift Valley and most of the central and eastern plateaus consist primarily desert shrub and grassland savanna, with some forests around Mount Kulal and marshy areas of the far southeast. The central plains and North Eastern Rift Valley contain most of the country’s desert scrub, giving way to savanna in the Far East. The eastern lowlands are primarily grassland. The coastal plains have both grasslands and forested areas. Trees found in the country include both deciduous and evergreen, including species such mahogany, acacia, Croton, baobab, cacti, Sesbania, cedar, euphorbia, grevillea, groundsel, miombo, papyrus, and podo.
  
 
== Agriculture ==
 
== Agriculture ==
−
Amarian agriculture employs 60% of the labor force full-time and an additional 15% part-time, producing 30% of the national GDP. The western region plays a very important role in this sector. Over one-third of Amari’s land is arable. Most farming takes place in the highlands or on the western plateau; much of the remainder of the country is either used for pasture or covered with forests or scrub vegetation. Due to reasonable rainfall, most irrigation in the country occurs in the drier eastern region. Crops produced in Amari include bananas, beans, beets, cabbages, carrots, cashews, cassava, citrus fruit, cocoa, coconut, coffee, corn, cotton, flowers, fruit, groundnuts, khale, legumes, mango, millet, oats, onions, palms (oil), peppers, pineapple, plantains, potatoes, pyrethrum, rice, sisal, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, sweet potato, tea, tobacco, tomatoes, turnips, vegetables, and wheat. Of these, cashews, coffee, cotton, cut flowers, pyrethrum, sisal, and tea are exported. Despite the large agricultural economy, the country does not grow enough cereal grains to feed its populace.
+
[[File:75M4BGO KUBOR1TAL.jpg|thumb|Eastern coastal farm.]]
 +
Nyumbian agriculture employs 65% of the labor force full-time and an additional 7% part-time, producing 61% of the national GDP. The western region plays a very important role in this sector. Only 7.1% of Nyumba’s land is arable. Most farming takes place near Turkana and the western coastal regions along the Juba River; much of the remainder of the country is either used for pasture or primarily consists of desert scrub vegetation. Due to reasonable rainfall, most irrigation in the country occurs in the drier eastern region. Crops produced in Nyumba include bananas, sugar, sorghum, cow peas, sesame, maize, wheat, cassava, groundnuts, millet and beans. Sorghum, millet, cassava, maize, and wheat are exported. Despite the large agricultural economy, the country does not grow enough cereal grains to feed its populace and is often subjected to famines in times of drought.
  
 
== Livestock and Wildlife ==
 
== Livestock and Wildlife ==
−
Amarians have considerable livestock, especially in the drier regions where crop cultivation is more difficult. Common domesticated animals include bees, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and poultry. The country also boasts multiple types of wildlife, including aardvark, African buffalo, numerous different kinds of antelope, several species of big cat (cheetah, leopard, lion, wildcat), bush baby, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, hyena, hyrax, mongoose, many types of primate (baboon, chimpanzee, gorilla, monkey), rhinoceros, warthog, wild dog, and zebra. While some of these species are only found in national parks and game reserves in Amari, others are more widespread. Many of these species are endangered and protected by Amarian law. Poaching is a continuing problem, with elephants and rhinoceroses being the most common targets. A couple of Amari’s game reserves are shared by Nyumba to the north and at times have been a source of contention because of the lack of national security forces in the parks, ivory smuggling, big game poaching, and drug trafficking occur through the border preserves.
+
[[File:Tajammu-2.PNG|thumb|Nyumban Camels]]
 +
Nyumbians have considerable livestock, especially in the drier regions where crop cultivation is more difficult. Common domesticated animals include cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pig, bees, donkeys, and poultry. The fishing industry is largely dependent on tuna and lobster. The country also boasts multiple types of wildlife, including aardvark, African buffalo, numerous different kinds of antelope, several species of big cat (cheetah, leopard, lion, wildcat), bush baby, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, hyena, hyrax, mongoose, many types of primate (baboon, chimpanzee, gorilla, monkey), rhinoceros, warthog, feral dog, and zebra. While some of these species are only found in national parks and game reserves in Nyumba, others are more widespread.
 +
 
