Infrastructure: Belesia

We welcome your constructive feedback:(Right-click, "Open in new tab") Africa • Caucasus • Europe • Pacific • WEG • Force Structures

Using the DATE • TC 7-101 Exercise Design • Download

DATE Pacific > Belesia > Infrastructure: Belesia ←You are here

While the region’s five major countries have a significant number of urban residents, Belesia has almost half of its population living in rural areas. The country contains a mixture of modern cities and primitive rural villages. Modern utilities are found predominantly in the major cities and at reasonable levels throughout the rural countryside.

Rapid urbanization is stressing the Belesian infrastructure. However, certain aspects are still among the best in the world in regards to services provided. Belesia has a robust mass transit system. Several bus companies provide transportation in major cities and to rural areas. Airports range from large international airports that can handle almost any aircraft, to small, unimproved dirt strips. Some seaports are modern that can handle the vast majority of global cargo vessels with dolphin platforms for the offloading of petroleum. The country suffers from high levels of pollution in the urban areas and the government has made policies to combat pollution in urban environments and water supplies.

Urban areas contain skyscraper buildings at least 100 m tall, large apartment complexes, and residential suburbs. There is a shortage of available housing that meets the minimum standards causing some of the poorest residents to construct makeshift dwellings. This is predominantly in the outskirts of the major urban areas. The local governments are actively creating new low income housing areas. Typical rural construction is low quality wooden houses with corrugated roofs. The Belesian government is investing heavily in modernizing. They are expected to take decades before completion.

Construction patterns in Belesia’s urban areas are similar, with high-rise construction and low cost public housing requiring modernization due to age. City planners have extensive knowledge of strategic and sustainable city planning but are hampered by decades of unplanned growth and expansion. Building materials typically consist of concrete, steel, and rebar. In areas prone to flooding, houses are built on pilings to prevent flooding.

Military operations in urban areas will initially benefit from modern electricity, water, sewage, and other utility services. As the size of the force increases however, it will further stress the grid and could cause catastrophic failure. Urban areas provide additional networks of subterranean and vertical construction that will provide cover and concealment for the enemy and possible refuge to civilians in times of conflict. Because of its expansive metropolitan population spread across numerous islands, any military operation in Belesia will involve intensive urban operations.

Major Belesian Cities and Urban Zones

Note: Belesian convention adds the term "city" following the municipality name to disambiguate it from other administrative regions or islands that might share the same name. Additionally, some city names--e.g. Naga--are used in more than one municipality. Belesia's national average for urban density is 232 km².

Davao City

(Population 1.6 million - density 656 km²)

Davao City is the capital of Belesia. It is also Belesia's largest city in both territory and population. The larger metro area of Davao City, Tagum, Panabo, Samal, and Digos combines for a total population of 2.5 million. Urban development is even more condensed than Cebu City, with over 75% of the population living and working within 15% of Davao City's land area.

Cebu City

(Population 922,611 - density 2,934 km²)

Cebu serves as Belesia’s major port in the center of the Belesian archipelago. Metropolitan Cebu is made up of Cebu City, Carcar, Danao, Manuaue, Naga, Talisay, and Lapu-Lapu, with a combined population of 2.8 million. It is the most populous metro area in Belesia. Development is condensed to less than 20 percent of the terrain due to steep forested mountain ranges running parallel to the coastline. The city also boasts one of the largest and most sheltered harbors in Belesia. The buildings in the main urban areas consist of high-rise buildings, single family and duplex dwellings, and high-rise apartment buildings. On the periphery are the government tenement housing and shantytowns. A well-developed city core serves as an intermixed commercial and institutional center, with a larger residential zone on the surrounding periphery. Major shipping and ship repair facilities dominate the waterfront on the city's northwest coastline.

