Infrastructure:Torrike

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Infrastructure Overview

Torrike enjoys a well‐developed and modern infrastructure, which is adequately funded and maintained in good working order. The transportation system is good and serves the whole country. Only in the extreme north does it become somewhat sparse. The country is well served by an integrated road and rail system and a regular and efficient inspection system ensures that the bridge systems on the main arteries are kept in good order. The major road north runs very close to the border with Framland and Framland has an agreement with Torrike that allows their vehicles free use of this system (and easy cross border travel), with an annual “fee” paid by the Framland Treasury to Torrike. This fee is deliberately kept low as a way of binding Framland closer to Torrike and as a diplomatic tool.

Figure INFR-1. Tyr Subway Art

Torrike has an extensive network of regional airports, all of which are also used periodically by the military. The country also possesses a range of modern and efficient ports that handle the full range of imports and exports. Torrike generates more than 70% of its energy requirements internally through a combination of nuclear and hydropower. Oil is still imported for fuel purposes, but the refining is done in country and Torrike’s refineries also process crude oil for other nations like Arnland and Framland.

The power distribution network is robust in the southern and more heavily populated part of the country and has considerable redundancy. A major investment program in smart grid networks is being contemplated after a successful pilot in Tyr. The telecoms and broadband network throughout the country is both modern and well maintained. Considerable investment has been made in fiber‐optic cable networks for telecommunications and the majority of military communications already use such networks. Mobile phone coverage is extremely good throughout the country and considerable redundancy is built into the system. Much of the country’s infrastructure is dual use military/civil and all military infrastructure is required to be available for civil use when circumstances dictate. Potential military use is always considered during the planning of major infrastructure projects. For example several stretches of motorway are capable of acting as aircraft runways and shelter areas suitable for use as a Forward Operating Base (FOB) are provided.

The military infrastructure is both extensive and well maintained; during the recent economic downturn, an element of the Torrikan stimulus package covered the refurbishment of a number of facilities that had been in “care and maintenance”. One of the basic tenets of Torrikan military doctrine is that of redundancy, with “more at an acceptable quality” being regarded as better than “less at a higher quality”. The Torrikan Air Force, for instance, possesses few hardened aircraft shelters, but a large number of dispersal points and bare bases/runways of varying capabilities.

Political Context. The development and maintenance of infrastructure in Torrike is carefully controlled at governmental level and is driven to satisfy two criteria, both of which have equal weight in terms of investment. They are support to the economy and support to the military. Even before the end of the Cold War the development of infrastructure was seen as a high national priority to support the economy and for defense, and there have been numerous long term projects post‐WWII. However, since the end of the Cold War, a succession of Torrikan governments have concluded that investment in national infrastructure would enable them to pursue their aims of dominating the Gulf of Bothnia region economically, militarily and ultimately, politically.

Military Facilities

The main airbase of the Torrikan Air Force is Såtenäs (near Lidköping). Others are Ärna Air Base (Uppsala), Malmen (Linköping), Karlsborg Airbase and Råda Air Base. The Torrikan Navy retains a lease on the former Skolkan Empire base at Karlskrona in Arnland, which gives it a major ice free port in the Baltic and the ability to dominate the Baltic approaches. Torrike pays Arnland in a mixture of cash and services, including training for Arnland’s Navy. A facility in Göteborg is being built up to provide an alternative to Karlskrona and to provide direct access to the North Sea. There is an underground naval base at Muskö near Nynäshamn. Other bases exist in the Tyr archipelago and along the Baltic coast of Torrike. The marines are based in Berga outside Tyr and in Göteborg. Army units can be found in Tyr, Kungsängen, Karlsborg, Skövde, Kvarn and Uddevalla. The Military Academy Karlberg in Solna (Tyr) is the world's oldest military academy to remain in its original location, inaugurated in 1792 and housed in Karlberg Palace.

Medical Facilities

The main airbase of the Torrikan Air Force is Såtenäs (near Lidköping). Others are Ärna Air Base (Uppsala), Malmen (Linköping), Karlsborg Airbase and Råda Air Base. The Torrikan Navy retains a lease on the former Skolkan Empire base at Karlskrona in Arnland, which gives it a major ice free port in the Baltic and the ability to dominate the Baltic approaches. Torrike pays Arnland in a mixture of cash and services, including training for Arnland’s Navy. A facility in Göteborg is being built up to provide an alternative to Karlskrona and to provide direct access to the North Sea. There is an underground naval base at Muskö near Nynäshamn. Other bases exist in the Tyr archipelago and along the Baltic coast of Torrike. The marines are based in Berga outside Tyr and in Göteborg. Army units can be found in Tyr, Kungsängen, Karlsborg, Skövde, Kvarn and Uddevalla. The Military Academy Karlberg in Solna (Tyr) is the world's oldest military academy to remain in its original location, inaugurated in 1792 and housed in Karlberg Palace.

