Infrastructure: Olvana

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While the region’s five major countries have a significant number of rural residents, more than half of Olvana’s residents live in urban areas (57.9 percent). The country contains a mixture of modern urban cities and primitive rural villages. Modern utilities are predominantly in the major cities and at reasonable levels throughout the rural countryside. Ninety-nine percent of the nation has access to electricity with 100 percent of urban areas and 99.8 percent of rural areas respectively.   Ninety-five percent of Olvana has access to potable water, while only 76.5 percent of the nation having access to sanitation systems (predominantly in the developed urban areas).

The Olvana infrastructure is modern and continues to improve as the urbanization continues. Significant emphasis is placed on the modernizing of the infrastructure in the past 20 years. Olvana has a state of the art mass transit system.  The Olvanese government continues to subsidize the mass transit system to increase ridership and decrease congestion on the roads and air pollution.  Airports range from large international airports that can handle almost any aircraft currently in production to small-unimproved dirt strips.  Seaports are modern and can handle all modern cargo vessels. The country recently suffered from high levels of pollution in the urban areas and the government has made policies to combat pollution in urban environments.  Air pollution has improved significantly but ground and water pollution are still way above acceptable western levels.

Construction Patterns

Many of the urban and suburban cities contain skyscraper buildings (of at least 100m tall), apartment complexes, and residential suburbs. Typical rural construction in the north is stone, tamped mud or sundried bricks reinforced with straw.  In the south is the typical construction is wood, brick or woven bamboo.  In both areas, the roofs are typically peaked and covered in tile.  The rural houses are typically built around a courtyard, this is to provide protection from the winds and provide places to keep animals such as pigs and chickens. 

Construction patterns in Olvana’s urban areas are high-rise construction and urban sprawl.  The houses on the outskirts of the major urban area are generally one to two story homes built with a courtyard in the center.  The Olvanese government has invested in urban planning to ensure it is not only sustainable but with plans that go out in five, 10 and 50 year planning cycles to ensure they stay at the forefront and can provide for growth.  Due to vast amounts of rural areas, cities are not limited to just upward construction they can also continue to expand.

Military operations in urban areas will initially benefit from modern electricity, water, sewage, and other utility services.  Urban areas provide the additional networks of the vertical structures that will need to be dealt with as well as vast subterranean networks for transportation and infrastructure.  Due to the expansive metropolitan population, Olvana will require extensive intensive urban operations.

Major Olvanian Cities and Urban Zones

Olvana has five major cities that account for approximately 40 percent of population density of the nation.

Shanghai

Shanghai (population 29.87 million residents) is the capital city and largest city in Olvana.  Shanghai is also the largest city in the world.  It is the financial hub of Olvana and is a global powerhouse.  It has the world’s longest metropolitan transportation system with 587 km of track and tunnels.  The road network is modern and the hub for national highway network.  It contains Olvana’s largest port and is a center sea commerce.  The architecture is a combination of modern steel and concrete construction and buildings dating back to 1,400 years ago.  There are over 30 universities in the city with some run by the Olvanese government. Tourism plays a significant role in the economy of the city.

Chongqing

Chongqing (population 17.54 million residents), is located 1447 km to the west of Shanghai.  The city become of major importance with the building of the Three Gorges Dam.  It is built in the mountains and bordered by the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers. Chongqing has the most bridges of any area in all of Olvanese with over 50 crossing the rivers, with the bulk of them meeting western standards.  Chongqing has 15 college and universities that range from military universities to medical schools.  The city has modern skyscrapers and traditional Olvanese construction in close proximity.  The downtown is a series of high-rise skyscrapers and multistory apartment buildings.

Guangzhou

Guangzhou (population 17.72 million residents) is located 1447 km southwest of Shanghai.  The city has been in existence for over 2,200 years and has continued to modernize throughout the years.  It maintains many historic buildings and temples while becoming a modern city.  The construction is concrete and steel for the skyscrapers and multistory apartment buildings.  The road network is consistent with western standards.  The local government continues to update the infrastructure to ensure it is capable of meeting all the demands placed on it.

