Infrastructure: Olvana

This page is a section of Olvana.

While the region’s five major countries have a significant number of rural residents, more than half of Olvana’s residents live in urban areas (57.9 percent). The country contains a mixture of modern urban cities and primitive rural villages. Modern utilities are predominantly in the major cities and at reasonable levels throughout the rural countryside. Ninety-nine percent of the nation has access to electricity with 100 percent of urban areas and 99.8 percent of rural areas respectively.   Ninety-five percent of Olvana has access to potable water, while only 76.5 percent of the nation having access to sanitation systems (predominantly in the developed urban areas).

The Olvana infrastructure is modern and continues to improve as the urbanization continues. Significant emphasis is placed on the modernizing of the infrastructure in the past 20 years. Olvana has a state of the art mass transit system.  The Olvanese government continues to subsidize the mass transit system to increase ridership and decrease congestion on the roads and air pollution.  Airports range from large international airports that can handle almost any aircraft currently in production to small-unimproved dirt strips.  Seaports are modern and can handle all modern cargo vessels. The country recently suffered from high levels of pollution in the urban areas and the government has made policies to combat pollution in urban environments.  Air pollution has improved significantly but ground and water pollution are still way above acceptable western levels.

Construction Patterns

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Major Olvanian Cities and Urban Zones

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Shanghai

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City

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City

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Population Density

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Utilities Present

The Pacific faces a dichotomy when it comes to utilities present such as electricity, water, and sewage treatment. The majority of urban households can access modern utilities, but the rural areas have a more limited access to a number of them.  Rural areas still have a communal water source and twin vault alternating pit latrines.

Power

Olvana produces enough power to be able to export approximately 15 billion kWh while importing only 4 billion kWh. 99.9 percent of the population has access to electricity with 100 percent of urban areas having electricity and 99.8 percent of the rural areas having access to electricity.  Olvana produces 49 percent of its electricity from fossil fuels, the remaining energy needs are provided by nuclear (2%), hydroelectric (20.2%), and solar / wind (13.7%).   There are a total of 12 hydroelectric plants throughout the country.  The limited impact of the solar and wind power is due to outdated transmission grid and requires updating to make any substantial impact.

Name	Location* (Latitude/Longitude)	Current Operational Reactors	Reactors Under Construction
*Estimated Location Only

Water

Nearly all of the population in urban areas (97.5 percent) in Olvana have access to improved potable water. As areas become more rural, only 93 percent have access relying on local sources (rivers and streams) or community wells.

The urbanization of the population has caused significant strain on water delivery systems; the government has initiated projects to improve the water quality and access. In many of the rural areas, the water is polluted from spills from either factories, raw sewage or illegal dumping. Rural Olvanese have nearly over 10% of their water supply that is not safe to use even for irrigation due to heavy metal contamination. Military personnel should find potable water in the urban areas but may see a shortage in the rural areas.  Prior to use of any local water source they should be tested and potentially treat for contamination.

Sewage

Olvanese that reside in the urban areas have access to some sort of sewage system.  86.6% of residents have access to improved sanitation services. 13.4% of residents have access to unimproved facilities (pit latrines).  In the rural areas, only 63.7% of the population has access to improved sewage (septic / modern pipes); the remaining 36.3% have access to twin vault alternating pit latrines.  Only a small portion of the wastewater is treated which has led to contamination of 61.5 percent of groundwater and 28.8% of key rivers being determined to be not suitable for human contact. Due to limited wastewater treatment facilities, most domestic wastewater is discharged without treatment.  Five years ago the government has dramatically increased the emphasis on reducing pollution to include water contamination.  The government has several projects approved for modernizing the sewage system in both urban and rural areas.

Transportation Architecture

Roads are the primary transportation method throughout Olvana.  The rail network of the country is very modern as it has been upgraded or installed in the past 15 years to support mass transit.  The government has invested and subsidized mass transit over the past 12 years to help reduce pollution and congestion.  The majority of roads are in good condition as they are paid for through a toll system and private companies.

Road Systems

Overall, roads in Olvana meet US or Western European standards.  The exception will be in the rural and smaller villages that still have something a little wider than a footpath to get through them.  Driving can be hazardous as the enforcement of traffic laws vary greatly across the nation.  In general, drivers drive chaotic and unregulated, Olvana has one of the highest rate of accidents in the region.  Of note, that pedestrians do not have the right of way when crossing a road (even at a crosswalk).  Due to large amounts of congestion on the roadways, the drivers will drive very aggressively. 