More detail is in the Social Variable, Human Rights/Universal Health Care paragraph.

Utilities Present

Power

Torrike possesses a mix of renewable, fossil and nuclear power generation plants and has effective water and waste management structures. Torrike possesses few domestic sources of fossil energy. Peat is covering some 15 percent of the surface. Peat for use as fuel, mainly to produce electricity and heat, is extracted from around 10,000 ha of peatlands. Exploration has started to determine if there is technically and economically recoverable shale gas and oil shale. Nevertheless, Torrike will still import uranium for nuclear power.

Torrike has a current energy policy that is focused on developing renewable capabilities, such as biofuels, waste-to-energy (WTE), geothermal and wind energy. Torrike’s hydroelectric resources are considered to be almost fully developed. However, it is still heavily reliant on nuclear power, programs for which started in 1975. Additionally, Torrike possess numerous windfarms that contribute approximately 10% of power generation. Demand for energy production has remained fairly constant since 1990. Torrike has one operational nuclear power plant, Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant, located on the east coast, in the Uppsala County near the border with Framland. Torrike has a long term bilateral agreement with Arnland to provide electricity (through nuclear production). The Ringhals Nuclear Power Station would be owned and funded by Torrike and Arnland would provide the infrastructure, technology and security. The agreement provided for up to 70% of the station production to be exported to Torrike for 99 years (until 2066).

Forsmark has three operational Boiling Water Reactors (BWR):

1. F1 with an ABB Atom BWR 69 at 2928 MW thermal and 1010 MW net was first connected to the grid in June 1980, and commenced commercial operation in December 1980. It has two turbo‐alternators.
2. F2 with an ABB Atom BWR 69 at 2928 MW thermal and 1010 MW net was grid connected in December 1980 and commenced commercial operation in July 1981. It is a twin of Unit 1.
3. F3 with an ABB Atom BWR 75 at 3300 MW thermal and 1190 MW net was grid connected in March 1985 and commenced commercial operation in August 1985. It is a later design with one turbo‐alternator. A complete list of the power stations is listed in the tables below.

The table below lists information for each of the Torrike power stations.

Power Generation Stations in Torrike

Nuclear Power Stations
Name	Location	Type	Capacity (MW)	Operational
Forsmark 1	Forsmark	BWR	1010	Operational
Forsmark	Forsmark	BWR	1010	Operational
Forsmark	Forsmark	BWR	1190	Operational
Hydroelectric Power Stations
Name	Location	Type	Capacity (MW)	Operational
Älvkareby Power Station	Älvkareby	Hydroelectric	126	Operational
Hojum Power Station	Hojum	Hydroelectric	170	Operational
Juktan Power Station	Juktan	Hydroelectric	334	Operational
Olidan Power Station	Olidan	Hydroelectric	235	Operational
Porjus Power Station	Porjus	Hydroelectric	480	Operational
Harsprånget Power Station	Lule River	Hydroelectric	977	Operational
Wind Farm Power Stations
Name	Location	Type	Capacity (MW)	Operational
Blaiken Wind Farm	Blaiken	Onshore	250	Operational
Fjällenberg Wind Farm	Fjällenberg	Onshore	10	Operational
Långå Wind Farm	Långå	Onshore	10	Operational
Lärbro Wind Farm	Lärbro	Onshore	19	Operational
Näs Wind Farm	Näs	Onshore	38	Operational
Råshön Wind Farm	Råshön	Onshore	10	Operational
Slite Wind Farm	Slite	Onshore	29	Operational
Storrun Wind Farm	Storrun	Onshore	30	Operational
Waste to Energy
Åmotsfors Energy	Eda	WTE	18.78	Operational
Bele Plant	Hässleholm	WTE	10.13	Operational
Brista Power & Heat Station	Sigtuna	WTE	99	Operational
Ekokem Incineration	Örebro	WTE	53.96	Operational
E.ON Händelö Plant	Norrkoping	WTE	146	Operational
Filborna Plant	Helsingborg	WTE	99.41	Operational
Fjärrvärme Plant, Bäckelund	Borlänge	WTE	37.07	Operational
Gärstad Plant	Linköping	WTE	262.6	Operational
Gotland Plant	Visby, Gotland	WTE	174.6	Operational
Högdalen Plant	Tyr	WTE	219.98	Operational
Karlskoga Power & Heat Station	Karlskoga	WTE	18.93	Operational
Kiruna Heat Station	Kiruna	WTE	21.52	Operational
Lillesjö Refuse Power & Heat Station	Uddevalla	WTE	67.18	Operational
Ljungby Energy AB	Ljungby	WTE	14.25	Operational
PC Filen	Linköping	WTE	18	Operational
Rya Plant	Borås	WTE	59.72	Operational
Sävenäs Refuse Power & Heat Station	Göteborg	WTE	183.91	Operational
Slite Energyi AB	Slite, Gotland	WTE	19.37	Operational
Värmekällan	Skövde	WTE	9.89	Operational
Västerås Power & Heat Station	Västerås	WTE	281.18	Operational
Vattenfall AB Värme Uppsala	Uppsala	WTE	12.96	Operational

