Infrastructure: North Torbia

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The infrastructure of the DPRT is old, dilapidated, and in need of repair and upgrades. Due to the secretive and isolationist policies of the DPRTs totalitarian state, resources and aid needed to maintain roads, electrical grids, bridges and damns, etc. is not available. Economic sanctions placed on the DPRT have also strained the already weakened economy. The small amount of aid that does reach the DPRT is diverted to the military and the ruling class at the expense of the rest of the country. The Pacific countries that possess hydrocarbon resources will continue to depend on the hydrocarbon industries to drive their economies, while those that do not possess such resources will attempt to tie themselves to hydrocarbon-rich nations. The DPRT faces geopolitical difficulties in exporting any products due to international sanctions. Bordered by its key adversary, South Torbia, the DPRT must rely on tenuous routes to export its resources. South Torbia continues to view transshipment of hydrocarbon products or providing other services to oil-wealthy countries their primary short- to medium-term means to achieve economic development. South Torbia and Gabal continue to recover from a collapse two decades ago that crippled their economies. All nations of the Pacific have relatively high inefficiency due to corruption, government involvement in the economy, and/or lack of export industry development.

Construction Patterns

Construction patterns in the Pacific tend to mimic those in the West in urban centers, with one glaring exception. The transition and distance of modern, urban business districts to slums and shanty towns is drastically less than in Europe or North America. Often times the distance is only one to three miles from commercial areas to poverty stricken sections of cities. The six largest cities in the DPRT have infrastructure that ranges from skyscrapers and modern buildings to slums and shanty towns. Rural areas and villages tend to have limited infrastructure, usually having few paved roads, intermittent electrical service and basic water and plumbing.

Major North Torbian Cities and Urban Zones

Approximately 48% of the DPRTs citizens live in cities or urban areas. This is due to the DPRT regimes centrally planned, collective economic initiatives. The DPRT has six major cities that account for about 37% of the population. These four urban areas are the central engines of the DPRTs economy and import/export most of the products that power the economy.

Baguio

Baguio City, is a highly urbanized city in [ southern part of N] the DPRT, also referred to as the Summer Capital of Torbia in the period before World War Two. It served as a provincial capital from 1901 to 1916, but has been administered independently by the central government since the Torbian War, 1950-1953. The city has become the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Torbia, as well as the national center of the DPRT. According to [ a] [:File:///C:/Users/1039522922.MIL/Desktop/DATE Pacific/North Torbia/North Torbia Infrastructure v1.docx# msocom 1 [LMD1]] census three years ago, Baguio has a population of 345,366.

Citizens of Baguio enjoy a higher standard of living than the rest of North Torbia. Most of the population works for the Government or Armed Forces, or in industries that support the Central Government. Electricity, transportation, and housing is plentiful and functional in the capital, as opposed to the rest of the country, where these services are intermittent and unreliable.

Baguio is the melting pot of different peoples and cultures in the DPRT. Because of this, numerous investments and business opportunities are lured to the city, although most of the profits and benefits go the Central Government or Party Elites. Despite the city's relatively small size, it is home to numerous shopping centers and malls catering to increasing commercial and tourist activity in Baguio, although these businesses are plagued by chronic shortages of goods.

Various food and retail businesses run by local residents proliferate, forming a key part of Baguio's cultural landscape. Several retail outlets and dining outlets are situated along Bonifacio Street, Session Road, near Teacher's Camp, and Baguio Fastfood Center near the market.

 The areas of Session Road, Harrison Road, Magsaysay Avenue and Abanao Street comprise the trade center of the city, where commercial and business structures such as cinemas, hotels, restaurants, department stores, and shopping centers are concentrated.

[]Baguio is the country's only profitable investment area, with the Torbian People’s Economic Zone Authority (TPEZA) and an accredited business and industrial park called the Baguio City Economic Zone (BCEZ). Located in the southern part of the city between Camp Bansa  Peoples Country Club and The Torbian Military Academy in Barangay Loakan. Firms located in the BCEZ mostly produce and export knitted clothing, transistors, and small components for vehicles, electronics and computer parts.

Aparri

The city of Aparri, officially the Municipality of Aparri, is a city in the province of Cagayan, North Torbia. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 65,649 people. It sits at the mouth of the Cagayan River, the longest river in North Torbia, about 55 miles north of Tuguegarao , the provincial capital.