Olvana has a vast national road network of 4,602,150 km that includes 4,100,225 km of paved roads.  The road network consists mainly of three types of national roads: Freeways, Olvana National Highways, and Express Routes.  Freeways are toll roads that are unencumbered by stoplights / signs and cross traffic is separated.  Olvana National Highways are trunk roads across the country they may have portions that are toll roads.  Express routes are freeways that run through the major urban areas.  The government of Olvana does not maintain any of road networks as that is left to for profit businesses and the local cities, towns and villages. Most urban roads have heavy traffic and are viewed as dangerous because of aggressive driving habits.

Military traffic / convoys on the road networks will be stressed due to large amounts of traffic and the aggressive driving nature of the Olvanese and impatience to wait in traffic.

Bus

All towns and villages have at least daily bus traffic through the area.  The majority of urban areas will have multiple bus stations that have regularly scheduled departure to points around the city or cross country routes. The bus companies are independently owned and operated.  The buses run both in the major metropolitan areas and to the more rural areas.  Due to relatively low cost of other methods of public transportation (bullet trains / subway), buses are typically used for shorter distance travel within major urban areas and between rural towns and villages.

Buses operate throughout Olvana, providing mainly travel to the civilian population within the urban areas. Very few Olvanese use them for long distance travel, as there are other more efficient and reliable ways to move around the nation. The buses used by the private companies do not come from any predominant company. Many of the buses have air conditioning and have been upgraded to be electric for operation in the city. Many of the major bus companies originate their lines from the major metropolitan areas and then run to the more rural areas.  The Olvanese government has been subsidizing the bus system to help pay for upgrades to the mass transit system and in an effort to decrease pollution.

Any military operations in the country that affect the bus system may cause strain on the mass transportation system and cause extended delays resulting in a decreased perception of military forces by the civilian population.

Rail

The country has 110,000 km of rail in the country, with 75,000 km of rail currently electrified and 22,000 km being high speed rail.  Olvana approved several projects to modernize the rail system over the past 15 years to improve commuter travel throughout the nation.  The main project is a high-speed rail line to help decrease pollution and congestion throughout the country.  Olvana rail consists of standard gauge (1.435 m) which is in use by the neighboring countries.  The locomotives used in Olvana are diesel or electric.  Of note 28 of 33 provinces are connected by high speed rail.

Air Transportation Systems

All five countries maintain both paved and unpaved runways of varying distances. Many of the unpaved runways resemble cleared dirt strips not suitable for most modern aircraft.

Olvana contains 300 airports. Very little is known about the unpaved runways in Olvana.  The map shows the location of all the major airports and the chart below shows the details for each runway.  Of note, less than 33 percent of the airspace is allocated to civilian aircraft. During times of military exercises that can be decreased to less than 25 percent that causes an already stressed system that have hours of delays and hundreds of cancelled flights.   Olvana’s known runways by length include the following:

Paved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 71
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 150
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 115
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 25
• Under 3,000 feet: 86

Name	Location	Length (m)	Surface	Elevation (ft)
Beijing Capital International Airport	40°04′21″N 116°35′51″E	3,810	Asphalt / Concrete	115
Xian Xianyang International Airport	34°26′16.1″N108°45′23.6″E	3,800	Concrete	1,572
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport	30°34′42″N 103°56′49″E	3,600	Asphalt / Concrete	1,624
Kunming Changshui International Airport	25°06′7″N 102°55′45″E	4,500	Asphalt	6,900
Shanghai Pudong International Airport	31°08′36″N 121°48′19″E	4,000	Concrete	13.12
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport	31°11′53″N 121°20′11″E	3,400	Asphalt	9.843
Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport	30°14′13.6″N120°25′55.0″E	3,600	Concrete	22.97
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport	23°23′33″N 113°17′56″E	3,800	Concrete	49
Hong Kong International Airport	22°18′32″N 113°54′52″E	3,800	Asphalt	28

Airports/Airlines

Air Olvana Airlines is the flagship carrier for Olvana.  Air Olvana Airlines flies internationally to 14 countries across the world.  Multiple international airports operate in Olvana predominately on the west coast and central area.  Olvana possess enough airports to support major military operations.  The airlines do not travel on time and are plagued with cancelled flights and hours long delays.

Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems

The Olvana fleet consists of 697 cargo ships, 1,040 bulk carrier ships, 400 petroleum, and 150 container ships.