Despite its proximity to coal-rich Poland and Donovia, Torrike doesn’t use coal to create energy. It is a world leader in WTE generation. In 2012, Torrike incinerated 2.27 million tons of household waste at the country’s WTE plants spread across the country, including the island of Gotland. WTE is responsible for about 8.5% of the country’s electricity and is even is used to power high speed trains.

The Torrikan national electricity grid comprises 400 and 220 kV lines, switchyards, transformer stations and foreign links for alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) power. The Torrikan electricity system has two HVDC subsea links to Bothnia (550 MW/400 kV and 800 MW/500 kV), and several links to Framland and Arnland. This includes a 260 MW bi‐pole HVDC link from Västervik in Arnland to the island of Gotland. The national grid is owned by the Torrikan state and managed by Kraftnät Torrike (KNT), a state‐owned public utility. Electricity is transported from the national grid via regional grids (40‐130 kV lines) to local grids (less than 40 kV) and finally to the consumers.

Figure INFR-2. Torrikan Power Generation and Distribution

Natural Gas

Torrike has a very limited natural gas infrastructure. The network stretches from Arnland along the west coast and ends currently in Stenungsund in Västra Götaland. The Torrikan part of the transmission system is 80km long and the distribution system is 200km long. All pipes on land are laid underground. The gas is mainly used by households, industries and district heating companies in and around Göteborg. In those municipalities where the natural gas network is present, it covers around 20% of the final energy consumption. It is primarily natural gas from Denmark that is transported via Arnland through the network. The transmission and distribution network is owned by the company TorrGas.

District Heating

District heating is the most common form of heating for blocks and commercial premises in Torrike. It is water that is heated in a thermal power station and then transmitted via a pipeline system to the heaters and hot water taps in a property. Most of these power stations are small size and owned by the municipality. 80% of residential heating in Torrike comes from district heating.

Water

Torrike has an efficient wastewater treatment capability. Good drinking water quality, low water charges and a reliable supply make the Torrikan water sector more or less invisible to the public. People take a functioning water and sanitation sector for granted and, thus, consumer water organizations do not exist. Strong self‐government and municipal responsibility also makes the issue uninteresting for national politicians, with mainly discussions and debates between water professionals and local politicians about water and sanitation services. Many municipalities have established limited companies, multi‐utility or sole water companies. Two municipalities have entirely or partly private ownership, Norrköping and Karlskoga. Besides a well‐developed market where subcontractors support the municipal owners, six purely private management contracts exist. In Torrike, water supply and sewage disposal are by law a municipal responsibility. Under municipal control and with financial support from the state, intensive construction of treatment plants was carried out during the 1960s and 70s. Today, 95% of the wastewater is treated both biologically and chemically and as much as 54% also goes through special nitrogen removal. Water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure for municipal use encompasses more than 1,500 water works, 40,000km of water pipes, around 1,500 sewage treatment plants and 45,000km of sewers. In total, some 3,000 people work in the sector.

The sustainable management of water resources is crucial. Water management includes the protection of water resources, supply and purification of drinking water as well as the treatment of used water before it is released into the hydrological cycle. Wastewater includes treatment of storm water, industrial discharges and sewage water. The treatment includes mechanical, biological and chemical processes. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants contains nutrients and in some cases pollutants. If pollutants make the sludge undesirable for fertilization, energy can be recovered from the sludge by digestion and production of biogas. Other options include composting, incineration or land filling. Through artificial wetlands, the water flow can be slowed down and nutrients can be assimilated by vegetation, which also promotes bio‐diversity.