Aparri was formerly a Japanese  trading post because of its location at the northern tip of Luzon at the mouth of the Cagayan River. It was the main area for trade for Japan in the island of Luzon. Much of the area was once home to the native Ibanag  people, who were at the time in alliance with Japan as an early form of an informal protectorate city-state. Since the Torbian War, the city has been a strategic military area for the Torbian military. The DPRT Naval Forces use the port of Aparri as a base , but they are unable to stage offensive operations due the dilapidated state of the port and the inability of the North Torbian Navy to conduct Blue Water operations. Twelve years ago, work was started to rebuild the port, after the old pier deteriorated due to the rising level of water, the common storms, and poor construction. 

Aparri's port has established itself  as a critical component of busy international shipping trade with neighboring parts of Northeast and Southeast Asia. Of the DPRT's three international shipping ports, Aparri is the most economically important and serves as a base of trade to Olvana and Japan. Aparri also boasts a Sailor’s Club which serves to cater for non-western foreign crews as well as a meeting base for North Torbians and foreigners engaged in the shipping trade.

Aparri is the only city in North Torbia other than Baguio to operate a tram system. These trains are all second-hand from Baguio. Originally, it was planned to be a 32 km (20 mi) system, but only phase 1, 5 km (3.2 mi), and phase 2, 10 km (6.4 mi), were completed. Phase 3, which was to be 20 km (13.2 mi), was not completed due to lack of funds and material. Also, due to electricity shortages, the trams run infrequently. Besides trams, Jeepneys also operate, but these are operated only four hours a day. Private taxis do not exist.

During the North Torbian famine of the 1990s, Aparri was one of the worst affected locations in the country; death rates may have been as high as 20 %. Conditions there remain poor in terms of food availability . This problem has caused several instances of civil unrest in Aparri, a rarity in North Torbia. The Central Government reacted with harsh repressive measures to the protests, killing 20-30 protesters and sending approximately 150 protesters and their families to prison camps.

Aparri is one of the DPRT’s important steel and fiber industry centers. It has a shipyard, locomotive plant, chemical plant, and a rubber factory. Near the port area are the Bakan Steel Co., State Chemical Textile Co., Northern Coal Mine Machinery Factory, and Torbia Iron & Steel. Industrial activities in the city have been severely handicapped due to a lack of resources and skilled workers. Despite these challenges, Aparri is estimated to have a 34 per cent share of the DPRT's foreign trade and is host to a resident Olvanian consul who serves Olvanian merchants and businesspersons operating in the north east of the country.

Due to the heavy concentration of industries in the area, Aparri is also the DPRT's air pollution black spot. Since the famine of the 1990s, Aparri has seen its industry and factories decay. Most of the factories while still operational have not upgraded since the 1970s. Pollution and environmental regulations are nonexistent, so pollution and smog have left a constant haze over the city.

Some of Aparri’s main factories and industries are:

Aparri Clothing Factory – makes Vinalon cloth into uniforms

North Torbia Provincial Broadcasting Company

Aquino-ri Deer Company – makes medicine from deer antlers

Second Metal Construction Company

Cagayan Hot Springs – the alkaline waters are reserved for party officials and guarded by the military

The Zina Rang Mines – kaolin mine 

The Aparri area has little arable land, so the famine in the 1990s hit the residents of Aparri particularly hard. During the late 1990s, the city's residents experienced some of the highest death rates from famine, which might have been as high as 20 percent of the population. By 1995, the local frog population was wiped out due to overhunting and the presence of rabbits, squirrels, and rats went down drastically due to the population utilizing them as food source.

In Aparri the political prison camp, Camp 87, a large prison complex in the northern part of the city, more than 3,000 political prisoners are forced to manufacture bicycles and other consumer goods.

A political reeducation camp, Camp 101, is located twenty miles southwest of the city. 

The Aparri Detention Center, which was built during the Torbian War, is still in use and houses criminals and as opposed to political prisoners. This detention center holds North Torbias most dangerous criminals, and is the countries center for carrying out executions.