Wuhan

Wuhan (population 11.14 million residents) is located 690 km west of Shanghai.  The port of Wuhan is currently going through a major overhaul. The Olvanese government is investing in expanding the port to increase capacity throughput from three berths to 22. The city has experienced a rapid growth over the past 15 years, the city planners were able to keep the infrastructure increasing at the same rate. The local government has invested heavily in environmentally friendly manufacturing and construction to decrease pollution and has made significant gains.  The majority of construction is high-rise buildings for offices of steel and concrete construction.  Multi story apartment buildings made of concrete and brick are throughout the city.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong (population 10.42 million residents) is located 1223 km south of Shanghai.  The port of Hong Kong is one of the busiest ports in Olvana and the world.  Three years ago, the infrastructure of Hong Kong was ranked the best in the world.  The buildings throughout the city range from ones built in the late 19th century to current modern skyscrapers.  As space is at a premium for construction many old buildings have fallen into a state of disrepair and are being torn down to make way for vertical construction (skyscrapers).  The main construction in the city center is modern high-rise construction.  The city has a vast ferry network to transport many of the workers to the island to work every day.

Population Density

• Shanghai: 2,059 per square km
• Chongqing: 350 per square km
• Guangzhou: 1,800 per square km
• Wuhan: 1,200 per square km
• Hong Kong: 600 per square km

Utilities Present

The Pacific faces a dichotomy when it comes to utilities present such as electricity, water, and sewage treatment. The majority of urban households can access modern utilities, but the rural areas have a more limited access to a number of them.  Rural areas still have a communal water source and twin vault alternating pit latrines.

Power

Olvana's total power generating capacity is over 888 gigawatts. Most of their power plants are coal fired (63%), with hydroelectric a distant second, accounting for 25% of the total. Ten nuclear plants produce just over 29,000 MW, or three percent of the national total capacity. Less that one percent of the population does not have access to electricity. While the proportional contribution of wind and solar power is negligible due to the sheer volume of power produced, over 11,000 MW is produced by wind power. The limited impact of the solar and wind power is due to outdated transmission grid and requires updating to make any substantial impact.

Active Power Plants (Over 1,500 MW)