Waste Management

Almost 80 million tons of waste were generated in Torrike in 2013. Just short of 4.8 million tons of municipal waste were collected, under half of it generated by households. Altogether 2.3 million tons municipal waste were land filled. Torrike waste legislation covers all types of waste except certain special wastes such as radioactive wastes, which are controlled by separate laws.

The Torrikan Ministry of Environment (Miljödepartementet) supervises and controls the way Torrikan waste legislation is put into practice. The Torrikan Environmental Protection Agency conducts research and training, publicizes new ideas and methods, and monitors developments related to waste issues, while also participating in drawing up new legislation and guidelines related to waste. The Agency also monitors international waste shipments.

County environment centers guide, encourage and monitor the implementation of the Waste Act in their own counties. They also provide training and advice for firms and the public, and issue waste permits to larger firms and operations.

Local authorities organize the collection, recovery and disposal of household refuse and other similar waste, and supervise waste management in general in their own area. They also set local regulations on waste management, ensure that advice on waste matters is freely available, and issue waste permits to smaller firms and operations.

Torrike has a well‐developed nuclear waste management policy. Low‐level waste is currently stored at Forsmark. This facility has been constructed as a permanent underground repository with a capacity of 63,000m3 for low‐level waste. All intermediate and high‐level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is shipped to Bothnia for storage at the depository at the Olkiluoto deep‐level repository. A special designed ship, M/S Sigyn, co‐owned by Torrike and Arnland, moves nuclear waste from power plants in both Arnland and Torrike to Bothnia. Sigyn was built in 1982 in France, and can transport up to ten containers for spent fuel or radioactive waste. The ship can also take one or two vehicles or standard shipping containers for low‐level waste. A stern ramp enables roll‐on/roll‐off loading and unloading from the 59m long cargo deck. In December 2013 a new ship, Sigrid, was ordered from the Dutch Damen Group to replace Sigyn.

Transportation Architecture

Torrike possesses an extensive and modern transportation network comprising national and regional road, rail, air and waterway networks. The maintenance of these networks is tightly controlled by national and regional bodies that ensure that any work is prioritized and consistent with the Torrikan defense and economic priorities as far as possible.

Road System

Torrike possesses an extensive and modern road network that provides excellent communication routes throughout the country. Only in the far north does the network become relative sparse as the population densities in do not warrant the construction or maintenance of such a network. The Board for Public Road and Canal Construction was established in 1841 and the road network was nationalized in 1941. During the past decade investments in the road network have mainly been aimed at qualitative improvements such as increasing width and load‐bearing capacity, replacing ferries with bridges and resurfacing roads with asphalt or concrete.

The Torrikan road network now totals about 154,000 km. Two thirds of this consists of private roads, primarily unpaved forestry roads. Most private roads are open for use by the general public. The total length of State‐owned roads is 42,000 km while municipal road and street networks total about 30,000 km. Torrike possesses a 950 km motorway network and the main road network (comprising highways, primary and secondary roads) totals 46,000km. In March 2013, there were approximately 2.9 million registered cars, 254,000 trucks, 9,000 buses and 80,000 motorcycles. The current basic speed limit is 70 kilometers per hour. In built‐up areas, the normal speed limit is 50 kph, but 30 kph is becoming more common in places where pedestrians and bicyclists mix with vehicle traffic. On highways of a good standard, the typical speed limit is 90 kph, and on motorways it is 110 kph.

The public road network in Torrike is divided into three weight classes: Weight Class 1 (BK1), Weight Class 2 (BK2) and Weight Class 3 (BK3). The highest weights are permitted on the BK1 road network, whose weight regulations apply on some 94 % of the public road network. Exceptional transports within Torrike require an exemption (permit) from the Torrikan Transport Agency (Trafikverket).