Laoag

Laoag was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1910, developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II. Since 1945 the cities importance as an industrial center have grown. Some of the city's industrial facilities include the Laoag Smelter Complex, the La-ri Glass Corporation, the Laoag Shipbuilding Complex, the Fishery Complex, and other local factories. Laoag is vital to the DPRTs shipbuilding industry. North of the city are facilities for freight transportation, aquatic products, and fishery, and a sea salt factory.

The Port of Laoag has an 8 –KM long Sea Wall that has three lock chambers which allow the passage of ships up to 50,000 tons, and 36 sluices. Laoag Harbor is often used as the primary port of call for the reception of foreign food aid assistance into North Torbia. Since the port receives the bulk of aid shipments, the Central Government insures that it remains functional and conducts modernization and maintenance of all port facilities and infrastructure.

The road network in Laoag also receives more government attention than other cities, due to the traffic that the Port of Laoag generates. Roads in the city are fairly modern and functional. The rail system is also fairly modern and services the port and the industrial section of the city. Laoag is home to Rehiyonal Airport and can accommodate charter flights and the country’s airline, Paliparan.

Tuguegaro

Tuguegarao City is a city in north eastern North Torbia. It is the capital of the province of Cagayan  and the regional and institutional center of Cagayan Valley Region . A major urban center in the Northeastern Luzon it is one of the fastest growing cities in North Torbia. This is due to the Central Governments forcible relocation of workers to work on construction projects to build new factories and rail facilities to support the growing coal mining industry . The DPRT is attempting to offset the effects of International Sanctions by turn Tuguegaro into a profitable coal mining  city that can supply itself and its neighbors with coal. It is estimated that these projects are going to be completed no later than the next four years.

Due to the rapid growth of the population, Tuguegaro has a very large system of shantytowns and slums that house the workers and their families. The rapid growth of the city has caused traffic problems and food shortages due to the government’s inability to plan and provide for the influx of workers.

Within the past three decades, its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to mining and secondary/tertiary economic activities such as trading, commerce and services. The shift was ushered by Tuguegarao's role as the provincial and regional  government center and one of the centers of commerce in Northern Torbia. Banking, educational, commercial, industrial and tourism -related activities proliferate in the area.

Tuguegarao is considered a center for education in Northeastern Torbia and considered as the university capital of the north. It has the most universities in the region, and it is home to several prestigious schools which provide education to Cagayan Valley residents, such as the People’s Science and Mining College and the University of Medicine, which are both located in the modern, urban city center.

Other schools in the city are the University of Cagayan Valley, Matthias Tucker [LMD3] College, F.L. Vargas College, Maila Rosario College, City Technological Institute, Cagayan Metropolitan Institute of Technology, STI College, and AMA Computer College.

Tuguegarao also has CSU  Morris (Sentinary Campus), and CSU Bosse (Carig Campus). Both universities have their own administration and are separated from each other.

The Peoples Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (PTESDA) was established in 1998, by the Central Government to modernize North Torbian industrial and technical education.  This agency forces the full participation of industry, labor, local government units, and technical-vocational institutions to develop the technical skills of the country's human resource. The PTESDA complex and facilities are located at Carig Norte, in the industrial section of Tuguegarao.

Tuguegaro also has four State run hospitals offering adequate health services to the people of the city and surrounding area.

Cagayan Valley Medical Center is a medical institution with a bed capacity of 500, making it the largest medical facility in the entire Cagayan Valley Region. It is a leader on patient care, training, and research.

Tuguegaro State Hospital is a full service medical institution with a 250-bed capacity. It offers emergency, outpatient consultation, laboratory, diagnostics, and inpatient services. This hospital is reserved for Party members and offers the best medical care available in the city.

Ricardo Mulinaro Wellness Center is a private tertiary level hospital with a bed capacity of 100. It is located within the city's central business district.

Tuguegarao City People's General Hospital is a state-owned hospital located at the city's downtown area adjacent to the People’s Revolutionary Museum.

Population Density

Approximately 48% of the DPRTs citizens live in cities or urban areas.   This is due to the DPRT regimes centrally planned, collective economic initiatives. Of this 48%, 20% (or approximately 15% of the population) are Party Members and therefore enjoy better housing, food, and standard of living than most North Torbians. Population density and urban construction patterns reflect the societal divide. The difference between party Member Housing and the slums and substandard dwellings that most citizens live in is drastic. Most citizens have inadequate housing, utilities, plumbing, and access to reliable electricity. Even those lucky enough to live in dormitory style housing near major factories, mines, and plants still lack basic necessities.