Port	Berths	Berth Size	Storage Yard	TEU capacity	Additional Comments
Shanghai	125	82 berths can accommodate 10 thousand DWT and above	293k sq meters of warehouses and 4.7million sq meters of storage yards	36,516,000	Mainly government controlled – limited civilian investment
Shenzen	16	Deep water	921.7 acres of storage	24,142,000	Fastest growing port in country
Ningbo	315	74 Natural deep water	High capacity	20,636,000	Main uses stevedoring, transfer and storage of iron ore imports, handling both foreign and domestic containers. Major cargoes also include bulk cargoes, crude oil, product oil, liquid chemical products, grains, and coal
Quinhuangdao	50	44 deep water
Tianjin	100	Not deep water	865+ acres of storage additional liquid and refrigeration storage	13,881,000
Qingdao	62	Deep water	272 acres	17,323,000
Dalian	80	38 Deep water	74 acres of warehouses; 445 million acres of storage	9,591,000

Pipelines

Olvana has 70,000 km of gas pipelines, 20,000 km of crude oil pipelines, 23,000 km of refined petroleum products pipelines, and 700,000 km of water pipelines.  The gas pipelines along the west coast from the southernmost point to the northern border, they also run from the northeast boarder to Shanghai.  Three of the pipelines cross in to adjacent countries.  The crude oil pipelines follow generally the same routs.  These pipelines are government owned and operated.  The gas pipelines are extremely vital to the infrastructure as they provide the natural gas to use for heat and power and move away from coal.

Telecommunications Architecture

In Olvana, almost all citizens can access a telephone and listen to a radio or television, and over 54 percent of the population has access to the internet.  Approximately 10 years ago the countries six telecommunications companies were merged to create three telecommunications companies.  Olvanese operate approximately 230 million landlines and a billion cell phones.  The country has approximately 1000 stations that are government owned.  The government operates all television stations. Cable is the main provider of television channels.  (See Information variable for additional details.)

Agriculture

8.5 percent of Olvanese engage in agricultural work, which account for only 10 percent of the country’s GDP. The bulk of Olvanese farms are medium sized farms.  The major agriculture productions in the country are wheat, sorghum, millet, barley, soybeans, rice, and radishes.  The current agriculture production is sufficient to sustain the population and the country exports grains and meat to meet the demand of the populace.

Industry

The Olvana industrial complex is the number one producer of steel in the world, the largest consumer / producer of chemicals accounting for 1/3rd of the global demand.  Manufacturing comprise roughly 46.6 percent of the GDP. With the government, relaxing some of the restrictions on private investments and ownership has caused an increase in industries.  Military operations must be aware of the manufacturing areas and ensure not to disrupt them.

Oil/Gas

Olvana is the world’s largest oil importer.  It comes from a pipeline in the north and is brought by ships to the ports.  Olvana has a very large oil infrastructure that produces approximately 10,155,000 barrels of crude a day.  The country must import oil to meet the demand in the country, which is equivalent to 960,000 barrels a day of oil to remain functioning. There has been exploration done in the contested South China Sea to locate more oil but there has been limited success.

Military operations in the area must ensure that oil is imported to support the economy and citizens of the country to ensure development during and post hostilities.

Olvana has been producing the most natural gas that it has in the past 40 years and it still does not meet the demand in the country.  There are two main pipelines that natural gas in from neighboring countries.  The shift to cleaner burning fuels is done in response moving away from coal to decrease the air pollution.  The neighboring countries have the ability to shut off the pipelines in the event hostilities.

Defense Industries

The defense industry in Olvana is growing with the recent opening of the defense industry to commercial investors. This defense industry exports aircraft, tankers, air defense equipment, weapons, ammunition, and munitions to developing nations.  The sales serve both commercial and strategic purposes.  Olvana is currently developing a laboratory complex to further research and development of military capabilities.  The Olvana Defense Minister recently sealed a deal for an Olvanese arms factory to build a production and maintenance facility for Olvanese weapons in Belesia.

Nuclear

Olvana has a nuclear power program and possesses nuclear weapons.  They currently have 30 nuclear power plants that produce approximately 2% of the nation’s power.  All of the nuclear plants have been built in the past 20 years and are presumed to be safe. The country has not signed any nuclear non-proliferation or destruction treaties.  Olvana is believed to possess approximately 500 nuclear warheads. There is an extensive unground network of tunnels throughout the country where the warheads and missiles are stored to protect them from attack from aircraft, artillery and missiles.

Space

Olvana has been has been actively pursuing its space program.  It currently has 23 satellites for communications and navigation purposes in orbit.  They have been advancing their rocket program as delivery vehicles for their satellites. They are also currently working on developing a space station.

Pollution

Olvana faces a wide range of pollution issues to include air pollution, ground water contamination, and pollution of lakes and rivers.  Much of the pollution stems from the lack of environmental regulation and the industrial boom in the late 20th century.   With the government, running all the industry during that time there was little concern for the environment.  Air pollution especially in the major cities is among the worst in the world.  The use of coal to heat buildings and provide power has created a smog level that is the intolerable.  The main pollutants from the industrial sector are from heavy metals (lead, mercury, chromium). Olvana has taken an aggressive stance on reducing the pollution throughout the country and has improved air quality by over 30% in the past 10 years.  The government is actively enforcing antipollution and environmental regulations.

Summary

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