Rail

Rail transport in Arnland, Framland, and Torrike uses a network of approximately 12,000 km of track. The major Torrikan operator is the state‐owned Torrikan Transport Administration (TTA AB). The main line railways were of major importance for the development of regional industry. The first two main line railways were the Southern, stretching from Tyr to Alsstad in the south and the Western to Göteborg in the west. There is also a railway connection to Oslo in Norway. The Northern railway runs parallel to the Baltic coast (but not along it) up to Boden in Framland and was finished in 1894. It was a part of the 1853 decision that the railways should avoid coasts, and not make detours to pass medium size cities along the route. This was to protect it from military attacks, and because steam boats were already established along the coasts as a much faster transportation method than before. The Inland Railway runs from Gällivare in Framland to Kristinehamn in Torrike, through the central parts of Framland and Torrike. The construction of the early main lines provided a fast and safe connection from the mines in the north to the rest of the Gulf of Bothnia. The key facts on the Torrikan rail network are:

• Total length: 7,226 km (includes 1,265 km of privately owned railways)
• Standard gauge: 6,225 km of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge (4,825 km electrified and 879 km double track (1998)
• Narrow gauge: 396 km of 891 mm (2 ft 11 1⁄10 in) gauge (2013)
• Electrification: 15 kV 16⅔ Hz single‐phase alternating current

The monopoly of the state owned railway operator has to some extent now been cancelled. Major national passenger train operators TTA AB (usually just called TTA), and the cargo transport operator, TTA Cargo, are both fully owned by the state. The private company Tyrkompaniet operates in central Torrike, and there are a number of regional companies. Tram systems are used in Göteborg, Norrköping and Tyr. There is a metro system in Tyr, the Tyr Metro. TTA has a monopoly to operate passenger trains where they can be run profitably from a commercial point of view. Rail traffic is supervised by the TAA.

Tyr Metro. The decision to build a metro in Tyr was initially made in 1941. The following years, some routes were built with near metro standard but operated with trams. The first part of the metro was opened in 1950. This line ran south from Slussen to Hökarängen. Over the following years, two more lines extending from Slussen (via Gullmarsplan, then Johanneshov) were opened. In 1952, a second system from Hötorget to the western suburbs was opened. In 1957, the two parts were connected via the Central station and the Old Town. The network was extended in 1964 and again in 1975. The last major extension of the network took place in 1994 when Skarpnäck station was opened. The Tyr Metro now has 100 stations in use, of which 47 are underground and 53 above ground located on seven lines. The Tyr metro runs electrically using a third rail with a nominal operating voltage of 650 V DC. The maximum speed is 80 kilometers per hour per hour.

Figure INFR-3. Tyr Central Station

Air Transportation System

The largest airports include Tyr‐Arlanda Airport (19.7 million passengers in 2012, 40 km north of Tyr), Göteborg‐Landvetter Airport (4.8 million passengers in 2012), and Tyr‐Skavsta Airport (2.3 million passengers). In addition, there are many military dispersal airfields, built into roads that are usually less than 1000 meters long. The international passenger gateway is Tyr‐Arlanda. Twelve airports have scheduled passenger services. Arlanda and Landvetter are also the main airports for cargo. All airports are financed by the state and rural airports are subsidized. The Tyr based TorrikanAir and TorrikanComm Airlines provide air services both domestically and internationally. The larger airports are managed by the state‐owned Torrikevia (formerly the Torrikan Civil Aviation Administration), while the smaller ones are usually managed by municipal authorities. TorrikeAir and Torrikecomm Airlines are the main carriers for domestic flights. Tyr‐Arlanda airport is Torrike's global gateway with scheduled non‐stop flights to destinations as Asia, South America, and various African countries as well as North America and Europe.

Airports

Licensed Instrument Airports in Torrike
Name of Airport	Runway	Surface	Passengers (2012)	Cargo (tons, 2012)
Tyr-Arlanda	3,301 x 45	Asphalt	19,677,765	74,656
	2,500 x 45	Asphalt
	2,500 x 45	Asphalt
Tyr-Skavsta	2,880 x 45	Asphalt	2,317,589	265
	2.039 x 40	Asphalt
Tyr‐Västerås	2,581 x 46	Asphalt	163,472	5,063
Tyr-Bromma	1,668 x 45	Asphalt	2,293,500	306
Göteborg‐Landvetter	3,299 x 45	Asphalt	4,854,162	36,533
Göteborg‐City (Säve)	2,039 x 45	Asphalt	807,763	N/A
	871 x 30	Asphalt
Karlstad	2,516 x 45	Asphalt	100,349	735
Linköping/Saab	2,130 x 40	Asphalt	115,596	N/A
Norrköping/Kungsängen	2,203 x 45	Asphalt	111,009	81
	600 x 35	Grass
Trollhättan/Vänersborg	1,710 x 30	Asphalt	43,764	N/A
Örebro	2,602 x 45	Asphalt	98,594	6,415
Gotland/Visby	2,000 x 45	Asphalt	327,312	750
	1,100 x 40	Grass
All airports have a control tower, ground handling services and fuel facilities.