Name	Cap. (MW)	Latitude	Longitude	Fuel
Olvana Coal Plant No. 1	2,136	19.9595	110.0317	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 2	2,520	21.5454	111.6678	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 3	2,580	21.5918	108.3947	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 4	2,000	21.7018	108.6227	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 5	2,000	21.8661	112.9213	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 6	5,000	21.8664	112.9175	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 7	2,250	22.2185	114.1098	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 8	4,068	22.376	113.9214	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 9	1,800	22.4818	113.872	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 10	2,000	22.6059	114.7433	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 11	3,200	22.7061	115.5543	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 12	1,980	22.7489	113.6807	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 13	2,000	22.7563	115.0426	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 14	1,900	22.8141	113.5678	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 15	2,000	22.9657	112.1079	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 16	3,200	23.0056	116.5468	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 17	4,000	23.1885	116.6553	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 18	3,200	23.5655	117.0973	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 19	3,600	24.3048	118.1261	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 20	2,100	24.5852	113.5831	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 21	2,000	24.7277	118.7478	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 22	2,090	24.7373	111.3464	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 23	2,000	25.157	119.0289	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 24	2,400	25.1995	104.6826	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 25	1,840	25.2038	118.9439	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 26	2,400	25.4692	104.5912	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 27	2,400	26.1872	104.1106	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 28	2,400	26.3251	104.7695	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 29	2,400	26.3736	119.7621	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 30	2,520	26.7575	119.7359	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 31	1,920	27.0467	115.0203	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 32	2,000	27.4974	120.663	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 33	2,000	27.7855	116.5638	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 34	1,820	27.8592	113.1195	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 35	4,200	28.1142	121.1398	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 36	2,520	28.1957	115.7097	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 37	1,800	28.2878	117.2231	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 38	1,800	28.5971	112.2683	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 39	1,620	28.6411	106.7531	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 40	2,000	29.0132	121.6968	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 41	2,400	29.1861	119.5058	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 42	2,640	29.3467	106.4339	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 43	4,400	29.481	121.5109	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 44	2,400	29.505	121.6627	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 45	2,000	29.6625	113.8737	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 46	2,000	29.7592	122.1262	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 47	5,000	29.9433	121.815	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 48	1,560	29.9445	121.6869	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 49	1,920	30.1621	106.5474	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 50	2,020	30.2031	115.1803	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 51	2,400	30.5298	106.8256	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 52	2,000	30.5414	117.1746	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 53	1,900	30.5519	114.6425	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 54	2,000	30.6251	121.1416	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 55	2,400	30.6283	121.1436	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 56	2,000	30.6565	113.9139	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 57	2,100	30.6777	108.4004	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 58	2,000	30.762	121.3997	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 59	2,000	31.3508	121.6017	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 60	1,960	31.3528	121.5994	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 61	2,520	31.4662	121.4009	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 62	1,880	31.6566	121.1799	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 63	3,320	31.7563	120.9731	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 64	1,950	31.7566	120.979	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 65	1,960	31.8045	104.7679	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 66	2,400	31.9122	112.1662	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 67	3,920	31.9403	120.0764	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 68	2,000	32.0324	120.772	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 69	2,640	32.0577	121.728	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 70	1,920	32.1099	114.1406	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 71	2,060	32.1716	119.0195	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 72	3,980	32.1779	119.5766	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 73	4,000	32.1861	119.9145	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 74	2,000	32.1949	119.2494	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 75	2,460	32.2684	119.4193	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 76	2,400	32.6837	117.0753	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 77	2,480	32.6853	116.9021	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 78	2,000	32.6889	116.8986	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 79	2,580	32.7456	116.8134	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 80	2,520	32.7579	116.6492	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 81	2,000	32.896	116.2425	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 82	1,900	33.3082	112.6451	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 83	2,000	33.8211	113.0146	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 84	2,020	34.1748	113.3565	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 85	2,000	34.3071	120.2469	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 86	2,000	34.3817	117.1756	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 87	2,000	34.3858	117.256	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 88	2,660	34.5782	119.1275	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 89	1,800	34.6847	111.0274	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 90	2,060	34.8144	117.5743	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 91	3,400	35.1679	112.7162	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 92	4,400	35.322	116.9292	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 93	3,300	35.467	112.5739	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 94	2,400	35.5014	106.7871	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 95	2,400	35.6002	110.5569	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 96	2,200	35.8512	114.1781	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 97	2,000	36.1365	117.6876	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 98	1,800	36.2122	116.512	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 99	3,960	36.6148	116.2194	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 100	2,000	36.6656	119.2648	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 101	2,640	36.8972	117.8613	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 102	1,920	37.0089	114.4842	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 103	2,000	37.2684	118.9069	Coal
Olvana Coal Plant No. 104	2,080	37.4323	120.0177	Coal
Olvana Gas Plant No. 1	2,500	22.41	113.91	Gas
Olvana Gas Plant No. 2	1,516	24.56	118.64	Gas
Olvana Gas Plant No. 3	1,528	25.22	119	Gas
Olvana Gas Plant No. 4	1,560	30.85	121.83	Gas
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 1	1,920	20.8082	105.3233	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 2	2,400	21.4971	103.996	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 3	5,850	22.6409	100.4287	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 4	2,400	23.27	114.31	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 5	2,400	23.7657	113.9536	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 6	1,605	24.62	100.45	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 7	6,300	25.0277	107.0431	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 8	2,160	26.2	100.82	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 9	3,000	26.52	101.44	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 10	1,900	26.53	100.42	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 11	2,800	26.81	100.45	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 12	3,300	26.82	101.78	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 13	4,750	27.3488	100.5061	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 14	3,000	27.3744	107.633	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 15	2,400	27.68	100.29	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 16	2,400	27.82	101.88	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 17	2,400	27.8221	101.9025	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 18	3,600	28.1823	101.6316	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 19	4,400	28.2485	101.6445	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 20	12,600	28.26	103.65	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 21	13,050	28.2606	103.6484	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 22	6,448	28.6437	104.393	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 23	1,750	29.2	108.2	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 24	4,260	29.21	102.84	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 25	2,100	29.31	103.48	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 26	2,600	29.45	102.22	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 27	1,600	30.44	110.34	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 28	1,800	30.47	119.61	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 29	3,190	30.7397	111.2695	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 30	22,500	30.8235	111.0032	Hydro
Olvana Hydro Plant No. 31	1,800	34.92	112.36	Hydro
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 1	2,000	21.67	108.56	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 2	4,000	21.71	112.26	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 3	1,888	22.6	114.54	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 4	3,914	22.6	114.55	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 5	4,000	25.4426	119.444	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 6	4,072	27.0446	120.2855	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 7	4,101	30.433	120.9501	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 8	2,024	30.44	120.94	Nuclear
Olvana Nuclear Plant No. 9	1,980	34.69	119.46	Nuclear

Water

Nearly all of the population in urban areas (97.5 percent) in Olvana have access to improved potable water. As areas become more rural, only 93 percent have access relying on local sources (rivers and streams) or community wells.

