Infrastructure:Framland

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Framland enjoys a well‐developed and modern infrastructure, which is adequately funded and maintained in good working order. The transportation system is good and serves the whole country; only in the extreme north does it become somewhat sparse. In addition, the country is well served by an integrated road and rail system. The major road north runs very close to the border with Torrike and Framland has an agreement with Torrike that allows their vehicles free use of this system (and easy cross border travel), with an annual “fee” paid by the Framland Treasury to Torrike.

Framland has a network of regional airports, all of which are also used periodically by the military. The country also possesses a range of modern and efficient ports that handle the full range of imports and exports. Framland generates more than 70% of its energy requirements internally through renewable sources. Oil is still imported for fuel purposes, but the refining is done in country and Framland’s refineries also process crude oil for other nations.

The power distribution network is robust in the southern and more heavily populated part of the country and has considerable redundancy. A major investment program in smart grid networks is being contemplated after a successful pilot in Freja. The telecoms and broadband network throughout the country is both modern and well maintained. Considerable investment has been made in fiber-optic cable networks for telecommunications and the majority of military communications already use such networks. Mobile phone coverage is extremely good throughout the country and considerable redundancy is built into the system. Much of the country’s infrastructure is dual use military/civil and all military infrastructure is required to be available for civil use when circumstances dictate. Potential military use is always considered during the planning of major infrastructure projects. For example several stretches of motorway are capable of acting as aircraft runways and shelter areas suitable for use as a Forward Operating Base (FOB) are provided. The military infrastructure is relatively well maintained.

Framland has an extensive network of facilities covering the whole spectrum of civil and military activities.

Political context. The development and maintenance of Infrastructure in Framland is carefully controlled at Governmental level and is driven to satisfy support to the economy. The development of infrastructure has always been seen as a high national priority and there have been numerous long term infrastructure projects implemented since the 1950s. However, since the end of the Cold War, a succession of Framland Governments have concluded that investment in national Infrastructure would enable them to peruse their aims of maintaining a competitive edge within the region.

Utilities Present

All Framlands’ utilities are state owned and run. Framland possesses a mix of renewable and power generation plants and has effective water and waste management structures. Framland possesses no domestic sources of fossil energy and must import substantial amounts of petroleum, natural gas and other energy resources.

Power

Framlands’ energy policy is focused on hydroelectricity. The electricity production in Framland is dominated by hydro power (48%), supported by thermal fossil fuel (24%), wind farms (15%) and biomass (13%). Demand for energy production has remained fairly constant since 1990. An indicative list of the power stations, by category, is listed in the tables below for information.

Fossil Fuel Power Stations in Framland

Name	Location	Type	Capacity MWe	Status
Källsjön Power Station	Källsjön	Coal	100	Operational
Bjästa Power Station	Bjästa	Coal	85	Operational
Gottne Power Station	Gottne	Fuel oil	118	Operational
Hamm Power Station	Hamm	Coal and fuel oil	75	Operational
Allsta Power Station	Allsta	Coal, natural gas and biogas	55	Operational
Iggesund Power Station	Iggesund	Natural gas	70	Operational
Ljusne Power Station	Ljusne	Coal and natural gas	55	Operational
Bollnäs Power Station	Bollnäs	Coal	45	Operational
Gideå Power Station	Gideå	Coal	45	Operational

Biomass and Peat Power Stations in Framland

Name	Location	Type	Capacity MWe	Status
Älglund Power Station	Älglund	Biomass and peat	25	Operational
Roberstsfors Power Station	Roberstsfors	Peat	25	Operational
Björna Power Station	Björna	Biomass and peat	30	Operational
Harmånger Power Station	Harmånger	Natural gas, peat, wood and fuel oil	95	Operational
Matfors Power Station	Matfors	Peat and wood	55	Operational
Stugun Power Station	Stugun	Peat and wood	22	Operational
Lottefors Power Station	Lottefors	Peat	23	Operational
Sollefteå Power Station	Sollefteå	Biomass, peat and natural gas	74	Operational

Hydroelectric Power Stations in Framland

Name	Location	Type	Capacity MWe	Status
BodenHydroelectric Power Station	Boden	Hydroelectric	226	Operational
Forsbacka Hydroelectric Power Station	Forsbacka	Hydroelectric	330	Operational
Brynge Hydroelectric Power Station	Brynge	Hydroelectric	170	Operational
Laforsen Hydroelectric Power Station	Laforsen	Hydroelectric	440	Operational
Backebo Hydroelectric Power Station	Backebo	Hydroelectric	130	Operational