Zamboanga City

(Population 861,799 - density 618 km²)

Zamboanga City sits at the extreme western end of Mindanao Island at the bottom of a peninsula straddling the Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea. As with the other major Belesian cities, it boasts a good deep-water port. However, it is more known as a commercial fishing port and seafood processing center than a trade port. Construction is high-density mid-rise with orderly block-style development within the city core. Government, industry, and commerce are mixed in the central district surrounding the city pier. Development stretches primarily in an east-west fashion following the coastline. It transitions to more random, residential, and low-rise construction radiating out from the city center.

Cagayan de Oro City

(Population 675,950 - density 1,622 km²)

Cagayan de Oro City sits on the north side of Mindanao Island on the center of the Macajalar Bay coastline and is bisected by the Cagayan de Oro River. Seven other rivers also flow into this bay within a 16 km stretch of coastline. It is bounded by Mt. Mangabon 35 km to the east and Mt. Katanglad 35 km to the south. The port and industrial facilities are east of the river, with residences, resorts, and agriculture dominant on the west side. Construction is densely concentrated mid to low rise buildings surrounded by green space and agriculture. Construction patterns are mostly orderly, accounting for the irregularities dictated by the river courses. Government and other institutions are distributed on both sides of the river, mostly in the city center away from the shoreline. The terrain becomes extremely sloped within 10 kilometers of the shoreline where development abruptly ends.

Iloilo City

(Population 447,992 - density 5,792 km²)

Iloilo City is the largest city on the Belesian island of Panay. The greater metropolitan population is 946,146. It sits on a large alluvial plain with much of development occurring on low-lying or reclaimed land. The Iloilo and Batiano Rivers in the south form two east-west peninsulas containing most of the old city residences and commerce. The Jaro Floodway forms the northern boundary of the city's development. The old airport forms the nucleus of a central business district, housing most of Iloilo's high-rise construction. The city's oceanfront borders the Iloilo Strait. Resorts and residences dominate the south coast, with traders and heavy industry accounting for most of the northeast coastal development. Construction patterns are mostly dense orderly along the peninsulas and in the central business district, giving way to dense random low-rise construction in the outlying districts.

Utilities Present

Power

Belesia's major power generating capacity is 9.5 gigawatts and over 87% of Belsians have access to electricity; 96% in urban areas and 80% in rural areas. Of the 63 operational power plants, over half of the generating capacity comes from 16 coal-fired plants and approximately 33% from 23 hydroelectric and geothermal plants. Large interconnection lines provide some measure of stability to the national grid. Getting power to the smaller outlying islands is a challenge. These islands are mainly serviced by small diesel generators (<1 MW) operating on a mini-grid. Wind, solar, and biomass plants are gaining popularity. Those islands close enough to the main grid are connected via undersea cable.

