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Difference between revisions of "Physical Environment: Ziwa"

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[[Africa|DATE Africa]] > [[Ziwa]] > '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ←You are here  
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<div style="font-size:0.9em; color:#333;" id="mw-breadcrumbs">
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[[Africa|DATE Africa]] &gt; [[Ziwa]] &gt; '''{{PAGENAME}}''' &larr;You are here
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</div>
 
[[File:Ziwa terrain map.PNG|thumb|Physical Map of Ziwa]]
 
[[File:Ziwa terrain map.PNG|thumb|Physical Map of Ziwa]]
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Over 68% percent of Ariana’s people live in urban areas. Ariana has 12 metropolitan areas with populations over one million residents. Over 40% of Ariana residents (over 34 million of 77.9 million) live in Ariana’s 18 largest metropolitan areas.
+
 
 +
Ziwa is a relatively small country located in central Africa. It is a completely landlocked country that encompasses a portion of Lake Victoria, Lake Natron, and Lake Eyasi. The country’s terrain varies from significant a rift valley and lakes in East.  Arid desert lowlands and open savannah comprise a majority of the country.  Climates range from semiarid and in the west, warm desert and arid climate with increased humidity near Lake Victoria.  
  
 
== Table of Physical Environment Data ==
 
== Table of Physical Environment Data ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
!
+
|'''Measure'''
−
!
+
|'''Data'''
−
!
+
|'''Remarks'''
−
!
+
|-
 +
|'''Total Area (sq. miles)'''
 +
|43,116
 +
|Includes inland water
 +
|-
 +
|'''Land Area (sq. miles)'''
 +
|34,216
 +
|Excludes inland water
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|'''Inland Water (sq. miles)'''
 +
|8,900
 +
|Includes Lake Victoria
 +
|-
 +
|'''Inland Border (miles)'''
 +
|924
 +
|Amari (437), Kujunga (437)
 +
|-
 +
|'''Coastline (miles)'''
 +
|884
 +
|Lake Victoria (884)
 +
|-
 +
|'''Highest Elevation (ft.)'''
 +
|10,613
 +
|Jaeger Summit
 +
|-
 +
|'''Lowest Elevation (ft.)'''
 +
|1,913
 +
|Lake Natron
 +
|-
 +
|'''Arable (cultivated) Land (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Permanent Crops (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|'''Permanent Pasture (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Irrigated Land (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|'''Forested Land (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Urban Area (%)'''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 28: Line 67:
 
== Terrain ==
 
== Terrain ==
 
[[File:DATE Africa terrain regions map.PNG|thumb|DATE Africa Terrain Regions]]
 
[[File:DATE Africa terrain regions map.PNG|thumb|DATE Africa Terrain Regions]]
−
Amari’s land area is 196,575 square miles in the eastern part of central Africa. It shares 3,158 miles of border with several different countries, including Kujenga and Ziwa to the south and Nyumba to the north, and two major bodies of water—the Indian Ocean and Lake Victoria. The country’s varied terrain includes mountainous highlands, high plateaus, deep valleys, lowland plains, and sandy beaches.
+
Most of Ziwa sits at the center of the East Africa's Western Plateau, which is mostly savanna extending south of Lake Victoria.  The Eastern Highlands make up Ziwa's eastern border with Amari and is home to the Olduvai Gorge and Ngorogoro Crater, historical anthropological and wildlife sites. The border lakes, Eyasi and Natron, form the southern portion of East Africa's Eastern Rift Valley, extending northward through Amari and into Nyumba's Lake Turkana.  
  
 
== Border Disputes ==
 
== Border Disputes ==
−
The Tanga region, a small triangle of land defined by the far southeastern Amari border, the Pangani River, and the Indian Ocean formally belongs to Kujenga. However, its populace identifies with Amari, and wishes to join that country. Though the land is not disputed per se, the situation occasionally leads to political tensions between these two neighbors. Armed outbreaks occur episodically, primarily between the local populace and Kujengan security forces, though Amarian security forces have also been involved.
+
Ziwa is on good terms with both Amari and Kujenga with respect to border agreements. However, the southern and western borders with Kujenga are extremely remote and rarely patrolled by either country.
  