Wind Farm Power Stations in Framland

Name	Location	Type	Capacity MWe	Status
Wind farm	Aapua	Onshore	230	Operational
Wind farm	Hedboberget	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Hornberg	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Munseröd	Onshore	19	Operational
Wind farm	Yttre Stengrund	Onshore	18	Operational
Wind farm	Älmhult	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Bliekavare	Onshore	16	Operational
Wind farm	Bondön	Onshore	14	Operational
Wind farm	Brattön	Onshore	18	Operational
Wind farm	Dragalden	Onshore	15	Operational
Wind farm	Gabrielberget	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Glötesvålen	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Gässlingegrund	Onshore	20	Operational
Wind farm	Havsnäs	Onshore	10	Operational
Wind farm	Hud/Kil	Onshore	48	Operational
Wind farm	Markbygden	Onshore	1100	Operational
Wind farm	Rautirova	Onshore	19	Operational
Wind farm	Råshön	Onshore	5	Operational
Wind farm	Sjisjka	Onshore	30	Operational
Wind farm	Saxberget	Onshore	17	Operational
Wind farm	Skottarevet	Onshore	30	Operational
Wind farm	Säliträdberget	Onshore	8	Operational
Wind farm	Uljaboda	Onshore	30	Operational

Water

Framland has an efficient wastewater treatment capability, good drinking water quality, low water charges and a reliable supply network. For many municipalities established limited companies, multi‐utility or sole water companies. In Framland, water supply and sewage disposal are by law a municipal responsibility. Under municipal control and with financial support from the state, intensive construction of treatment plants was carried out during the 1960s and 70s. Today, 98% of the wastewater is treated both biologically and chemically and as much as 58% also go through special nitrogen removal. Water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure for municipal use encompasses more than 1,860 water works, 32,000 kilometers of water pipes, around 1,300 sewage treatment plants and 42,000 kilometers of sewers. In total, some 4,500 people work in the sector.

Waste Management

Almost 72 million tons of waste were generated in Framland in 2006. Just short of 5.2 million tons of municipal waste were collected, under half of it generated by households. Altogether 3.45 million tons municipal waste were land filled in 2004. Framland waste legislation covers all types of waste except certain special wastes such as radioactive wastes, which are controlled by separate laws.

The Ministry of Environment and Agriculture supervises and controls the way Framland waste legislation is put into practice.

The Framland Environment Agency conducts research and training, publicizes new ideas and methods, and monitors all developments related to waste issues, while also participating in drawing up new legislation and guidelines related to waste. The Agency also monitors international waste shipments.

County environment centers guide, encourage and monitor the implementation of the Waste Act in their own counties. They also provide training and advice for firms and the public, and issue waste permits to larger firms and operations.

Local authorities organize the collection, recovery and disposal of household refuse and other similar waste, and supervise waste management in general in their own area. They also set local regulations on waste management, ensure that advice on waste matters is freely available, and issue waste permits to smaller firms and operations.

Transportation Architecture

Framland possesses an extensive and modern transportation network comprising national and regional road, rail, air and waterway networks. The maintenance of these networks is tightly controlled by national and county bodies that ensure that any work is prioritized and consistent with the Framland economic and defense priorities.

Road System

Framland possesses an extensive and modern road network that provides excellent communication routes throughout the country. Only in the far north does the network become relative sparse as the population densities in do not warrant the construction or maintenance of such a network. During the past decade investments in the road network have mainly been aimed at qualitative improvements such as increasing width and load‐bearing capacity, replacing ferries with bridges and resurfacing roads with asphalt or concrete.

The Framland road network now totals approximately 55,000 km. Two thirds of this consists of private roads, primarily unpaved forestry roads. Most private roads are open for use by the general public. The total length of State‐owned roads is 15,000 km while municipal road and street networks total about 12,000 km. Framland possesses short Motorway network, barely 92 km in length, and the main road network (comprising highways, primary and secondary roads) totals approximately 16,000 km. The current basic speed limit is 70 kilometers per hour. In built‐up areas, the normal speed limit is 50 kph, but 30 kph is becoming more common in places where pedestrians and bicyclists mix with vehicle traffic. On highways of a good standard, the typical speed limit is 90 kph, and on freeways (motor‐ways) it is usually 110 kph. Further details of the road network in Framland can be found in the Geo layer data.