Power Plant Data

Belesian Power Plants

Name	Fuel	Capacity (MW)	DLAT	DLONG
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	80	8.0046	124.2868
Agus 6 Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	200	8.1937	124.1915
Agus II Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	180	8.0528	124.2709
Agusan 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	1.6	8.352649	124.768953
Ampiro Geothermal Power Project	Geothermal	30	6.983814	125.276017
BacMan Geothermal Production Field	Geothermal	140	13.0547	123.9678
Bacolad Solar Field	Solar	25	10.8055	122.9908
Balingasag Power Station	Coal	165	8.7662	124.7685
Baloi Hydro Plant	Hydro	158.1	8.1336	124.1983
Belesia Group Power Plant	Coal	511	14.230976	121.756985
Biliran Geothermal Plant	Geothermal	49	11.563737	124.407216
Bohol Diesel Power Plant	Diesel	11	9.644151	123.875069
Bubunawan Run Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	32	8.382527	124.650444
Calong Solar Field	Solar	60	10.4152	123.6789
CEB Coal Fired Power Plant	Coal	167.4	10.7235	122.5961
Cebu Private Power Corporation	Natural Gas	260	10.290472	123.898087
Colorado Solar Plant	Solar	28.6	6.7718	125.2853
Concepcion Power Plant	Coal	135	11.1872	123.121
Cosmic Solar Plant	Solar	5.7	10.6163	122.1683
Don Carlos Biomass Energy Plant	Biomass	10	10.5116	123.4351
Green Power Bukidnon	Biomass	35	7.7851	124.8262
Green Power Panay	Biomass	35	10.9333	122.5782
Hopewell Power Station	Coal	728	10.2185	123.7577
Kalilangan Biomass Energy Corporation	Biomass	10	7.7834	124.8265
La Carlota II Solar Plant	Solar	48	10.4249	122.9282
La Carlota Solar Power Plant	Solar	32	10.4216	122.9348
Lakewood Geothermal Prospect	Geothermal	40	7.854843	123.135271
Lanao Kauswagan Power Station	Coal	552	8.186442	124.117646
Leyte Geothermal Production Field	Geothermal	588.4	11.141893	124.62
Leyte Optimization Geothermal Power Station	Geothermal	50.9	11.172973	124.629651
Ludo Power Station	Natural Gas	200	10.290414	123.889213
Mindanao Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	106	7.012785	125.219875
Misamis Oriental Biomass Energy Plant	Biomass	12	8.5577	124.5080
Mt. Sibulan-Kapatagan Geothermal Power Project	Geothermal	300	9.355128	123.156392
Mt.Apo Geothermal Plant	Geothermal	106	7.012785	125.219875
NAC Diesel Fired Power Plant	Diesel	10.9	9.7189	125.5081
Naga Thermal Power Complex	Geothermal	43.4	10.2185	123.7577
Nasulo Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	49.4	9.287398	123.239144
National Power Coporation Hydro Plant	Hydro	255	7.7156	125.0236
One Power Energy	Biomass	42	10.3163	123.9012
Pagbilao Power Plant	Coal	420	13.8932	121.745
Palinpinon Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	172.5	9.287398	123.239144
Panay Diesel Power Plant	Diesel	74.9	11.024764	122.632853
Pililla Wind Farm	Wind	54	14.470997	121.36749
Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Power Plant	Hydro	255	7.786453	125.023622
San Carlos BioPower	Biomass	19.9	10.5158	123.4351
San Lorenzo Wind Farm	Wind	54	10.590663	122.692253
San Miguel Coal Power Plant	Coal	135	6.3943	125.6173
Sarangani Power	Coal	118	5.871	125.0789
Sembrano Wind Farm	Wind	72	14.378314	121.371138
Sibulan Hydro A	Hydro	42.5	6.884339	125.370175
SPI Cebu Diesel Power Plant	Diesel	43.8	10.417016	123.668987
SPI Power Coal Plant	Coal	232	8.5725	124.7573
SPI Power Plant	Coal	200	10.217068	123.761906
State Power Inc. Coal Power Plant	Coal	232	8.5601	124.7465
Sultan Energy	Coal	200	6.689869	124.671891
Supercritical Coal Power Plant	Coal	500	14.230976	121.756985
Talomo Hydro 3	Hydro	4.5	7.096392	125.609596
ThermaBelesia	Coal	300	6.964542	125.481212
Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant	Geothermal	275	13.4655	123.6486
Toledo Power Plant	Coal	200	10.3871	123.6401
VECO Power Generation	Natural Gas	307	10.289471	123.89744
Western Mindanao Power Corporation	Diesel	100	7.081824	122.213842

Water

Ninety percent of the population has access to potable water. Relatively modern household water distribution systems cover most cities, while the rural population relies on improved wells and boreholes. Though tropical, Belesia is also susceptible to drought, exacerbated on the smaller low-lying atolls. The government has invested in desalination projects to service the larger islands.

Sanitation

Seventy-five percent of the population has access to an improved sanitation, predominantly those in the developed urban areas. Even in the cities, this does not always equate to fixed plumbing in residences, but also includes improved latrines. The lack of universal or adequate sanitation contributes to the high rate of infectious disease spread, especially in the dense urban environments.