 
== Bodies of Water ==
 
== Bodies of Water ==
−
Amari’s most prominent bodies of water are the Indian Ocean to the east and Lake Victoria in the southwest. The country shares maritime borders on the Indian Ocean with Nyumba and Kujenga, and operates a major deepwater port at Mombasa. The ocean is a major source of fish, both for internal consumption and for export, which occasionally leads to quarrels between Amari and its neighbors. Recent discoveries of natural gas in Amarian waters could be another source of conflict.
+
Lake Victoria comprises the northwest corner of Ziwa which it shares with Amari and Kujenga. It is the largest tropical freshwater lake in the world. Over half a million Ziwans live on the lake's large islands.  Lakes Eyasi and Natron, by contrast, are shallow salt-water lakes with extreme seasonal variance in water levels. No significant rivers flow through Ziwa. The Mbalangeti River flows from the Eastern Highlands into Lake Victoria's Speke Gulf, 100 km northeast of Mwanza. Even smaller rivers flow into Ziwa's two other gulfs on the southern shore Lake Victoria.  Major wetlands and swamps characterize all of these river-lake boundary zones.    
  
 
== Mobility Classification ==
 
== Mobility Classification ==
−
Movement in Amari is less restricted in the western plateau and lowland plains than in other regions. Steep escarpments separate the two Rift Valleys from their surrounding terrain; both valleys contain active volcanoes. Glaciers exist on Amari’s highest peaks, while forests and mangroves hamper movement along the coastal plains. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland. Multiple rivers and streams—especially in the western half to the country—also challenge mechanized and motorized movement. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the central highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.
+
Since most of Ziwa sits on the fairly accessible Western Plateau, the main factor on mobility would be road quality rather than terrain for the majority of the country. 
 +
 
 +
Movement in Ziwa is most restricted along the Eastern Rift Valley and Eastern Highlands. Steep escarpments separate the two Rift Valleys from their surrounding terrain; both valleys contain active volcanoes. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland. Rivers, streams, and wetlands also challenge mechanized and motorized movement in this region. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the Eastern Highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.
  
 
== Natural Hazards ==
 
== Natural Hazards ==
−
Both natural disasters and manmade hazards exist in Amari. Natural disasters include flooding, earthquakes, limited volcanic activity in the Rift Valleys, landslides, windstorms, and hailstorms. Frequent droughts, including one ongoing for the past two years, can lead to famine. Violent thunderstorms with gusty winds are common on and around Lake Victoria. Water pollution is an issue, caused by urban waste, industrial waste, and contamination by pesticides and fertilizer. Overharvesting of trees for fuel led to significant deforestation and in turn soil erosion and desertification, especially in the eastern lowlands. Unexploded ordnance, including landmines, can be found in previous conflict zones. Dangerous indigenous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats: big cats (e.g., lions), crocodiles, elephants, gorillas, hippopotamuses, hyenas, rhinoceroses, warthogs, and wild dogs.
+
Both natural disasters and manmade hazards exist in Ziwa. Natural disasters include flooding, earthquakes, limited volcanic activity in the Rift Valleys, landslides, windstorms, and hailstorms. Frequent droughts can lead to famine. Violent thunderstorms with gusty winds are common on and around Lake Victoria. [[Ziwa Infrastructure#Pollution|Water pollution]] is an issue, caused by urban waste, industrial waste, and contamination by pesticides and fertilizer. Dangerous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats from African big game animals.
  
 
== Subterranean Environment ==
 
== Subterranean Environment ==
−
The Amarian government has developed some underground facilities (UGFs), including structures to protect vital space program assets, bunkers for ammunition, and underground/hardened command posts. Subterranean systems used by criminal actors consist primarily of tunnels located on main smuggling routes, usually crossing the Amari-Kujenga border east of Lake Victoria. It is relatively easy to cross international borders in the region without detection, so tunnels are minimal in number and concentrated along routes more frequently patrolled by government forces. Insurgent use of such systems is minimal except in and around the Tanga region of Kujenga, where tunnels and underground rooms are used to avoid detection by local authorities. Natural caves are found throughout the country and in the Tanga region, and are used by criminals, insurgents, and local citizens alike.
+
Negligible.  Though Ziwa has many gold and gem mines, these are mostly open pits.  
  
 
== Vegetation ==
 
== Vegetation ==
−
Vegetation in Amari varies by topographical region. The Western Rift Valley and most of the western plateau consist primarily of savanna, with some forests in the swampy areas of the far southwest. The central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley contain most of the country’s forests, giving way to savanna in the far north and the east. The highest elevations are host to glaciers. The eastern lowlands are primarily grassland or desert scrub. The coastal plains have both grasslands and forested areas; mangrove forests grow on the coastline. Trees found in the country include both deciduous and evergreen, including species such as acacia, bamboo, baobob, cacti, candelabra, cedar, euphorbia, giant lobelia, groundsel, heath, miombo, papyrus, and podo.
+
The Western Plateau is mostly open savanna and grassland.  Ziwa's densest vegetation is along the southern shores and islands of Lake Victoria and in small deciduous forests in the Eastern Highlands.  
  