The population is centered around the four major urban areas discussed previously, with the rest of the population living in rural towns and villages and working on collective farms and state sponsored small

Utilities Present

The North Torbians will continue to depend on the [ oil] [:File:///C:/Users/1039522922.MIL/Desktop/DATE Pacific/North Torbia/North Torbia Infrastructure v1.docx# msocom 1 [LMD1]] and coal industries to drive their economies, while attempting to ally themselves to hydrocarbon-rich nations . North Torbia faces geopolitical difficulties in exporting their oil  and coal, and most of these resources are used internally. Bordered by adversaries, the DPRT must rely on tenuous routes to export their resources and aid from their few allies .

Power

North Torbia’s energy infrastructure is obsolete and in disrepair. Power shortages and outages are chronic and cannot be fixed by electricity imports because the poorly maintained grid causes significant losses during transmission. Coal accounts for 70% of primary energy production, followed by hydroelectric power with 17%.  Most of the electrical infrastructure is located in urban areas, with much of the rural sections having limited, intermittent, or no access to electricity. The Central Government has increased emphasis on renewable energy projects like wind farms, solar parks, solar heating and biomass, but the lack of trained and capable technicians and workers has hampered this effort.  North Torbia's long-term objective is to curb fossil fuel usage and become energy independent 2050. At the present pace of modernization, this goal will not be met, and the Central Government will use the lack of adequate power as anti-U.S./South Torbia propaganda. Wind power is being emphasized as a key piece of the country's total energy demand under this strategy.

Water and Sewage

Access to running water and indoor plumbing is limited to those Party Members in major urban areas and even this is not functional by Western standards. Most residents of apartment buildings still use communal bath and toilet facilities , with individual bathrooms limited to Senior Party Members. In the countryside most citizens do not have access to indoor plumbing and use outhouses and transport water from rivers and streams for cooking and bathing.

Transportation Architecture

The transportation system in the DPRT is relatively underdeveloped, partly due to the country's mountainous areas and multiple scattered islands , and partly as a result of the government's persistent underinvestment in the nation's infrastructure. In recent years, however, the DPRT has been pushing to improve the transportation system in the country through various infrastructure projects.

Jeepneys are the most popular mode of public transportation in the DPRT they have also become a ubiquitous symbol of the North Torbian/DPRT culture. Another popular mode of public transportation in the country is the motorized tricycle; they are especially common in rural areas. The Torbian National Railway serves the Baguio and some parts of the rural area of the country, but it is mostly restricted to the Military and party Members. Buses are also important modes of public transport in urban areas.

Road Systems

The road network in the DPRT consists mainly of paved, poorly maintained two to three lane highways that connect North Torbia’s largest cities. Since travel is severely restricted and personal ownership of vehicles is outlawed, the roads are used mainly for military transport. The only persons who can drive are ususally Party functionaries on official buisiness, and even these trips are subject to Draconian rules as to how many people must be in the vehicle, numereous forms and permits, etc.

North Torbia consists of 505 km of paved roads and 1,700 km of unpaved roads.  The road quality remains poor due to the sanctions placed on the country.  The primary focus for road maintence is the capital city.  At is common to see erratic behavior from the drivers as they swerve to avoid the multiple potholes on the road networks.  The roads through the mountanous regions are very narrow switchbacks and gravel without guard rails.  These roads are very dangerous during good conditions and become exponetially more dangerous during limited visibility and inclement weather.  The police typically accept bribes in liue of arresting and prosecuting people for violations.  If a driver (and possibly passengers) can not pay the required bribe they will be arrested and prosecuted for even minor offenses.

Bus

The DPRT maintains a national People’s Bus Line that citizens can use to travel in the unlikely event that they are granted permission to travel.  Most buses have been donated by Donovia or other countries after their usefulness has run out there. Due to the age of the buses and poor maintenance, they often break down. Each “star” on a bus indicates 10,000 trips. Most buses in the capital city have 10 or more stars on them and this is after their arrival in the DPRT.