Transportation Architecture

Roads are the primary intra-island transportation method. Although air travel is gaining popularity, surface transport by boat, ferry, or coastal freighter is the primary inter-island mode of transport. The rail network of the country is currently being upgraded to support mass transit and become more reliable and thus viable means of transportation. Most roads, especially rural roads, are in poor condition at best, due to lack of maintenance. While Belesia has no operational railway, tentative plans envision initial construction around the capital city of Davao, eventually expanding out with 2,000 km of coverage throughout Mindanao.

Road Systems

Overall, Belesian roads are below US standards. Driving is extremely hazardous and even more so at night and during the rainy season. In general, drivers fail to obey traffic laws and their vehicles do not meet Belesian minimum safety standards. However, over 92 percent of Belesia's roads are paved and almost all of the unpaved roads are have a gravel road bed. The network consists mainly of three types of national roads: Primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary roads connect three or more major population centers of 100,000 or more. Secondary roads connect major population centers to smaller cities and tertiary roads are any other maintained by the national government. The Belesian government maintains over 1,200 permanent bridges. 

Road maintenance projects will stress military traffic flow as road construction projects typically work on one direction, creating single lane travel alternating direction. As anywhere else in the world, these projects often take several months to complete.

Bus

The larger the city the more likely it is to be a hub for bus traffic. The bus companies are independently owned and operated. The buses run both in the major metropolitan areas and to the more rural areas, providing mainly long distance travel to the civilian population. Very few Belesians use them for local travel, as there are other more efficient and reliable ways to move around the congestion in the major metropolitan areas. The buses used by the private companies do not come from any predominant manufacturer. For the smaller companies that cannot afford to purchase new buses many are refurbished and updated. Many of the buses have air conditioning, which require passengers to pay an additional fee to ride. Many of the major bus companies originate their lines from the major metropolitan areas and then run to the more rural areas. Typically, the routes traveled are limited to only a few companies to each area.

Any military operations in the country that affect the bus system may cause strain on the transportation system and cause extended delays resulting in a decreased perception of military forces by the civilian population. Military operations in Belesia would involve inspecting buses for contraband and illegal weapons .

Rail

Belesia has no operational railway system. Rugged terrain, adequate roads and plentiful water transport challenge the feasibility for a capital-intensive rail system. Initial work is proceeding on a 150 km prototype line in Davao City on Mindanao Island. If successful, an eventual 2,000 km system is planned to cover the entire island.

Air Transportation Systems

Belesia's airport infrastructure can support major military operations. The two major international airports are located at Davao City on Mindanao Island, and Cebu City on Cebu Island, though most major island have an international airport serving as a first port of entry. Belesia's network of airfield, fixed base operators, and maintenance facilities can accommodate most intermediate and some depot-level maintenance for its civil air fleet.

Paved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 2
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 8
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 28
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 34
• Less then 3,000 feet: 3

Unpaved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 0
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 1
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 2
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 19
• Less then 3,000 feet: 35