 +
'''<u>Insert park/game reserve reference map</u>'''
  
 
== Climate and Weather ==
 
== Climate and Weather ==
−
Amari has a widely varied climate depending on location and altitude. The Western Rift Valley and western plateau experience a tropical wet and dry climate defined by rainy and dry seasons. The central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley are temperate (highland climate), with the highest peaks experiencing a sub-alpine climate. The far-eastern central highlands and the eastern lowlands are primarily semiarid. The coastal plains are tropical, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.
+
Nyumba has a widely varied climate depending on location and Longitude. The North Eastern Rift Valley and central plateau experience a dry climate. The central highlands and North Eastern Rift Valley are temperate (highland climate), with the highest peaks experiencing a sub-alpine climate. The far-eastern central highlands and the eastern lowlands are primarily semiarid. The coastal plains are tropical, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.
  
 
=== Seasons ===
 
=== Seasons ===
−
Amari’s seasons center around the long rains and the short rains, which alternate with two distinct dry seasons. Most of the country experiences the long rains from approximately March through May, the short rains during September through December, and intervening dry seasons in June through August and January through February. In the central highlands, the two rains merge into one long rainy season from March through December, with a single dry season during January through March. The hottest months are January through March, while the coolest are July through August. Temperatures usually vary more from day to night than from season to season.
+
Nyumba’s seasons vary greatly depending on the region, but tend to center around the long rains and the short rains, which alternate with two distinct dry seasons. Juba and the Southern Coastal Region experiences the long rains from approximately March through June, the short rains during April through May in Wajir and Turkanan regions, with intervening dry seasons in June through February, August through October and June through September. The hottest months in the Southern Coastal Region are April, while the coolest are July through September. In the Turkana the hottest months are February through March, while the coolest month is January.  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
|+Seasons for Ariana, Atropia, Gorgas, Limaria, and North Caucasus (Donovia)
+
|+Nyumba Seasonal Phenomena
 
|'''Country/Season'''
 
|'''Country/Season'''
 
|'''Months'''
 
|'''Months'''
Line 95: Line 121:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Long Rains'''
 
|'''Long Rains'''
−
|March–May
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Dry'''
 
|'''Dry'''
−
|June–September
+
|
−
|continued rain in the central highlands
+
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Short Rains'''
 
|'''Short Rains'''
−
|October–December
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Dry'''
 
|'''Dry'''
−
|January–February
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=== Precipitation ===
 
=== Precipitation ===
−
Precipitation in Amari varies primarily by season and latitude. Though usually taking the form of rain, snow is possible at extremely high elevations. Precipitation generally increases from north to south and with altitude. Most of the country receives 40–60 inches of precipitation per year, with some areas in the two Rift Valleys and around Lake Victoria receiving 60–80 inches. The eastern lowlands are by far the driest regions of the country, receiving only 10-40 inches annually, while the coastal plains receive 40–80 inches.
+
Precipitation in Nyumba varies primarily by season and longitude. Though usually taking the form of rain, snow is possible, though rare, at extremely high elevations. The central and eastern lowlands are by far the driest regions of the country, receiving only around 10 inches annually, while the coastal plains receive an average of 15–31 inches annually.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average Rainfall (In)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Kismaayo
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lamu
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Garissa
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Marsabit
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lodwar
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Moyale
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
  
 
=== Temperature-Heat Index ===
 
=== Temperature-Heat Index ===
−
Monthly average high temperatures in Amari vary with elevation. Most of the country enjoys highs between 70–85°F, with the extreme elevations—above 8,000 feet—being cooler than this. Average highs in the eastern lowlands, the coastal plains, and the far north are hotter, ranging from 80–100°F. The combination of high temperatures and moderate to high relative humidity can quickly lead to both dehydration and heat exhaustion in the regions with lower altitudes.
+
Monthly average high temperatures in Nyumba vary with elevation. Most of the country enjoys highs between 70–85°F, with cooler temperatures above 7,000 feet. Average highs in the eastern lowlands, the coastal plains range from 77 to 87.8 °F; the far north is hotter, ranging from 86–102°F. The combination of high temperatures and moderate to high relative humidity can quickly lead to both dehydration and heat exhaustion at lower elevations.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average High Temperatures (F)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Kismaayo
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lamu
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Garissa
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Marsabit
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lodwar
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Moyale
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
  