 
== Agriculture ==
 
== Agriculture ==
−
Amarian agriculture employs 60% of the labor force full-time and an additional 15% part-time, producing 30% of the national GDP. The western region plays a very important role in this sector. Over one-third of Amari’s land is arable. Most farming takes place in the highlands or on the western plateau; much of the remainder of the country is either used for pasture or covered with forests or scrub vegetation. Due to reasonable rainfall, most irrigation in the country occurs in the drier eastern region. Crops produced in Amari include bananas, beans, beets, cabbages, carrots, cashews, cassava, citrus fruit, cocoa, coconut, coffee, corn, cotton, flowers, fruit, groundnuts, khale, legumes, mango, millet, oats, onions, palms (oil), peppers, pineapple, plantains, potatoes, pyrethrum, rice, sisal, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, sweet potato, tea, tobacco, tomatoes, turnips, vegetables, and wheat. Of these, cashews, coffee, cotton, cut flowers, pyrethrum, sisal, and tea are exported. Despite the large agricultural economy, the country does not grow enough cereal grains to feed its populace.
+
Ziwan farmland is almost entirely irrigated by rainfall and cultivated by subsistence farmers. Crops on the Western Plateau are cassava and other root vegetables. A small but growing aquaculture industry is developing along the southern shore of Lake Victoria.  
  
 
== Livestock and Wildlife ==
 
== Livestock and Wildlife ==
−
Amarians have considerable livestock, especially in the drier regions where crop cultivation is more difficult. Common domesticated animals include bees, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and poultry. The country also boasts multiple types of wildlife, including aardvark, African buffalo, numerous different kinds of antelope, several species of big cat (cheetah, leopard, lion, wildcat), bush baby, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, hyena, hyrax, mongoose, many types of primate (baboon, chimpanzee, gorilla, monkey), rhinoceros, warthog, wild dog, and zebra. While some of these species are only found in national parks and game reserves in Amari, others are more widespread. Many of these species are endangered and protected by Amarian law. Poaching is a continuing problem, with elephants and rhinoceroses being the most common targets. A couple of Amari’s game reserves are shared by Nyumba to the north and at times have been a source of contention because of the lack of national security forces in the parks, ivory smuggling, big game poaching, and drug trafficking occur through the border preserves.
+
To be published
  
 
== Climate and Weather ==
 
== Climate and Weather ==
−
Amari has a widely varied climate depending on location and altitude. The Western Rift Valley and western plateau experience a tropical wet and dry climate defined by rainy and dry seasons. The central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley are temperate (highland climate), with the highest peaks experiencing a sub-alpine climate. The far-eastern central highlands and the eastern lowlands are primarily semiarid. The coastal plains are tropical, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.
+
To be published
  
 
=== Seasons ===
 
=== Seasons ===
−
Amari’s seasons center around the long rains and the short rains, which alternate with two distinct dry seasons. Most of the country experiences the long rains from approximately March through May, the short rains during September through December, and intervening dry seasons in June through August and January through February. In the central highlands, the two rains merge into one long rainy season from March through December, with a single dry season during January through March. The hottest months are January through March, while the coolest are July through August. Temperatures usually vary more from day to night than from season to season.
+
To be published
 +
 
 +
=== Precipitation ===
 +
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
!
+
|+Monthly Average Rainfall (In)
−
!
+
!Location
−
!
+
!Jan
−
!
+
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Mwanza
−
|
+
|val1
−
|
+
|val2
−
|
+
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Shinyanga
−
|
+
|val1
−
|
+
|val2
−
|
+
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Ngorongoro
−
|
+
(Serengeti)
−
|
+
|val1
−
|
+
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
=== Precipitation ===
 
−
Precipitation in Amari varies primarily by season and latitude. Though usually taking the form of rain, snow is possible at extremely high elevations. Precipitation generally increases from north to south and with altitude. Most of the country receives 40–60 inches of precipitation per year, with some areas in the two Rift Valleys and around Lake Victoria receiving 60–80 inches. The eastern lowlands are by far the driest regions of the country, receiving only 10-40 inches annually, while the coastal plains receive 40–80 inches.
 