The urbanization of the population has caused significant strain on water delivery systems; the government has initiated projects to improve the water quality and access. In many of the rural areas, the water is polluted from spills from either factories, raw sewage or illegal dumping. Rural Olvanese have nearly over 10% of their water supply that is not safe to use even for irrigation due to heavy metal contamination. Military personnel should find potable water in the urban areas but may see a shortage in the rural areas.  Prior to use of any local water source they should be tested and potentially treat for contamination.

Sewage

Olvanese that reside in the urban areas have access to some sort of sewage system.  86.6 percent of residents have access to improved sanitation services. 13.4 percent of residents have access to unimproved facilities (pit latrines).  In the rural areas, only 63.7 percent of the population has access to improved sewage (septic / modern pipes); the remaining 36.3 percent have access to twin vault alternating pit latrines.  Only a small portion of the wastewater is treated which has led to contamination of 61.5 percent of groundwater and 28.8 percent of key rivers being determined to be not suitable for human contact. Due to limited wastewater treatment facilities, most domestic wastewater is discharged without treatment.  Five years ago the government has dramatically increased the emphasis on reducing pollution to include water contamination.  The government has several projects approved for modernizing the sewage system in both urban and rural areas.

Transportation Architecture

Roads are the primary transportation method throughout Olvana.  The rail network of the country is very modern as it has been upgraded or installed in the past 15 years to support mass transit.  The government has invested and subsidized mass transit over the past 12 years to help reduce pollution and congestion.  The majority of roads are in good condition as they are paid for through a toll system and private companies.

Road Systems

Overall, roads in Olvana meet US or Western European standards.  The exception will be in the rural and smaller villages that still have something a little wider than a footpath to get through them.  Driving can be hazardous as the enforcement of traffic laws vary greatly across the nation.  In general, drivers drive chaotic and unregulated, Olvana has one of the highest rate of accidents in the region.  Of note, that pedestrians do not have the right of way when crossing a road (even at a crosswalk).  Due to large amounts of congestion on the roadways, the drivers will drive very aggressively. 

Olvana has a vast national road network of 4,602,150 km that includes 4,100,225 km of paved roads.  The road network consists mainly of three types of national roads: Freeways, Olvana National Highways, and Express Routes.  Freeways are toll roads that are unencumbered by stoplights / signs and cross traffic is separated.  Olvana National Highways are trunk roads across the country they may have portions that are toll roads.  Express routes are freeways that run through the major urban areas.  The government of Olvana does not maintain any of road networks as that is left to for profit businesses and the local cities, towns and villages. Most urban roads have heavy traffic and are viewed as dangerous because of aggressive driving habits.

Military traffic / convoys on the road networks will be stressed due to large amounts of traffic and the aggressive driving nature of the Olvanese and impatience to wait in traffic.

Bus

All towns and villages have at least daily bus traffic through the area.  The majority of urban areas will have multiple bus stations that have regularly scheduled departure to points around the city or cross country routes. The bus companies are independently owned and operated.  The buses run both in the major metropolitan areas and to the more rural areas.  Due to relatively low cost of other methods of public transportation (bullet trains / subway), buses are typically used for shorter distance travel within major urban areas and between rural towns and villages.

Buses operate throughout Olvana, providing mainly travel to the civilian population within the urban areas. Very few Olvanese use them for long distance travel, as there are other more efficient and reliable ways to move around the nation. The buses used by the private companies do not come from any predominant company. Many of the buses have air conditioning and have been upgraded to be electric for operation in the city. Many of the major bus companies originate their lines from the major metropolitan areas and then run to the more rural areas.  The Olvanese government has been subsidizing the bus system to help pay for upgrades to the mass transit system and in an effort to decrease pollution.

Any military operations in the country that affect the bus system may cause strain on the mass transportation system and cause extended delays resulting in a decreased perception of military forces by the civilian population.