 
=== Temperature-Wind Chill Index ===
 
=== Temperature-Wind Chill Index ===
−
Monthly average low temperatures in the highlands and plateau fall in the 40–55°F range, though lower temperatures can occur. The lowlands are warmer than this, while elevations over 8,000 feet may experience sub-zero temperatures and snow. The highest peaks in the country possesses a permanent snow cap. Cold and wind chill will not be an issue in the lower elevations, but can affect troops operating in the highlands.
+
Monthly average low temperatures in the highlands and plateau fall to the 72-76°F range, though lower temperatures can occur on the coastal region. A reduction in temperature by 6°C on average can be expected for each 1,000 meters increase in elevation. Cold and wind chill will not be an issue in the lower elevations, but can affect troops operating in the highlands.
 +
 
 +
'''<u>Insert temp/humidity thematic maps.</u>'''
  
 
=== Relative Humidity ===
 
=== Relative Humidity ===
−
Relative humidity in Amari is moderate to high in most regions. Average annual humidity in the Western Rift Valley and western plateau usually ranges from 65–80%, with level in the north and east being lower. Levels in the central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley average 55–70%, with higher altitudes experiencing higher relative humidity and vice versa. Averages in the eastern lowlands are also 55–70%, while those in the coastal plains are 65–80%.
+
Relative humidity in Nyumba ranges from low­–to–high depending on the regions. Average relative humidity in the North Eastern Rift Valley is between 40-58% depending on the month and central plateau usually ranges from 59–68% humidity, with levels in the north, central, and east being lower humidity levels. Levels in the central highlands and North Eastern Rift Valley average 55–70%, with higher altitudes experiencing higher relative humidity and vice versa. Averages in the eastern lowlands are also 60–65%, while those in the coastal plains are 65–80%.
  
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average Monthly Max Relative Humidity (%)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Kismaayo
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lamu
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Garissa
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Marsabit
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lodwar
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Moyale
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
 
=== Wind ===
 
=== Wind ===
−
Wind patterns change with the seasons in Amari and are associated with the dry seasons. The Kuzi monsoon winds blow from the southeast and peaks during the months of June through August. The winds then shift to the gentler northeast Kaskazi, which peak from December through March. Average wind speeds are less than 15 mph throughout most of the country. Though calmer when transitioning during the rainy seasons, the winds are strong enough to develop wind energy in certain areas. Thunderstorms with gusty winds are a frequent occurrence around Lake Victoria.
+
Wind patterns change with the seasons and by region of Nyumba and are associated with the dry seasons. Average wind speeds are less than 12 mph throughout most of the country, with the exception of the coastal region which can reach extremes of 22 mph. Though calmer when transitioning during the rainy seasons, the winds are strong enough to develop wind energy near Lake Turkana.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average Prevailing Wind Speed (Knots)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Kismaayo
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lamu
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Garissa
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Marsabit
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Lodwar
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Moyale
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
  
 
== Summary ==
 
== Summary ==
−
Amari’s terrain varies from rocky highland areas to flat lowland plains. The country’s rugged highlands create an obstacle for regional communication and make transport difficult. Natural disasters such as flood and drought will complicate missions. Troops must deal with extreme temperatures in the eastern lowlands, and high altitudes in parts of the central highlands. The spring-like weather in large portions of the highlands and western plateau will facilitate operations and maneuverability, as will the ease of mobility in the eastern lowlands.
+
Nyumba’s terrain varies from rocky highland areas to flat lowland plains. The country’s rugged highlands create an obstacle for regional communication and make transport difficult. Natural disasters such as flood and drought will complicate missions. Troops must deal with extreme temperatures in the western lowlands and high altitudes in near Mount Kulal. The high average spring-like temperatures in large portions of the highlands, central and western plateau will facilitate operations and maneuverability. The rivers in the western lowlands and coastal regions will likely severely hamper mobility during rainy seasons or floods.
−
{{:Africa Linkbox}}
+
 