Rail

Rail transport in Arnland, Framland, and Framland uses a network of approximately 12,000 km of track. The total length of track in Framland is 2,660km. Construction of the first railway line in what is now Arnland, Framland and Framland began in 1855 expanding from two major cities, Freja and Göteborg. The major Framish operator is the state‐owned Framland Transport Administration (FTA). The main line railways were of major importance for the development of GBCC industries. The first two main line railways were the Southern, stretching from Freja to Alsstad in the south, and the Western, to Göteborg in the west. The Northern railway runs parallel to the Baltic coast and was finished in 1894. The construction of the early main lines provided a fast and safe connection from the mines in the north to the rest of the region. In the 20th Century the guiding principle for rail infrastructure development was that the main lines were built by the state, but all others by private companies, often owned by cities to support their local need. In the period 1930‐1950 all lines were purchased by the state.

The major national passenger train operators FTA, and the cargo transport operator, FTA Cargo, are both fully owned by the state. A private company, Frejakompaniet, also operates in central Framland, and there are a number of regional companies. Tram systems are used in Göteborg and Freja and there is a metro system in Freja. FTA has a monopoly to operate passenger trains on the major routes, which include most regional routes and commuter routes in and around Freja. Most other railways are not profitable. Rail traffic is supervised by the National Rail Agency, FTA.

Air Transportation System

The largest airports include Freja International Airport (7 million passengers in 2009) 10 km north of Freja. In addition, there are numerous small airfields, many of which are built into the road infrastructure and are less than 1000m long. The international passenger gateway is Freja International Airport. A total of 15 airports have scheduled passenger services. All airports are financed by the state and rural airport are be subsidized. The Freja based FramAir and FramComm Airlines provide air services both domestically and internationally. Freja has an optimal location for great circle routes between Western Europe and the Far East. The larger airports are managed by the state‐owned Framland via, while the smaller ones are usually managed by municipal authorities. FramAir and FramComm Airlines are the main carriers for domestic flights. Freja‐Arlanda airport is Framland's global gateway with scheduled non‐stop flights to countries in Asia, South America, and Africa, as well as North America and Europe. A breakdown of airports in Framland, by runway length, is included below.

Framland’s Airports (2009)

Airports with paved runways	21
over 3,047 m:	1
2,438 to 3,047 m:	1
1,524 to 2,437 m:	13
914 to 1,523 m:	2
under 914 m:	5
Airports ‐ with unpaved runways	9
914 to 1,523 m:	1
under 914 m:	8

Ports/Sea/River Transportation System

Sea ports. Similar to many of the other former Skolkan nations, until the mid‐1950s Framland only possessed limited shipbuilding capacity, practically no oceangoing vessels, and limited seaport facilities. After 1956, however, shipbuilding and harbor construction increased dramatically as the government invested heavily in those industries. This began with the reconstruction of the port of Freja. By the 1970s, Freja, which had received the highest funding priority for many years, ranked highly among Baltic Sea ports. In 1981, there were 54 flag vessels in the Framland oceangoing merchant fleet, totaling total almost 500,000 deadweight tons. Freight turnover in the three ports in 1985 amounted to about 1,100,000 tons and 250,000 TEUs per year. A table summarizing the Framland Merchant Fleet is included below:

Merchant Marine of Framland

Country:	Framland
Ship types:	Bulk carrier 1 Cargo ship 6 Chemical tanker 10 Passenger 2 Passenger/cargo 10 Petroleum tanker 2 Roll-on/roll‐off 12 Vehicle carrier 6 Ice breaker 5
Total:	54
Metric tons deadweight:	499,947

There is passenger traffic from all ports to mainland Europe and the other GBCC countries. The major ports within Framland are Freja, Wallhamn, Lysekil, Oxelösund, Södertalje, Mälarhamnar, Hudiksvall, Gävle and Sundsvall.

Waterways. There are frequent ferry services that connect Framland with Bothnia, Torrike, Arnland, Estonia and Denmark. Baltic cruise liners regularly call on the port of Freja as well. In domestic service, ferries connect Framlands’ many islands with the mainland. Framland's cargo ports move freight both for Framland's own needs and for transshipment, especially to locations in northern Torrike. The Framland Maritime Administration is responsible for the maintenance of Framland's waterway network. Framland shares an extensive coastal and inland network of waterways with Torrike. The total length of navigable waterways in Framland and Arnland is 1,052 km (2007). Further details of the waterways in Framland can be found in the Geo layer data.