The capital city of Baguio is the only city with a tram and trolley bus system to move citizens around the town.  The trams and trolley buses were converted to electric power approximately 15 years ago due to limited amounts of fuel available.   This system provides regular service throughout the town but is effected by rolling black outs.  If this happens, the riders are expected to get off the tram / bus and push it.

There is a black market bus system that operates in the towns in villages where people with drivers licenses will buy outdated Donovian or Olvanese buses and use them for inter-city transport.  These trips can be dangerous due to the roads and possible arrest due to unregulated travel.

Rail

The overall rail infrastructure in North Torbia is outdated and in a poor state.  There have been no efforts to modernize the infrastructure since it was originally built more than 50 years ago.  The tracks are single track and require trains to wait sometimes several hours for another train to pass.  There are approximately 250km of track that runs on the western coast of North Torbia.  the tracks are narrow gauge are compatible with South Torbia.  All of the locomotives currently in use are over 40 years old and are diesel electric that are not reliable.  Movement of freight and goods is prioritized above passengers. The trains do not run on a regular schedule and are prone to breakdowns and delays.

In Baguio they have a two line subway system that moves passengers below ground.  The subway system is in relative modern state.  It transports passengers either north to south or east to west. The tracks merge in the city center. There are several stations along the route but not all of them are functioning.  The cars are electric and are less prone to blackouts as the trams and trolley buses.  Air Transportation System

Air Transportation Systems

All of the airports in North Torbia are ran by the DPRT.  There are limited domestic flights and international flights.  Flights do depart internationally going to Donovia and Olvana. Due to the sanctions and travel restrictions placed on DPRT they have limited fuel to be used for travel and their fleet of aircraft is obsolete and fails to meet western standards.  The aging communication infrastructure is not compatible with neighboring countries and the air traffic controls are required to use a land line to call other countries air traffic controllers to hand off an aircraft.

Paved Runways

• To be published.

Unpaved Runways

• To be published.

Major Runways

• To be published.

Name	Location	Length (m)	Surface	Elevation (ft)
San Fernando (Poro Point) Airport	16°35′44.12″N 120°18′11.59″E	2,120	Concrete	13
Loakan Airport	16°22′30″N 120°37′10″E	1,802	Concrete	4251
Laoag International Airport	18°10′41″N 120°31′55″E	2,780	Concrete	25
Cagayan North International Airport	18°10′55″N 121°44′45″E	2,100	Concrete	601
Tuguegarao Airport	17°38′18″N 121°43′50″E	1,967	Concrete	70
Cauayan Airport	16°55′48″N 121°45′11″E	2,096	Concrete	200

Map #	Elevation (Feet)	Latitude (D, M, S)	Longitude (D, M, S)	Length (Feet)	Width (Feet)	Surface Type

Airports/Airlines

North Torbia consists of six airports with two of them being international.  The airline terminals are very outdated with limited modern infrastructure.  The aircraft typically do not meet western safety standards and the air traffic controls fail to receive the level of training to be internationally recognized for most countries.  Currently there are three airlines that operate in North Torbia:  Paliparan, Donovian Air, and Olvanese Airways. Donovian Air and Olvanese Airways offer international flights to and from North Torbia.  Paliparan is the only airline to offer domestic flights and international.  It is the flagship carrier for North Torbia and is owned and operated by the DPRT government.  There is no civilian ownership of aircraft in the country and all aircraft are dual purpose as they can be used for civilian aviation but also when required move troops.

Ports/Sea/River Transportation Systems

North Torbia currently has four ports Currimao, Aparri, Iran, and San Vincente.  These ports lack many modern features that are standard in most ports around the world.  North Torbia only has one deep water port and the remaining ports require ships to anchor outside and have the cargo barged into the port.  The Cagayan River is navigable by smaller flat-bottomed vessels in the valley; how far up depends on the season and the river level.

The DPRT Navy is responsible for securing the ports, rivers, and territorial waters of North Torbia.  Of note North Torbia believes there littoral area extends 75 nm from the coast not the internationally recognized 12 nm.

Pipelines

North Torbia does not currently have any pipelines.  The DPRT is working to create pipelines from the port of XXXXXXXX (deep-water) to the capital of Baguio in the next 10 years.