Rail

The country has 110,000 km of rail in the country, with 75,000 km of rail currently electrified and 22,000 km being high speed rail.  Olvana approved several projects to modernize the rail system over the past 15 years to improve commuter travel throughout the nation.  The main project is a high-speed rail line to help decrease pollution and congestion throughout the country.  Olvana rail consists of standard gauge (1.435 m) which is in use by the neighboring countries.  The locomotives used in Olvana are diesel or electric.  Of note 28 of 33 provinces are connected by high speed rail.

Air Transportation Systems

All five countries maintain both paved and unpaved runways of varying distances. Many of the unpaved runways resemble cleared dirt strips not suitable for most modern aircraft.

Olvana contains 300 airports. Very little is known about the unpaved runways in Olvana.  The map shows the location of all the major airports and the chart below shows the details for each runway.  Of note, less than 33 percent of the airspace is allocated to civilian aircraft. During times of military exercises that can be decreased to less than 25 percent that causes an already stressed system that have hours of delays and hundreds of cancelled flights.   Olvana’s known runways by length include the following:

Paved Runways

• Over 10,000 feet: 71
• 8,000 to 10,000 feet: 150
• 5,000 to 8,000 feet: 115
• 3,000 to 5,000 feet: 25
• Under 3,000 feet: 86

Name	Location	Length (m)	Surface	Elevation (m)
Xian Xianyang International Airport	34°26′16.1″N108°45′23.6″E	3,800	Concrete	97
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport	30°34′42″N 103°56′49″E	3,600	Asphalt / Concrete	495
Kunming Changshui International Airport	25°06′7″N 102°55′45″E	4,500	Asphalt	2103
Shanghai Pudong International Airport	31°08′36″N 121°48′19″E	4,000	Concrete
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport	31°11′53″N 121°20′11″E	3,400	Asphalt
Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport	30°14′13.6″N120°25′55.0″E	3,600	Concrete
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport	23°23′33″N 113°17′56″E	3,800	Concrete
Hong Kong International Airport	22°18′32″N 113°54′52″E	3,800	Asphalt

Airports/Airlines

Air Olvana Airlines is the flagship carrier for Olvana.  Air Olvana Airlines flies internationally to 14 countries across the world.  Multiple international airports operate in Olvana predominately on the west coast and central area.  Olvana possess enough airports to support major military operations.  The airlines do not travel on time and are plagued with cancelled flights and hours long delays.

Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems

The Olvana fleet consists of 697 cargo ships, 1,040 bulk carrier ships, 400 petroleum, and 150 container ships.

Port	Berths	Berth Size	Storage Yard	TEU capacity	Additional Comments
Shanghai	125	82 berths can accommodate 10 thousand DWT and above	293k sq meters of warehouses and 4.7million sq meters of storage yards	36,516,000	Mainly government controlled – limited civilian investment
Shenzen	16	Deep water	921.7 acres of storage	24,142,000	Fastest growing port in country
Ningbo	315	74 Natural deep water	High capacity	20,636,000	Main uses stevedoring, transfer and storage of iron ore imports, handling both foreign and domestic containers. Major cargoes also include bulk cargoes, crude oil, product oil, liquid chemical products, grains, and coal
Quinhuangdao	50	44 deep water
Tianjin	100	Not deep water	865+ acres of storage additional liquid and refrigeration storage	13,881,000
Qingdao	62	Deep water	272 acres	17,323,000
Dalian	80	38 Deep water	74 acres of warehouses; 445 million acres of storage	9,591,000

Pipelines

Olvana has 70,000 km of gas pipelines, 20,000 km of crude oil pipelines, 23,000 km of refined petroleum products pipelines, and 700,000 km of water pipelines.  The gas pipelines along the west coast from the southernmost point to the northern border, they also run from the northeast boarder to Shanghai.  Three of the pipelines cross in to adjacent countries.  The crude oil pipelines follow generally the same routs.  These pipelines are government owned and operated.  The gas pipelines are extremely vital to the infrastructure as they provide the natural gas to use for heat and power and move away from coal.