Airfield Data

Belesian Airfields

City	Island	Rwy Length (ft)	Rwy Width (ft)	Elev (ft)	DLAT	DLONG	Surface	Lights
Aborlan	Palawan	2500	50	1575	9.5103	118.5533	Dirt	No
Agutaya	Pamalican	3946	184	0	11.3588	120.7278	Asphalt	Yes
Alcantara	Tablas	4560	98	10	12.3110	122.0850	Asphalt	No
Aroroy	Masbate	2009	47	165	12.6165	123.2835	Grass	No
Asturias	Cebu	1070	45	207	10.5404	123.7456	Grass	No
Asuncion	Mindanao	2220	25	141	7.5507	125.7304	Grass	No
Bacolod	Negros	6569	148	26	10.6424	122.9296	Asphalt	Yes
Balabac	Bugsuk	6800	150	50	8.2297	117.3304	Dirt	No
Baloi	Mindanao	4593	60	1300	8.1305	124.2150	Concrete	No
Bataraza	Palawan	5000	85	23	8.5505	117.4362	Asphalt	Yes
Bislig	Mindanao	3937	98	12	8.1960	126.3220	Concrete	No
Bongao	Tawitawi	5100	98	15	5.0470	119.7430	Asphalt	No
Borongan	Leyte	3935	95	7	11.6743	125.4790	Concrete	No
Braulio E. Dujali	Mindanao	3129	72	23	7.4366	125.5996	Dirt	Yes
Buenavista	Guimaras	3652	25	5	10.6930	122.6644	Gravel	No
Bulan	Luzon	4350	120	3937	12.6842	123.8780	Grass/Asphalt	No
Buluan	Mindanao	3000	50	10	6.7384	124.8266	Asphalt	No
Butuan	Mindanao	6450	150	141	8.9515	125.4788	Concrete	Yes
Cagayan de Oro	Mindanao	6890	148	190	8.6122	124.4565	Concrete	Yes
Cagayan de Oro	Mindanao	8050	118	601	8.4156	124.6110	Asphalt	Yes
Calbayog	Samar	4843	98	12	12.0727	124.5450	Concrete	Yes
Caluya	Semirama	7075	94	0	12.0752	121.3885	Concrete	No
Carles	Sicogon	4365	119	25	11.4595	123.2506	Dirt	No
Catarman	Samar	4429	98	6	12.5024	124.6360	Concrete	No
Catbalogan	Samar	4265	120	0	11.8100	124.8300	Concrete	No
Cuyo	Pamalican	3696	135	0	11.3595	120.7267	Asphalt	No
Daet	Luzon	3773	98	10	14.1292	122.9800	Asphalt	No
Dalaguete	Cebu	945	33	1013	9.8213	123.5478	Dirt	No
Daraga	Luzon	3000	75	406	13.1143	123.6791	Dirt	No
Datu Odin Sinsuat	Mindanao	6234	98	189	7.1652	124.2100	Asphalt	Yes
Davao City	Mindanao	9842	148	96	7.1255	125.6460	Asphalt	Yes
Del Carmen	Siargao	4167	98	10	9.8591	126.0140	Concrete	No
Dipolog	Mindanao	6273	98	12	8.6020	123.3419	Concrete	Yes
Dolores	Leyte	2200	55	10	12.0378	125.4903	Dirt	No
El Nido	Palawan	3280	75	1998	11.2019	119.4169	Concrete	No
Gasan	Marinduque	4785	95	32	13.3610	121.8260	Asphalt	Yes
General Santos	Mindanao	5577	98	28	6.1064	125.2350	Asphalt	No
General Santos	Mindanao	10587	148	505	6.0580	125.0960	Concrete	Yes
Guiuan	Leyte	7919	148	7	11.0355	125.7420	Asphalt	No
Hilongos	Leyte	3280	100	12	10.3800	124.7430	Asphalt	No
Iloilo	Panay	8202	148	27	10.8330	122.4934	Asphalt	Yes