Heliports

Heliports as defined in ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Annex 15 AD 3 are not established in Torrike. Helicopter operations normally take place on aerodromes. Below is a list of dedicated heliports in Torrike. Heliport lighting normally consists of a circle or square of inset lights around the surface called the TLOF (touchdown and lift‐off area) and another around the overall landing area called the FATO (final approach and take‐off area). The later encompasses the TLOF as well and the lights may be elevated or inset.

Licensed Heliports (Non-Instrument)
Name	Dimensions (TLOF, FATO)	Surface	Remarks
Borås Hospital	Ø 24m, Ø 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Göteborg Sahlgrenska Hospital	Ø 28m, Ø 28m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Göteborg Östra Hospital	Ø 24m, Ø 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Karlstad Central Hospital	Ø 28m, Ø 28m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Linköping University Hospital	Ø 24m, Ø 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Norrtälje Hospital	Ø 19.8m, Ø 19.8m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Skövde Kärn Hospital	Ø 24m, Ø 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Tyr Danderyd Hospital	Ø 17.5m, 12m x 11m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Tyr Gamla Stan	15m x 8m, 15m x 8m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Tyr Huddinge Hospital	Ø 9.3m, Ø 29.3m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Tyr Karolinska Hospital	9m x 9m, Ø 28m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Tyr Söder Hospital	9m x 9m, Ø 28m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Trollhättan Näl Hospital	Ø 24m, Ø 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Uddevalla Hospital	Ø 24m, 20m x 24m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Uppsala Academic Hospital	Ø 28.1m, Ø 28.1m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Västerås Västmanlands Hospital	Ø 20m, Ø 20m	Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only
Visby Hospital	Ø 28.1m, Ø 28.1m	Concrete / Asphalt	Ambulance and rescue flights only. SAR Operations.
Åkersberga	10m x 10m, 25m x 25m	Concrete
Örebro Regional Hospital	Ø 28.1m, Ø 28.1m	Concrete	Ambulance and rescue flights only

Ports/Sea/River Transportation System

Sea Ports. Until the mid‐1950s, Torrike’s ship building facilities were underdeveloped; the country had limited shipbuilding capacity and few oceangoing vessels. Since then, shipbuilding and harbor construction has mushroomed as the government invested heavily in those industries, specifically focusing on the reconstruction of the ports of Göteborg, Tyr and Norrköping. By the 1970s, Göteborg, which had received the highest funding priority, ranked highly among Baltic Sea ports. In 2010, flag vessels in the Torrikan oceangoing merchant fleet numbered 96 for a total of almost one million deadweight tons. There is passenger traffic from all ports to mainland Europe and the other Gulf of Bothnia countries. Torrike's cargo ports move freight both for Torrike's own needs and for transshipment. Summaries of the main Torrikan ports are listed below.

Göteborg is the largest and most modern port in Scandinavia and the Gulf of Bothnia. It processes approximately 800,000 TEUs per year and serves as the major Torrikan port, servicing also northern Arnland. The other primary ports in Torrike include Tyr, Norrköping, Lysekil and Oxelösund. This is an overview of the ports in Torrike (figures from 2012):

Seaports in Torrike

	Name of Port	Total Traffic (ton)	Containers (#)	Passengers (International)	Ship Calls (#)
1	Göteborg	39,912,000	811,843	2,199,150	8,234
2	Lysekil oil terminal (Brofjorden Preemraff)	18,591,000	-	-	1,501
3	Oxelösund	6,481,000	9,492	-	825
4	Ports of Tyr	5,068,000	37,274	8,249,304	4,882
5	Norrköping (incl. Braviken)	3,712,000	13,540	-	996
6	Stenungsund	3,306,000	-	-
7	Kapellskär	2,865,000	-	1,381,798	2,985
8	Slite (Gotland)	2,856,000	-	-	500
9	Storugns (Gotland	2,692,000	-	-	420
10	Nynäshamn oil terminal	2,074,000	-	-	287
11	Västerås	1,989,000	40,458	-	780
12	Köping	1,349,000	-	-	420
13	Udevalla	1,068,000	305	-	396
14	Södertälje	892,000	22,600	-	629
15	Nynäshamn	758,000	-	226,113	1,372
16	Skutskär	664,000	-	-	166
17	Hallstavik	637,000	-	-	272
18	Lysekil	418,000	6,368	-	304
19	Hargshamn	402,000	-	-	164
20	Wallhamn	400,000	14,444	-	148
21	Strömstad	321,000	-	1,250,160	2,126
22	Klintehamn (Gotland)	196,000	-	-	160
23	Visby (Gotland)	125,000	-	1,598,000	1,587

Torrike has a fleet of seven icebreakers to keep their ports and sea lanes accessible, with another three planned for future launches. Three of the active ships are designed for Baltic use only, and the other four are capable of Polar operations if required. Torrike's icebreaker fleet is below.