 
[[Category:DATE]]
 
[[Category:DATE]]
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 
[[Category:Physical Environment]]
 
[[Category:Physical Environment]]

Latest revision as of 20:53, 2 July 2020

DATE Africa > Nyumba > Physical Environment: Nyumba ←You are here

Physical Map of Nyumba

Nyumba is a moderately large country located in eastern Africa. It borders one major body of water: the Indian Ocean and encompasses two others, Lake Turkana and Lake Logipi. The country’s terrain varies from significant  a rift valley, high mountains and arid desert lowlands, as well as coastal plains, with climates ranging from east, tropical to semiarid and in the west, warm desert and arid and humid near the coast.

Table of Physical Environment Data

Measure Data Remarks
Total Area (sq. miles) 165,340 Includes inland water
Land Area (sq. miles) 161,998 Excludes inland water
Inland Water (sq. miles) 3,350 Includes Lake Turkana
Inland Border (miles) 1,937 Amari (773)
Coastline (miles) 1,654 Indian Ocean (983), Lake Turkana (627), Lake Logipi (44)
Highest Elevation (ft.) 9,344 Mt Ng'iro
Lowest Elevation (ft.) 0 Sea level
Arable (cultivated) Land (%) Primarily on the eastern coastal plain
Permanent Crops (%) west
Permanent Pasture (%) east
Irrigated Land (%) east
Forested Land (%)
Urban Area (%)

Terrain

DATE Africa Terrain Regions

Nyumba’s land area is approximately 161,998 square miles in Eastern Africa. It shares a 773-mile land border with Amari and has three bodies of water—the Indian Ocean, Lake Turkana, and Lake Logipi, which lies just south of Lake Turkana. The country’s varied terrain includes mountainous highlands, high plateaus, deep valleys, lowland plains, and sandy beaches.

Irregular in shape, Nyumba’s long axis runs northwest to southeast. Beginning at the former, Nyumba’s southwest of its border runs parallel North Eastern Rift Valley which encompasses Lake Turkana. Mountain ranges run parallel to Nyumba’s north western border. The mountain ranges vary in elevation, 2,624 feet to its approximate highest elevations to 9,344 feet at the peak of Mount Ng'iro. Progressing eastward from Mount Ng'iro, the terrain becomes largely flat open desert with elevations ranging approximately 1,500 feet to 2,100 feet. Faza (73 sq. miles), Lamu (23 sq. miles), and Kiwayu (5 sq. miles) Islands lie southeast of the mainland. The highest point in Nyumba is at 9,344 feet, while the lowest is at sea level on the Indian Ocean coast.

Border Disputes

Geologic surveys estimate that large aquifers around Lake Turkana hold several decades’ worth of water in an area where surface water is scarce. These aquifers will likely become a source of contention between and Amari and Nyumba.

The inability of Nyumba to protect its maritime economic exclusion zone has led to foreign overfishing in Nyumba’s waters. This has decimated Nyumba’s fisheries.

Bodies of Water

Lake Turkana

Nyumba’s largest bodies of water are the Indian Ocean to the east and Lake Turkana in the northwest. The country shares maritime borders on the Indian Ocean with Amari, with a deep-water port at Kismaayo and one in development at Lamu.

Lake Turkana is also a major fishing resource, shared between numerous tribes and roughly a quarter of a million people that depend on the lake to survive in this desolate region. It is the fourth largest lake in the region, covering over 2,400 square miles and reaching a depth of approximately 240 feet. Unlike the neighboring Great Lakes, it is alkaline. It is used for fishing, irrigation, watering of livestock and drinking water - despite its alkalinity. The lake is also the subject of occasional disputes, particularly by those living near — or making their living from—the lake.

The only other prominent lake in Nyumba is Lake Logipi. It lies south of Lake Turkana, and like its northern neighbor, is highly alkaline. It has a surface area of around 43 square miles, decreasing during dry seasons. The maximum depth varies, but is rarely deeper than 22 feet.