Ipil	Mindanao	3150	65	52	7.7856	122.6020	Concrete	No
Isabel	Leyte	3691	53	0	10.9122	124.4378	Concrete	No
Isabela	Basilan	2017	48	32	6.6561	121.9797	Dirt	No
Isulan	Mindanao	3802	55	219	6.6622	124.6114	Grass	No
Jeroco	Borneo	2700	75	60	5.4061	118.3964	Dirt	No
Jolo	Jolo	4144	98	118	6.0537	121.0110	Asphalt	No
Jose Panganiban	Luzon	3090	50	302	14.2911	122.6461	Dirt	No
Kabankalan	Negros	2600	65	310	10.0053	122.8511	Dirt	No
Kalamansig	Mindanao	2675	25	26	6.5594	124.0540	Grass	No
Kalibo	Panay	7175	148	14	11.6794	122.3760	Concrete	Yes
Kapalong	Mindanao	2409	30	25	7.6031	125.6544	Dirt	No
Keningau	Borneo	9173	150	1036	5.3575	116.1620	Asphalt	No
Kiamba	Mindanao	3955	60	0	5.9380	124.7441	Grass	No
Kota Belud	Borneo	4800	150	46	6.3652	116.4710	Dirt	No
Kota Kinabalu	Borneo	9800	150	10	5.9372	116.0510	Asphalt	Yes
Kuala Penyu	Borneo	1813	50	6	5.6000	115.5830	Grass	No
Kudat	Borneo	2395	75	10	6.9225	116.8360	Asphalt	No
Labuan	Labuan	7546	148	101	5.3007	115.2500	Asphalt	Yes
Laguindingan	Mindanao	6890	147	190	8.6125	124.4572	Concrete	Yes
Lahad Datu	Borneo	4498	98	45	5.0323	118.3240	Asphalt	Yes
Lapu-Lapu	Mactan	10827	148	31	10.3075	123.9790	Asphalt	Yes
Lebak	Mindanao	2140	44	16	6.6739	124.0581	Asphalt	No
Legazpi	Luzon	7480	118	66	13.1575	123.7350	Asphalt	Yes
Liloy	Mindanao	1900	85	260	8.1019	122.6706	Dirt	Yes
Maasin	Leyte	3642	98	328	10.1873	124.7820	Concrete	No
Mabini	Mindanao	3480	30	15	7.2631	125.8426	Dirt	No
Maco	Mindanao	3268	50	61	7.4473	125.8411	Dirt	No
Magsaysay	Cuyo	5000	100	13	10.8581	121.0690	Gravel	No
Maitum	Mindanao	3041	68	1316	6.0815	124.4656	Grass	No
Malabang	Mindanao	4462	100	27	7.6172	124.0590	Concrete	No
Malangas	Mindanao	2400	25	3	7.6503	123.0179	Gravel	No
Malay	Panay	3117	98	7	11.9245	121.9540	Concrete	No
Malita	Mindanao	3715	94	5	6.4022	125.6192	Concrete	Yes
Mambajao	Camiguin	3945	98	53	9.2535	124.7070	Asphalt	No
Manolo Fortich	Mindanao	4576	50	1425	8.3478	124.8503	Dirt	No
Mapun	Mapun	4265	125	98	7.0140	118.4960	Macadam	No
Maragusan	Mindanao	3651	65	2076	7.3079	126.1467	Dirt	No
Maramag	Mindanao	4592	60	919	7.7538	125.0333	Asphalt	No
Masbate	Masbate	4921	98	26	12.3694	123.6290	Concrete	No
Mati	Mindanao	5330	105	156	6.9494	126.2730	Concrete	No
Mercedes	Apuao Grande	812	65	3	14.0845	123.0925	Grass	No
Milagros	Masbate	1341	50	26	12.1840	123.6199	Dirt	No
M'lang	Mindanao	5143	95	130	6.9160	124.9265	Concrete	No
Naval	Biliran	3000	70	0	11.5159	124.4290	Dirt	No
New Corella	Mindanao	2866	75	118	7.6742	125.8261	Dirt	No
