Social: Ziwa

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one million high school graduates apply for entrance into Arianian universities. The more educated the Arianian public becomes, however, the more likely that they will speak out against the theocracy.

Social Statistics for Ariana, Atropia, Donovia, Gorgas, and Limaria

	Amari	Kujenga	Nyumba	Ziwa
Age Distribution (%)
< 15 yr	42	45%	44%	45%
15-59 yr	53	50%	52%	49%
> 60 yr	5	5%	4%	6%
Median Age	19.5	27	18	20
Pop. Growth Rate (% - rank)	1.81%	2.8%	2%	3.2%
Birth Rate (per 1,000 - rank)	25.1	35	39	42.9
Death Rate (per 1,000 - rank)	6.8	7.6	13.1	10.2
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 - rank)	38.3	41.2	96.6	57.6
Life Expectancy	64	62.2	52.4	65
Total (years - rank)
Male (years - rank)
Female (years - rank)
Fertility Rate (child/woman - rank)	3.14	4.77	5.8	5.71
Net Migration Rate (per 1,000/rank)	0.3%	0.2%	-0.5%	-6.5%
Literacy Rate (%)	78% Male 81% Female 74%	76% Male 83% Female 71%	72% Male 82% Female 68%	78% Male 85% Female 72%
Urban Population	25.6%	33%	40.5%	16.8%
Proportion of Total Pop. (%)
Urbanization Rate (%)	4.3%	5%	4%	5.3%

Regional Languages

	Amari	Kujenga	Nyumba	Ziwa

Regional Religious Affiliation

	Amari	Kujenga	Nyumba	Ziwa

Regional Ethnic Groups

	Amari	Kujenga	Nyumba	Ziwa
	Kiboko 22%	Wawindaji 12%		Maji
	Nyati 15%	Kabila 10%		Almasi
	Samaki 13%	Almasi 9%		Kiboko
	Kondoo 12%	Samaki 9%		Mafuta
	Haki 10%	Milima 8%		Other African
	Nomadic 4%	Kirafiki 6%		Non-African
	Other African 21%	Kiarabu 6%
	Non-African 3%	Upanga
		Kisu 4%
		Mahindi 4%
		Other African 25%
		Non-African 2%

Major Diseases in the Region

	Amari	Kujenga	Nyumba	Ziwa

Population Movement (Migration/IDPs/Refugees)

In spite of large scale population returns in the last eight years following the end of the last civil war, Nyumba is recognized as having one of the largest internally displaced persons (IDP) populations in the world. Given poor governance, discriminate resource distribution that favors some over others, violence, criminal activities, and an agricultural economy facing natural and manmade crises, Nyumba will face increasing numbers of people displaced within its borders.

Population Distribution

necessary job skills and, as a result, are not able to provide for their families.

Demographic Mix

an even younger populace. The average Arianian female outlives the average male by about three years. This relatively young population provides significant human resources for both military and civilian jobs.

Social Volatility

Ariana are sympathetic to pro-Western economic initiatives and social-political concepts. (See the Military variable for more information.)

Education Level

education policies will continue to drive those who want an open education from the field and, if given the chance, many will leave the country to teach elsewhere.

Ethnic Diversity

within Ariana have posed political challenges to the regime, but none currently show signs that they will directly challenge the government’s authority.

Religious Diversity

does not allow for much diversity or any degree of separation of religion from other aspects of society.

Common Languages

other languages. For US personnel to communicate with the Arianian populace, they will need to speak Farsi or use local interpreters.

Criminal Activity

ern border regions  of Ariana. The picture is a recent smuggling tunnel discovered by Atropian border guards. Criminal networks traffic Arianian women to Europe, Central/South Asia, and the Persian Gulf states for labor and sexual exploitation. Ariana remains a significant destination country for boys from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh for labor.

Human Rights

Nyumba's government ranks at the bottom of human rights rankings. Reports over the past few years detail numerous severe abuses focused on women, children, minorities, personal freedomes. Recently reported human rights violations include:

• Unjust executions after reportedly unfair trials
• Disappearances
• Torture and severe officially-sanctioned punishments such as death by stoning or flogging
• Poor prison conditionsrs
• Poor prison conditions
• Arbitrary arrest and detention
• Lack of judicial independence
• Lack of fair public trials
• Political prisoners and detainees held without charges or held on false charges
• Restrictions of civil liberties, such as speech, press, assembly, association, movement, and privacy
• Severe restrictions on freedom of religion
• Official corruption
• Lack of government transparency
• Violence and discrimination against women and minorities
• Child labor, including forced child labor and
• Child soldiers
• Incitement to anti-Semitism
• Restriction of workers' rights, such as freedom of association, organizing, and collective bargaining
• Child labor, including forced child labor
• Persecution of minorities, including religious minorities

Centers of Social Power

Nymbaans tend to identify with their tribes rather than their nation. The country's borders do not follow the geographical divisions of its various tribes, which in many cases spill over into neighboring countries. Since independence, Muslims have moved to forge a national Nyumbaan identity based on Arabic culture, language, and tribal patronage at the expense of minorities and less powerful tribes within its borders.