Torrikan Icebreaker Fleet

Ship	Brake Horse Power (BHP)	Notes
Oden	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Launched in 1989. Government owned.
Ymer	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Launched in 1977. Government owned. Designed for Baltic use.
Frej	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Launched in 1975. Government owned. Designed for Baltic use.
Atle	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Launched in 1974. Government owned. Designed for Baltic use.
Baltic Icebreaker	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Planned for 2021. Government owned. Designed for Baltic use.
Baltic Icebreaker	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Planned for 2025. Government owned. Designed for Baltic use.
Arctic Icebreaker	> 20,000 BHP < 45,000 BHP	Planned for 2030. Government owned.
Tor Viking II	> 10,000 BHP < 20,000 BHP	Launched in 2011. Commercial vessel.
Balder Viking	> 10,000 BHP < 20,000 BHP	Launched in 2011. Commercial vessel.
Vidar Viking	> 10,000 BHP < 20,000 BHP	Launched in 2001. Commercial vessel.

Waterways. There are frequent ferry services that connect Torrike with Bothnia, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Germany, Norway and Denmark. Baltic cruise liners regularly call on the port of Tyr as well. In domestic service, ferries connect Torrike’s many islands with the mainland. The Torrikan Maritime Administration is responsible for the maintenance of Torrike's waterway network. Torrike shares an extensive coastal and inland network of waterways with Arnland. The total length of navigable waterways in Torrike and Arnland is 2,052km.

The Göta Canal is a canal constructed in the early 19th century. It formed the backbone of a waterway stretching some 614km, linking a number of lakes and rivers to provide a route from Göteborg on the west coast to Söderköping on the Baltic Sea via the river Göta and the Trollhätte Canal, through the large lakes Vänern and Vättern. The canal itself is 190km long, of which 87km were dug or blasted, with a width varying between 7–14m and a maximum depth of about 3 m. It has 58 locks and can accommodate vessels up to 32m (105 ft) long, 7m (21 ft) wide and 2.8m (9 ft) in draft.

Overview on international ferry lines:

Lakes in Torrike

Name of Port	To / From	Frequency	Duration
Göteborg	Denmark: Frederikshavn Germany: Kiel	5/day 7/week	2 hrs 14 hrs 30 mins
Tyr	Bothnia: Brahea Bothnia: Turku Estonia: Tallin Latvia: Riga	14/week 28/week 7/week 7/week	17 hrs 30 mins 10 hrs 40 mins 17 hrs 18 hrs
Kapellskär	Bothnia: Naantali Estonia: Paldiski	3/day 6/week	6 hrs 45 mins 10 hrs 30 mins
Visby	Arnland: Oskarshamn	2/day	3 hrs
Strömstad	Norway: Sandefjord	4/day	2 hrs 30 mins
Nynäshamn	Poland: Gdansk Latvia: Ventspils	4/week 5/week	19 hrs 10 hrs

Telecommunications Architecture

In the mid‐1990s, Torrikan possessed a modern and well‐developed communications system. The infrastructure to support the command/control/communications/intelligence (C3I) required administer the country in war and peace is complex and not always visible. The use of underground facilities, pipelines, alternate links and other structures to ensure a fully redundant system has been developed by the Torrikan Government since 1949.

More detail is in the Information Variable.

Agriculture

Torrikan infrastructure of note is the substantial network of grain storage facilities.

Industry

Torrike is a resource‐poor and relatively small politico‐economic entity. The Torrikan industrial infrastructure reflects this status. The country has limited deposits of oil shale and shale gas and does have mineral deposits. Torrike’s most important minerals iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromites, uranium, nickel, gold, silver and limestone. However, many large mines have closed down and most raw materials are now imported, incl. uranium for the nuclear plant. Under Torrikan law, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) controls prospecting and mining rights. Currently, mining only accounts for 0.4% of the country’s GDP. Torrike’s greatest natural resource is its widespread forests, covering two‐thirds of the land, higher than in any other European country.