−
 
 
=== Temperature-Heat Index ===
 
=== Temperature-Heat Index ===
−
Monthly average high temperatures in Amari vary with elevation. Most of the country enjoys highs between 70–85°F, with the extreme elevations—above 8,000 feet—being cooler than this. Average highs in the eastern lowlands, the coastal plains, and the far north are hotter, ranging from 80–100°F. The combination of high temperatures and moderate to high relative humidity can quickly lead to both dehydration and heat exhaustion in the regions with lower altitudes.
 
  
−
=== Temperature-Wind Chill Index ===
+
{| class="wikitable"
−
Monthly average low temperatures in the highlands and plateau fall in the 40–55°F range, though lower temperatures can occur. The lowlands are warmer than this, while elevations over 8,000 feet may experience sub-zero temperatures and snow. The highest peaks in the country possesses a permanent snow cap. Cold and wind chill will not be an issue in the lower elevations, but can affect troops operating in the highlands.
+
|+Monthly Average High Temperature (F)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Mwanza
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Shinyanga
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Ngorongoro
 +
(Serengeti)
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
  
 
=== Relative Humidity ===
 
=== Relative Humidity ===
−
Relative humidity in Amari is moderate to high in most regions. Average annual humidity in the Western Rift Valley and western plateau usually ranges from 65–80%, with level in the north and east being lower. Levels in the central highlands and Eastern Rift Valley average 55–70%, with higher altitudes experiencing higher relative humidity and vice versa. Averages in the eastern lowlands are also 55–70%, while those in the coastal plains are 65–80%.
+
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average Maximum Relative Humidity (%)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Mwanza
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Shinyanga
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Ngorongoro
 +
(Serengeti)
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
  
 
=== Wind ===
 
=== Wind ===
−
Wind patterns change with the seasons in Amari and are associated with the dry seasons. The Kuzi monsoon winds blow from the southeast and peaks during the months of June through August. The winds then shift to the gentler northeast Kaskazi, which peak from December through March. Average wind speeds are less than 15 mph throughout most of the country. Though calmer when transitioning during the rainy seasons, the winds are strong enough to develop wind energy in certain areas. Thunderstorms with gusty winds are a frequent occurrence around Lake Victoria.
+
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Monthly Average Prevailing Wind Speed (Knots)
 +
!Location
 +
!Jan
 +
!Feb
 +
!Mar
 +
!Apr
 +
!May
 +
!Jun
 +
!Jul
 +
!Aug
 +
!Sep
 +
!Oct
 +
!Nov
 +
!Dec
 +
|-
 +
|Mwanza
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Shinyanga
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|-
 +
|Ngorongoro
 +
(Serengeti)
 +
|val1
 +
|val2
 +
|val3
 +
|val4
 +
|val5
 +
|val6
 +
|val7
 +
|val8
 +
|val9
 +
|val10
 +
|val11
 +
|val12
 +
|}
 +
 
 
== Summary ==
 
== Summary ==
−
Ariana’s oil and gas infrastructure does not operate at optimal efficiency due to a broad mix of equipment and technology from several foreign countries and a lack of spare parts for some of its Western equipment. The Arianian hydrocarbon industry continues to rely on technology that is over 40 years old and susceptible to mechanical breakdown. While Ariana continues to build new infrastructure mainly in the form of pipelines to transport oil and natural gas around its country, the government spends its money on these new projects while failing to maintain the hydrocarbon infrastructure already in place.
+
To be published
−
{{:Africa Linkbox}}
+
 
 
[[Category:DATE]]
 
[[Category:DATE]]
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 
[[Category:Ziwa]]
 
[[Category:Ziwa]]
 
[[Category:Physical Environment]]
 
[[Category:Physical Environment]]

Latest revision as of 20:55, 2 July 2020

DATE Africa > Ziwa > Physical Environment: Ziwa ←You are here

Physical Map of Ziwa

Ziwa is a relatively small country located in central Africa. It is a completely landlocked country that encompasses a portion of Lake Victoria, Lake Natron, and Lake Eyasi. The country’s terrain varies from significant a rift valley and lakes in East.  Arid desert lowlands and open savannah comprise a majority of the country.  Climates range from semiarid and in the west, warm desert and arid climate with increased humidity near Lake Victoria.  