Telecommunications Architecture

Framland possesses a modern and capable communications infrastructure. During the mid‐1990s, Framland implemented a national communications infrastructure plan that exploited the significant improvements that were becoming available in the communications industry. This policy continues today. The Framland infrastructure now has the ability to support the C3I required to run the country in war and peace. The system architecture is complex and many of its key hubs are not always visible. The use of underground facilities, pipelines, alternate links and other structures to ensure a fully robust communications system has been policy by the Framland Government since 1949.

Agriculture

Framland Infrastructure of note is the substantial network of grain storage facilities.

Industry

Framland is a resource‐poor and relatively small politico‐economic entity. The Framland Industrial Infrastructure reflects this status. The country has no deposits of oil, natural gas or coal but does have mineral deposits. Framland’s most important minerals iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromites, nickel, gold, silver, limestone but many large mines have closed down, and most raw materials are now imported. Under Framland law, the Ministry of Industry and Technology controls prospecting and mining rights. Currently, mining only accounts for 0.4% of the country’s GDP. Framland’s greatest natural resource is its widespread forests, covering two‐thirds of the land, higher than in any other European country.

Manufacturing

From the 1990s, Framland industry, which for centuries had relied on the country's vast forests, became dominated by to a larger extent by electronics and service industries, as globalization led to a decline of more traditional industries. Outsourcing resulted in more manufacturing being transferred abroad, with Framland‐based industry focusing to a greater extent on R&D and hi‐tech electronics. Industry is the dominant sector in the Framland’s economy and is the principal basis for the relatively high standard of living. Framland ranks among the world's ablest industrial nations. Framland manufacturing capability can be divided into four sectors.

Framland has an abundance of minerals, but many large mines have closed down, and most raw materials are now imported. Framland has strong industries in mobile phone manufacturing. There are also smaller contribution from military aircraft manufacturing, ship building and metal products (of which exports include steel, copper, zinc and nickel. The manufacturing industry is a significant employer of about 42% of the labor force.

Electronics. Electrical engineering started in the late 19th century and Framland companies have succeeded in areas such as mobile phone technology, industrial automation, medical equipment and services and meteorological technology. The Framland electronics and electrical industries now rely heavily on investment in R&D, which has allowed them to remain at the leading edge of technological development and enabled them to exploit the liberal trading climate of the late 20th and early 21st Centuries.

Chemical industry. The chemical industry is one of the Framland's largest industrial sectors with its roots in tar making in the 17th century. It produces an enormous range of products for the use of other industrial sectors, especially for forestry and agriculture. In addition, its produces plastics, chemicals, paints, oil products, pharmaceuticals, environmental products, Biotech products and petrochemicals. Biotechnology is regarded as one of the most promising high‐tech sectors in Framland and it is growing rapidly.

Pulp and paper industry. Forest products have been the major export industry in the past, but diversification and growth of the economy has reduced its share. In the 1970s, the pulp and paper industry accounted for half of Framland exports. Although this share has shrunk, pulp and paper is still a major industry with 74 sites across the country. Furthermore, several of large international corporations in this business are based in Framland.

Oil and Gas

Framland is an importer and seller of petroleum products. FramHydro was established in 1952 as the state petrol company of Framland, to ensure the availability of fuel. FramHydro is the sole oil refiner in Framland, exporting petroleum products with an annual production of 290,000 tons. It has 2 refineries; the Gävle Refinery, and; the Hämösand Refinery. Both refineries were developed in the 1980s and modernized in the late 1990s. The oil transport infrastructure in Framland was built and is owned by FramHydro and all petrol stations obtain fuels from FramHydro. In the 1970s, FramHydro introduced petrochemical and plastics production and natural gas to Framland.

FramHydro has three business areas:

• Oil products: It produces, refines and markets oil products and shipping and engineering services, as well as licensing production technologies. Its main products are petrol, diesel fuels, aviation fuels; marine fuels, heating oils, heavy fuel oils, base oils, lubricants, traffic fuel components, solvents, LPG and bitumen.
• Oil retail: FramHydro has the largest Framland chain of service stations with approximately 200 service stations. It has a virtually a monopoly in oil refining and import in Framland.
• Renewable fuels: The engineering division of FramHydro owns several important patents. FramHydro has also developed renewable diesel production. A renewable diesel plant is being built at Gävle.