Ormoc	Leyte	6120	118	83	11.0580	124.5650	Concrete	No
Ozamiz	Mindanao	5720	95	75	8.1785	123.8420	Asphalt	No
Pagadian	Mindanao	5512	98	5	7.8307	123.4612	Asphalt	No
Pagbilao	Pagbilao Grande	2218	75	0	13.9003	121.7442	Dirt	No
Panglao	Panglao	9200	150	74	9.5745	123.7710	Dirt	No
Pantukan	Mindanao	3777	75	3	7.2464	125.8452	Dirt	No
Perez	Alabat	1766	107	6	14.2320	121.9290	Grass	No
Pili	Luzon	4599	98	142	13.5849	123.2700	Concrete	Yes
Puerto Princesa	Palawan	8530	148	71	9.7421	118.7590	Concrete	Yes
Roxas	Panay	6201	148	10	11.5977	122.7520	Concrete	Yes
San Antonio	Dalupiri	1695	82	3	12.4170	124.2742	Grass	No
San Carlos	Negros	2396	57	1220	10.5153	123.4472	Grass	No
San Fernando	Sibuyan	500	43	10	12.2799	122.6246	Grass	No
San Isidro	Mindanao	2043	25	25	6.8262	126.0997	Dirt	No
San Jose de Buenavista	Panay	3937	98	23	10.7660	121.9330	Asphalt	No
San Vicente	Palawan	5288	100	0	10.5250	119.2739	Concrete	No
Sandakan	Borneo	7000	151	46	5.9009	118.0590	Asphalt	Yes
Santa Catalina	Negros	3037	65	43	9.3214	122.8778	Grass	No
Santa Fe	Bantayan	2950	40	60	11.1624	123.7848	Dirt/Concrete	No
Santo Tomas	Mindanao	2577	80	16	7.4684	125.6361	Dirt	No
Semporna	Borneo	1998	50	60	4.4500	118.5830	Dirt	No
Sibulan	Negros	6136	118	15	9.3337	123.3000	Asphalt	Yes
Silay	Negros	6562	148	82	10.7764	123.0150	Concrete	No
Siocon	Mindanao	2155	58	923	7.7097	122.1622	Dirt	No
Siquijor	Siquijor	4100	100	0	9.2142	123.4723	Gravel	No
Sirawai	Mindanao	2243	50	800	7.5867	122.1578	Dirt	No
Sorsogon City	Luzon	2750	75	126	13.0072	124.0261	Grass	No
Surallah	Mindanao	4396	59	659	6.3668	124.7510	Asphalt	No
Surigao	Mindanao	5603	98	20	9.7558	125.4809	Concrete	Yes
Surigao City (Nonoc Island)	Nonoc	3939	82	0	9.8092	125.5950	Asphalt	No
Tacloban	Leyte	7014	148	10	11.2276	125.0280	Asphalt	Yes
Tagbilaran	Bohol	5837	98	38	9.6641	123.8530	Asphalt	Yes
Tagum	Mindanao	2000	30	84	7.4765	125.7879	Dirt	No
Tampakan	Mindanao	2444	60	3827	6.4110	124.9349	Dirt	No
Tandag	Mindanao	4765	98	16	9.0721	126.1710	Concrete	No
Tawau	Borneo	8800	155	57	4.3202	118.1280	Asphalt	Yes
Taytay	Palawan	3610	59	80	10.8186	119.5075	Concrete	No
Tomanggong	Borneo	2198	50	26	5.4000	118.6500	Gravel	No
Tubay	Mindanao	3124	70	61	9.1695	125.5603	Dirt	Yes
Ubay	Bohol	1312	50	7	10.0590	124.4256	Concrete	No
Virac	Catanduanes	5118	98	121	13.5764	124.2060	Concrete	Yes
Wao	Mindanao	3380	85	3907	7.6348	124.7336	Dirt	Yes
Zamboanga City	Mindanao	8560	144	33	6.9224	122.0600	Asphalt	Yes