Table of Physical Environment Data

Measure Data Remarks
Total Area (sq. miles) 43,116 Includes inland water
Land Area (sq. miles) 34,216 Excludes inland water
Inland Water (sq. miles) 8,900 Includes Lake Victoria
Inland Border (miles) 924 Amari (437), Kujunga (437)
Coastline (miles) 884 Lake Victoria (884)
Highest Elevation (ft.) 10,613 Jaeger Summit
Lowest Elevation (ft.) 1,913 Lake Natron
Arable (cultivated) Land (%)
Permanent Crops (%)
Permanent Pasture (%)
Irrigated Land (%)
Forested Land (%)
Urban Area (%)

Terrain

DATE Africa Terrain Regions

Most of Ziwa sits at the center of the East Africa's Western Plateau, which is mostly savanna extending south of Lake Victoria. The Eastern Highlands make up Ziwa's eastern border with Amari and is home to the Olduvai Gorge and Ngorogoro Crater, historical anthropological and wildlife sites. The border lakes, Eyasi and Natron, form the southern portion of East Africa's Eastern Rift Valley, extending northward through Amari and into Nyumba's Lake Turkana.

Border Disputes

Ziwa is on good terms with both Amari and Kujenga with respect to border agreements. However, the southern and western borders with Kujenga are extremely remote and rarely patrolled by either country.

Bodies of Water

Lake Victoria comprises the northwest corner of Ziwa which it shares with Amari and Kujenga. It is the largest tropical freshwater lake in the world. Over half a million Ziwans live on the lake's large islands. Lakes Eyasi and Natron, by contrast, are shallow salt-water lakes with extreme seasonal variance in water levels. No significant rivers flow through Ziwa. The Mbalangeti River flows from the Eastern Highlands into Lake Victoria's Speke Gulf, 100 km northeast of Mwanza. Even smaller rivers flow into Ziwa's two other gulfs on the southern shore Lake Victoria. Major wetlands and swamps characterize all of these river-lake boundary zones.

Mobility Classification

Since most of Ziwa sits on the fairly accessible Western Plateau, the main factor on mobility would be road quality rather than terrain for the majority of the country.

Movement in Ziwa is most restricted along the Eastern Rift Valley and Eastern Highlands. Steep escarpments separate the two Rift Valleys from their surrounding terrain; both valleys contain active volcanoes. Mountainous terrain and rough roads make it hard to transport troops and equipment overland. Rivers, streams, and wetlands also challenge mechanized and motorized movement in this region. Roads can become flooded during the rainy season, making them impassable. These rains also greatly affect visibility for reconnaissance and air operations. Foot movement is also limited in the Eastern Highlands by the negative effects of the high altitudes.

Natural Hazards

Both natural disasters and manmade hazards exist in Ziwa. Natural disasters include flooding, earthquakes, limited volcanic activity in the Rift Valleys, landslides, windstorms, and hailstorms. Frequent droughts can lead to famine. Violent thunderstorms with gusty winds are common on and around Lake Victoria. Water pollution is an issue, caused by urban waste, industrial waste, and contamination by pesticides and fertilizer. Dangerous wildlife include disease-carrying mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as more traditional threats from African big game animals.

Subterranean Environment

Negligible. Though Ziwa has many gold and gem mines, these are mostly open pits.

Vegetation

The Western Plateau is mostly open savanna and grassland. Ziwa's densest vegetation is along the southern shores and islands of Lake Victoria and in small deciduous forests in the Eastern Highlands.

Agriculture

Ziwan farmland is almost entirely irrigated by rainfall and cultivated by subsistence farmers. Crops on the Western Plateau are cassava and other root vegetables. A small but growing aquaculture industry is developing along the southern shore of Lake Victoria.

Livestock and Wildlife

To be published

Climate and Weather

To be published

Seasons

To be published

Precipitation

Monthly Average Rainfall (In)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mwanza val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Shinyanga val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Ngorongoro

(Serengeti)

val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Temperature-Heat Index

Monthly Average High Temperature (F)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mwanza val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Shinyanga val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Ngorongoro

(Serengeti)

val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Relative Humidity

Monthly Average Maximum Relative Humidity (%)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mwanza val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Shinyanga val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Ngorongoro

(Serengeti)

val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Wind

Monthly Average Prevailing Wind Speed (Knots)
Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mwanza val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Shinyanga val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12
Ngorongoro

(Serengeti)

val1 val2 val3 val4 val5 val6 val7 val8 val9 val10 val11 val12

Summary

To be published

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