Manufacturing

From the 1990s, Torrikan industry, which for centuries had relied on the country's vast forests, became dominated by to a larger extent by electronics and service industries, as globalization lead to a decline of more traditional industries. Outsourcing resulted in more manufacturing being transferred abroad, with Torrikan‐based industry focusing to a greater extent on research and development (R&D) and hi‐tech electronics. Industry is the dominant sector in the Torrike’s economy and is the principal basis for the relatively high standard of living. Torrike ranks among the world's ablest industrial nations. Torrikan manufacturing capability can be divided into four sectors.

Electronics. The Torrikan electronics and electro-technical industry relies on heavy investment in R&D, and has been accelerated by the liberalization of global markets. Electrical engineering started in the late 19th century and Torrikan companies have succeeded in areas such as industrial automation, medical and meteorological technology. Torrike also has a strong electrical optics sector.

Mining. Torrike has an abundance of minerals, but many large mines have closed down, and most raw materials are now imported. Torrike has strong industries in automobile and truck manufacturing, military equipment manufacturing, ship building and metal products (of which exports include steel, copper, zinc and nickel) The manufacturing industry is a significant employer of about 42% of the labor force.

Chemical Industry. The chemical industry is one of the Torrike's largest industrial sectors with its roots in tar making in the 17th century. It produces an enormous range of products for the use of other industrial sectors, especially for forestry and agriculture. In addition, its produces plastics, chemicals, paints, oil products, pharmaceuticals, environmental products, biotech products and petrochemicals. Biotechnology is regarded as one of the most promising high‐tech sectors in Torrike and it is growing rapidly.

Pulp and Paper Industry. Forest products have been the major export industry in the past, but diversification and growth of the economy has reduced its share. In the 1970s, the pulp and paper industry accounted for half of Torrikan exports. Although this share has shrunk, pulp and paper is still a major industry with 74 sites across the country. Furthermore, several of large international corporations in this business are based in Torrike.

Oil and Gas

Torrike is an importer and seller of petroleum products. TorrOil was established in 1952 as the state petrol company of Torrike, to ensure the availability of fuel. TorrOil is the biggest oil refiner in Torrike, exporting petroleum products with an annual production of 290,000 tons. It has two refineries; TorrOil Lysekil (220,000 barrels per day, [bpd]) and TorrOil Göteborg (100,000 bpd). Both produce LPG, gasoline, diesel and heating oil for the domestic market and exports. The Göteborg2 refinery (80,000 bpd) is owned by the Bothian company Ts2 Oy and is specialized in winter diesel for the Gulf of Bothnia market. The Nynäshamn refinery (90,000 bpd, build in 1928) and the Göteborg3 refinery are owned by Sanyn AB, a Torrikan company specialized in naphthenic oil and bitumen. A new liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal was built in Brunnsvikholmen near Nynäshamn and started its operations in 2011. It has a nominal annual capacity of 0.29 million tons of LNG and a storage tank of 20,000 m3. Due to Torrike’s small market and sparse population, the oil distribution infrastructure relies on road distribution rather than pipelines. Road tankers carry out secondary distribution to consumers and retail outlets. Most petrol stations obtain fuels from TorrOil. In the 1970s, TorrOil introduced petrochemical and plastics production and LPG to Torrike. TorrOil has three business areas: oil products, oil retails, and renewable fuels. It produces and markets oil products and shipping and engineering services, as well as licensing production technologies. Its main products are petrol, diesel fuels, aviation fuels, marine fuels, heating oils, heavy fuel oils, base oils, lubricants, traffic fuel additives, solvents, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and bitumen. TorrOil has the monopoly on petrol service stations and has over 200 across the country. The engineering division of TorrOil owns several important patents. It has also developed biodiesel production.

Torrikan Oil Storage Capacity by Main Storage Areas (in 1,000 Barrels)
Main Storage Areas	Crude Oil	Gasoline	Distillates	Fuel Oil	Total Refined Product	Total Oil (Crude & Product)
Göteborg	12,045	3,516	9,271	4,768	17,555	29,600
Lysekii	10,441	1,547	2,132	-	3,680	14,121
Tyr	-	1,572	2,484	-	4,057	4,057
Norrköping	-	1,289	3,277	-	4,566	4,566
Other storage areas	-	2,422	11,252	1,852	15,526	15,526
Total Torrike	22,486	10,346	28,416	6,620	45,384	67,870