Telecommunications Architecture

In Olvana, almost all citizens can access a telephone and listen to a radio or television, and over 54 percent of the population has access to the internet.  Approximately 10 years ago the countries six telecommunications companies were merged to create three telecommunications companies.  Olvanese operate approximately 230 million landlines and a billion cell phones.  The country has approximately 1000 stations that are government owned.  The government operates all television stations. Cable is the main provider of television channels.  (See Information variable for additional details.)

Agriculture

8.5 percent of Olvanese engage in agricultural work, which account for only 10 percent of the country’s GDP. The bulk of Olvanese farms are medium sized farms.  The major agriculture productions in the country are wheat, sorghum, millet, barley, soybeans, rice, and radishes.  The current agriculture production is sufficient to sustain the population and the country exports grains and meat to meet the demand of the populace.

Industry

The Olvana industrial complex is the number one producer of steel in the world, the largest consumer / producer of chemicals accounting for 1/3rd of the global demand.  Manufacturing comprise roughly 46.6 percent of the GDP. With the government, relaxing some of the restrictions on private investments and ownership has caused an increase in industries.  Military operations must be aware of the manufacturing areas and ensure not to disrupt them.

Oil/Gas

Olvana is the world’s largest oil importer.  It comes from a pipeline in the north and is brought by ships to the ports.  Olvana has a very large oil infrastructure that produces approximately 10,155,000 barrels of crude a day.  The country must import oil to meet the demand in the country, which is equivalent to 960,000 barrels a day of oil to remain functioning. There has been exploration done in the contested South China Sea to locate more oil but there has been limited success.

Military operations in the area must ensure that oil is imported to support the economy and citizens of the country to ensure development during and post hostilities.

Olvana has been producing the most natural gas that it has in the past 40 years and it still does not meet the demand in the country.  There are two main pipelines that natural gas in from neighboring countries.  The shift to cleaner burning fuels is done in response moving away from coal to decrease the air pollution.  The neighboring countries have the ability to shut off the pipelines in the event hostilities.

Defense Industries

The defense industry in Olvana is growing with the recent opening of the defense industry to commercial investors. This defense industry exports aircraft, tankers, air defense equipment, weapons, ammunition, and munitions to developing nations.  The sales serve both commercial and strategic purposes.  Olvana is currently developing a laboratory complex to further research and development of military capabilities.  The Olvana Defense Minister recently sealed a deal for an Olvanese arms factory to build a production and maintenance facility for Olvanese weapons in Belesia.

Nuclear

Olvana has a nuclear power program and possesses nuclear weapons.  They currently have 30 nuclear power plants that produce approximately 2 percent of the nation’s power.  All of the nuclear plants have been built in the past 20 years and are presumed to be safe. The country has not signed any nuclear non-proliferation or destruction treaties.  Olvana is believed to possess approximately 500 nuclear warheads. There is an extensive unground network of tunnels throughout the country where the warheads and missiles are stored to protect them from attack from aircraft, artillery and missiles.

Space

Olvana has been has been actively pursuing its space program.  It currently has 23 satellites for communications and navigation purposes in orbit.  They have been advancing their rocket program as delivery vehicles for their satellites. They are also currently working on developing a space station.

Pollution

Olvana faces a wide range of pollution issues to include air pollution, ground water contamination, and pollution of lakes and rivers.  Much of the pollution stems from the lack of environmental regulation and the industrial boom in the late 20th century.   With the government, running all the industry during that time there was little concern for the environment.  Air pollution especially in the major cities is among the worst in the world.  The use of coal to heat buildings and provide power has created a smog level that is the intolerable.  The main pollutants from the industrial sector are from heavy metals (lead, mercury, chromium). Olvana has taken an aggressive stance on reducing the pollution throughout the country and has improved air quality by over 30 percent in the past 10 years.  The government is actively enforcing antipollution and environmental regulations.

Summary

The Olvana infrastructure is modern and continues to improve as the urbanization continues. Significant emphasis is placed on the modernizing of the infrastructure in the past 20 years. Olvana has a state of the art mass transit system.  The Olvanese government continues to subsidize the mass transit system to increase ridership and decrease congestion on the roads and air pollution.  Airports range from large international airports that can handle almost any aircraft currently in production to small-unimproved dirt strips.  Seaports are modern and can handle all modern cargo vessels. The country recently suffered from high levels of pollution in the urban areas and the government has made policies to combat pollution in urban environments.  Air pollution has improved significantly but ground and water pollution are still way above acceptable western levels.