Nyumba’s major rivers can be grouped into western or eastern, as the central portion of the country is desert and devoid largely of any major perennial rivers. Although lower in dry seasons, the Juba River is navigable by shallow bottom craft. The Turkwell River flows north from Mt. Elgon in Amari to the west-central shoreline of Lake Turkana. The Kiero River (79 miles before becoming intermittent), also flows from the north-central Amari highlands into Lake Turkana. In the east, all rivers drain to the Indian Ocean.  The perennial Juba runs south from Nyumba’s northwest frontier, and Lak Dera runs primarily eastward. Both merge into the Webi Shabeelle near (___________). Further south, the Tana River (621 miles) is the largest river by flow, and forms a considerable portion of the eastern border between Amari and Nyumba, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power. It is also prone to significant flooding.

Mobility Classification

Tana River

Movement in Nyumba is less restricted in the central plateau and lowland plains than in other regions. However, the numerous perennial and intermittent rivers scattered throughout central and eastern plateaus and lowland plains can restrict movement, especially in rainy seasons. Steep escarpments separate the North Eastern Rift Valley from its surrounding terrain; the valley contains five dormant volcanoes. While forests and steep terrain hamper movement near Mount Kulal the central plateau plains and coastal plains offer less restrictions aside from perineal rivers. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland in western Nyumba. Multiple rivers and streams—especially in the eastern half to the country—also challenge mechanized and motorized movement particularly during rainy seasons. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the eastern highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.

Insert geoprocessing of road/wash intersections

Natural Hazards

Natural disasters include flooding, drought, and dust-storms. Frequent droughts often lead to famine. Contaminated water is a health issue, caused by poor/non-existent water purification standards. Water pollution and industrial waste to include contamination by pesticides and fertilizer has caused additional health concerns. Over-harvesting of trees for fuel led to significant deforestation, over grazing has led to soil erosion and desertification, especially in the central plains. Dangerous indigenous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats: big cats, crocodiles, elephants, gorillas, hippopotamus, hyenas, rhinoceros, warthogs, and feral dogs.

Insert Thematic hazard map.

Vegetation

Vegetation in Nyumba varies by topographical region. The North Eastern Rift Valley and most of the central and eastern plateaus consist primarily desert shrub and grassland savanna, with some forests around Mount Kulal and marshy areas of the far southeast. The central plains and North Eastern Rift Valley contain most of the country’s desert scrub, giving way to savanna in the Far East. The eastern lowlands are primarily grassland. The coastal plains have both grasslands and forested areas. Trees found in the country include both deciduous and evergreen, including species such mahogany, acacia, Croton, baobab, cacti, Sesbania, cedar, euphorbia, grevillea, groundsel, miombo, papyrus, and podo.

Agriculture

Eastern coastal farm.

Nyumbian agriculture employs 65% of the labor force full-time and an additional 7% part-time, producing 61% of the national GDP. The western region plays a very important role in this sector. Only 7.1% of Nyumba’s land is arable. Most farming takes place near Turkana and the western coastal regions along the Juba River; much of the remainder of the country is either used for pasture or primarily consists of desert scrub vegetation. Due to reasonable rainfall, most irrigation in the country occurs in the drier eastern region. Crops produced in Nyumba include bananas, sugar, sorghum, cow peas, sesame, maize, wheat, cassava, groundnuts, millet and beans. Sorghum, millet, cassava, maize, and wheat are exported. Despite the large agricultural economy, the country does not grow enough cereal grains to feed its populace and is often subjected to famines in times of drought.

Livestock and Wildlife

Nyumban Camels

Nyumbians have considerable livestock, especially in the drier regions where crop cultivation is more difficult. Common domesticated animals include cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pig, bees, donkeys, and poultry. The fishing industry is largely dependent on tuna and lobster. The country also boasts multiple types of wildlife, including aardvark, African buffalo, numerous different kinds of antelope, several species of big cat (cheetah, leopard, lion, wildcat), bush baby, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, hyena, hyrax, mongoose, many types of primate (baboon, chimpanzee, gorilla, monkey), rhinoceros, warthog, feral dog, and zebra. While some of these species are only found in national parks and game reserves in Nyumba, others are more widespread.