Airlines

Belesia Airlines is the flagship carrier, flying internationally to 15 countries worldwide. It maintains a fleet of well-maintained short and long haul airliners. Many smaller scale commercial air carriers are registered for inter-island and short haul international charter routes.

Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems

Water transport is the primary mode of passenger and cargo transport within the Belesian archipelago and with its neighbors. The NGA World Port Index identifies over 50 significant ports, 10 of which are capable of handling ships over 150m in length, and an additional 38 accommodate ships up to 150 m. Large inter-island ferries run 24/7 scheduled service to the main islands, and most others have daily service from one of the major gateway ports. Cargo traffic is mostly containerized or break-bulk with the ports of Davao and Cebu serving as the main entry points for scheduled liner services to the major container hubs in mainland Asia. These ports are operated with RORO capacity and combined are known as the Federated Nautical Highway.

Belesia has relatively large merchant marine and fishing fleets operating globally. Belesians are skilled navigators and it is common to see very small vessels operating at great distances offshore. These craft can be seen in the hundreds of smaller ports and anchorages that are not listed in the mainstream commercial port directories.

The Belesian Ministry of Infrastructure assigns the administrative responsibility for ports, waterways, merchant and fishing fleets to the Belesian Maritime Authority. Enforcement of Belesian laws in Belesian territorial waters and exclusive economic zone enforcement falls to the Coast Guard and Revenue Service of Belesia, under the overall authority of the Ministry of Finance.

Pipelines

Belesia has over 200 km of transmission pipelines and 300 km of distribution pipelines. Most are natural gas pipelines that run from offshore fields west of Palawan to southern Luzon. Over 9% of Belesia's electricity comes from the fuels transported by these pipelines.

Telecommunications Architecture

In Belesia, most citizens can access a telephone and listen to a radio or television, and over 70 percent of the population has access to the internet. Belesia boasts the largest growth trends within the archipelago, with upgrades and competition in both internet and mobile services. Belesians have approximately 20 million landlines and 40 million cell phones. The country has multiple radio stations that range from government owned, religious, pop culture, and music. There are three national television networks and approximately 40 local television stations providers.

Industry

Belesian manufacturing is relatively significant, but lags South Torbia in capital and technological investment. It possesses a modest steel industry, with the attendant downstream industries. Abundant regional energy reserves and favorable environmental laws sustain a capable but ageing petrochemical industry.

Military operations must be aware of the manufacturing areas and ensure not to disrupt them, as it is paramount to the survival of the country and continuing to maintain its status.

Agriculture

About 30% of Belesians farm, accounting for 10% of the country’s GDP, though it is a net food importer due to large rice imports. The bulk of Belesian farms are small farms and family run. Irrigation is controlled by the Belesian government, which recently implemented legislature that removed charges for small farmers to irrigate their fields. In the central region of Belesia, the crops are rain fed and irrigation is used in the lowlands.

Major crops are abaca, cashew, citrus fruit, coconut, lemon, maguey, mango, oil palm, pineapple, papaya, other fruits, and rubber, while annual crops are cabbage, cassava, corn, cotton, eggplant, garlic, onion, peanut, sweet potato, rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and vegetables. The current agriculture production is not sufficient to sustain the population and the country must import grains and soybeans to meet the demand of the populace. The government has placed increased emphasis on the agriculture sector to become more self-sufficient.

Military operations must be cognizant as to not disrupt the agriculture as the already limited capacity would affect the nation greatly. In addition, the farming methods have been brought in line with Western countries methods resulting in limited if any pollution to the soil and water table.

Oil/Gas

Belesia is a net energy importer in both natural gas and crude oil. However they have an extremely well-developed maritime transport and storage terminal infrastructure.

Military operations in the area must ensure that oil is continued to be imported to support the economy and citizens of the country to ensure development during and post hostilities.

Defense Industries

Recent construction of coastal patrol craft based on indigenous designs are the highlight of the Belesian defense industry. It is also a key player intermediate maintenance, with depots servicing sophisticated maritime, aviation and land systems. Domestically produced land force products are limited to tactical vehicle modification, small arms, and personnel equipment.

Nuclear

Belesia does not possess the infrastructure nor the resources to have nuclear capabilities.

Space

Belesia participates in UN space protocols and other international agreements controlling satellite use in search and rescue, communication, and navigation. However, it procures all of its imaging and communication services from the private sector and security partners. Its proximity to the equator has made it a frequent target for real estate acquisition for corporations looking to construct ground control stations.

Pollution

Belesia has faced a wide range of pollution issues to include air pollution, ground water contamination, waste management, and pollution of lakes and rivers, though less than its neighbor, South Torbia. However, activists are concerned that the rate of pollution will increase proportionately to Belesia's economic growth. The government has introduced an energy strategy emphasizing natural gas and renewable sources for electricity in an attempt to shift from the current reliance on dirty coal power plants.