Telecommunications Architecture

The telecommunications network is fiber optic and 3g cellular technology. The cellular network only covers 16 percent of the country.  Of note the DPRT severely restricts the ability of the common person and even government officials from calling outside of North Torbia.  There is no Internet access on mobile phones.  Cellular phones also all have logs that by government officials review to ensure no wrong doing.

There are currently 1.07 million landlines in North Torbia.  .  Typically only senior government officials have land line phones.  To get a land line a person must submit their rank, reasons for having a phone, and how they will pay for it before they are able to get one. Landline phones are in government offices, collective farms and state run businesses.  Only 15 percent of the land lines are controlled by private citizens or homes.

3.16 million residents have a cell phone.  The cell phones have a digital signature so that the DPRK can track whom they call. As of three years ago, the no mobile phones were able to dial out of the country or into it.  The cellular network only cover 16 percent of the country.

Landlines as they are much more prevalent the cellular phones in the areas outside of the capital city.

The country greatly restricts internet access to people in the government.  North Torbia has created their own intranet to connect all government offices (from national to provincial).  It is highly regulated and monitored.  There is limited outside internet connection in some of the major hotels for international travelers that is restricted and monitored.

Three national stations broadcast from 9am to 3 pm local time.  Some local villages have their own radio stations.  All radios have been modified to only receive approved DPRT channels.

There are seven tv stations ran by the central government.  The tv stations do not broadcast until the new at 1700.  On Sundays, broadcasts start at 0600.  If it is a holiday, sporting event, major event, or emergency it will broadcast.  Over 50 percent of North Torbian’s have access to television.  All televisions are preprogrammed to only North Torbian channels.

The government runs all media forms and only approved material is broadcasted.  It is illegal to watch / listen / read anything that may portray DPRT in a negative light.

Agriculture

69.8 percent of North Torbians work in the agriculture sector accounting for 12.4 percent of the GDP.  The country is not self sufficient when it comes to producing enough food stuffs.  Sanctions placed on North Torbia have caused severe food shortages and they rely on international aid to help offset the lack of food stuffs.  Rice accounts is planted on 60 percent of the land that is able to be farmed and accounts for 97% of crops produced.  Other agricultural products include corn, pineapple, other fruits, and sugarcane. In remote, mountainous regions, cannabis and hemp are also cultivated.

North Torbians still use traditional farming methods and use natural irrigation to supply water to their fields.  If any season is overly dry or wet that greatly impacts the crop production. There were severe droughts 30 years ago and the country is still trying to recover from them.

Industry

To be published.

Oil/Gas

To be published.

Defense Industries

To be published.

Nuclear

North Torbia is advancing its nuclear weapons program by saying it is trying to invest in nuclear power as a sustainable method to combat the electricity blackouts.  The DPRT is not a signatory to any treaties and under stiff sanctions by the US and several other organizations.  The DPRT has fewer than 10 nuclear weapons.  Secretary-General Song has openly stated DPRT will strike first if he perceives that his regime is about to collapse—or that an extra-regional power is contemplating regime change.

Space

The DPRT is working to rebuild their environment.  There was heavy deforestation due to the drought 30 years ago and do to slash and burn tactics to create more useable farm land.  They have started several programs to replace the deforestation that has happened.  Several of the rivers are severely polluted and the water is not safe for human consumption in some of the areas surrounding factories and downstream.  The country recently has taken strides to improve the air quality. As recent as 10 years ago the air quality and particulates in the air were at some of the worst levels in the world due to the nations reliance on coal for power and heat.  Recently the country has been working to improve sustainability through planting of saplings and green energy.  The land surrounding the agriculture areas is contaminated due to the unrestricted use of the pesticide DDT. 

Pollution

The DPRT is working to rebuild their environment.  There was heavy deforestation due to the drought 30 years ago and do to slash and burn tactics to create more useable farm land.  They have started several programs to replace the deforestation that has happened.  Several of the rivers are severely polluted and the water is not safe for human consumption in some of the areas surrounding factories and downstream.  The country recently has taken strides to improve the air quality. As recent as 10 years ago the air quality and particulates in the air were at some of the worst levels in the world due to the nations reliance on coal for power and heat.  Recently the country has been working to improve sustainability through planting of saplings and green energy.  The land surrounding the agriculture areas is contaminated due to the unrestricted use of the pesticide DDT. 

Summary

To be published.