Insert park/game reserve reference map

Climate and Weather

Nyumba has a widely varied climate depending on location and Longitude. The North Eastern Rift Valley and central plateau experience a dry climate. The central highlands and North Eastern Rift Valley are temperate (highland climate), with the highest peaks experiencing a sub-alpine climate. The far-eastern central highlands and the eastern lowlands are primarily semiarid. The coastal plains are tropical, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.

Seasons

Nyumba’s seasons vary greatly depending on the region, but tend to center around the long rains and the short rains, which alternate with two distinct dry seasons. Juba and the Southern Coastal Region experiences the long rains from approximately March through June, the short rains during April through May in Wajir and Turkanan regions, with intervening dry seasons in June through February, August through October and June through September. The hottest months in the Southern Coastal Region are April, while the coolest are July through September. In the Turkana the hottest months are February through March, while the coolest month is January.  

Nyumba Seasonal Phenomena
Country/Season Months Remarks
Long Rains
Dry
Short Rains
Dry

Precipitation

Precipitation in Nyumba varies primarily by season and longitude. Though usually taking the form of rain, snow is possible, though rare, at extremely high elevations. The central and eastern lowlands are by far the driest regions of the country, receiving only around 10 inches annually, while the coastal plains receive an average of 15–31 inches annually.

Monthly Average Rainfall (In)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Kismaayo val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lamu val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Garissa val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Marsabit val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lodwar val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Moyale val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Temperature-Heat Index

Monthly average high temperatures in Nyumba vary with elevation. Most of the country enjoys highs between 70–85°F, with cooler temperatures above 7,000 feet. Average highs in the eastern lowlands, the coastal plains range from 77 to 87.8 °F; the far north is hotter, ranging from 86–102°F. The combination of high temperatures and moderate to high relative humidity can quickly lead to both dehydration and heat exhaustion at lower elevations.

Monthly Average High Temperatures (F)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Kismaayo val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lamu val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Garissa val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Marsabit val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lodwar val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Moyale val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Temperature-Wind Chill Index

Monthly average low temperatures in the highlands and plateau fall to the 72-76°F range, though lower temperatures can occur on the coastal region. A reduction in temperature by 6°C on average can be expected for each 1,000 meters increase in elevation. Cold and wind chill will not be an issue in the lower elevations, but can affect troops operating in the highlands.

Insert temp/humidity thematic maps.

Relative Humidity

Relative humidity in Nyumba ranges from low­–to–high depending on the regions. Average relative humidity in the North Eastern Rift Valley is between 40-58% depending on the month and central plateau usually ranges from 59–68% humidity, with levels in the north, central, and east being lower humidity levels. Levels in the central highlands and North Eastern Rift Valley average 55–70%, with higher altitudes experiencing higher relative humidity and vice versa. Averages in the eastern lowlands are also 60–65%, while those in the coastal plains are 65–80%.

Monthly Average Monthly Max Relative Humidity (%)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Kismaayo val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lamu val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Garissa val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Marsabit val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lodwar val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Moyale val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Wind

Wind patterns change with the seasons and by region of Nyumba and are associated with the dry seasons. Average wind speeds are less than 12 mph throughout most of the country, with the exception of the coastal region which can reach extremes of 22 mph. Though calmer when transitioning during the rainy seasons, the winds are strong enough to develop wind energy near Lake Turkana.

Monthly Average Prevailing Wind Speed (Knots)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Kismaayo val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lamu val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Garissa val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Marsabit val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Lodwar val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Moyale val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Summary

Nyumba’s terrain varies from rocky highland areas to flat lowland plains. The country’s rugged highlands create an obstacle for regional communication and make transport difficult. Natural disasters such as flood and drought will complicate missions. Troops must deal with extreme temperatures in the western lowlands and high altitudes in near Mount Kulal. The high average spring-like temperatures in large portions of the highlands, central and western plateau will facilitate operations and maneuverability. The rivers in the western lowlands and coastal regions will likely severely hamper mobility during rainy seasons or floods.

Retrieved from "http://odin.ttysg.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Physical_Environment:_Nyumba&oldid=34644"