Regional tribal militias, such as the Tajammu, are used to crush political opposition and punish those it deems a threat. The military remains loyal due, in large measure, to the legal and illegal money-generating opportunities afforded it and their tribes. These revenue streams allow it to give the rank and file in the military better-than-average salaries and perks which are then passed on to favored tribes. All of this is calculated to keep the ruling party in power.

Tribal System

• Sheikhs can (but may not always be) influential and powerful.
• A Sheikh can have family members (and therefore influence) spread over large geographic areas, and may not have any real power or influence in his immediate area.
• Tribal organization is as follows:
  • Ÿ  Tribal Confederation
  • Ÿ  Tribe
  • Ÿ  Sub-tribe
  • Ÿ  Clan
  • Ÿ  Branch
  • Ÿ  Family

Honor and Shame

• Honor in Nyumbaan culture defines an individual’s reputation and worth.
• A family’s male head of household is responsible for protecting the family’s honor.
• When someone’s honor is compromised, Nyumbaans seek revenge for themselves, their family, or their group.

Basic Cultural Norms and Values

and spare parts. Due to a firm belief in the righteousness of their religion, young Arianian males will continue to participate enthusiastically in the military despite any leadership deficiencies.

Meeting & Greeting	The lower-status person issues the first greeting—typically Salam (peace). Men shake hands. Men do not shake hands with a woman unless the woman offers her hand first. Make a slight bow or nod of the head when shaking hands. People of the same gender may kiss on the cheek.
Visiting/ Hospitality	Stand when an older or important person enters or leaves a room. Shaking a child’s hand shows respect for the parents. Due to the lack of other entertainment, family visitation is the most common form of recreation. Honored guests are placed at the head of the table/room and are served first. It is acceptable to decline the honor and pass it on to someone else.
Manners	Use Mr. or Mrs. until well acquainted with the person. If someone displays interest in your meal, offer them a portion of it. It is alright to decline the offer of the food from their plate.
Customs and Practices Cultural Dos & Don’ts	No casinos, nightclubs, dance halls, movies with nudity or sexual themes, or music genres such as rap or rock. Men and women dress conservatively, with men wearing Western-style clothing. Women must be covered from head to toe in public. Some women will wear a burqa, covering all but the eyes, while others will wear a head scarf that exposes the face.
Gifts	Be careful about praising a person’s possession as he will likely offer it to you. Bring a small gift when invited to a household. It will not be opened in front of you. People who return from trips are expected to bring gifts for family and friends.
Taboos	No chess or card games allowed. Girls can only play sports in special enclosed areas. Women cannot perform music in public. Do not eat or drink in public from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. Do not find yourself in a closed room alone with a member of the opposite gender. Do not consume any alcohol. Do not cross your legs or point the soles of your feet at anyone. Do not eat with the left hand. Do not over-praise a child as the parents will think you are putting the “evil eye” on them. Do not stare at others. This is considered rude and is offensive if done to a female by a male.
Personal Space	Much less than that of the US. Arianians will stand very close when speaking to a person.
Displays of Affection	No public displays of affection even between married people.
Marriage Rituals	Dating is uncommon. Parents choose the bride for their son through the Khastagari or investigation process. A contract is concluded at the second Khastagari, which is when the groom meets the bride for the first time. The groom’s family gives a gift to the bride at the Bale Barun ceremony months later. The two families determine the Majles (dowry), hold a Namzadi where the bride and groom exchange rings, and set the wedding date. In the Khunche, the groom’s family takes gifts to the bride’s house in flat containers carried on their heads. Ceremony takes place at a Sofeye Aghd (Wedding Spread) where the marriage is a contract. The Patakhti (similar to a US wedding shower) takes place after the wedding.
Work Week/ Work Hours	Saturday to Thursday, 44 hours per week with a Friday-only weekend.
Concept Of Time	More relaxed than the West. Arianians want to establish trust before working with a foreigner or stranger.
Dispute Resolution	Often hold grudges and seek revenge.
Birth Rituals	Only close relatives visit the mother in the hospital. Others wait until the baby comes home and then bring a gift when they visit. An older member of the family will speak Arabic into the baby’s ear. Maternal grandmother usually takes care of the mother and child for 10 days. Mothers are expected to breast-feed their babies because of a fear that if they do not, the child will become “remorseless.” Some brides eat a cooked sheep’s neck to give the baby a strong neck. Baby receives a special bath at 10 days old. When the first tooth appears, the Mother feeds the baby “tooth soup.” Some Shia males are circumcised on the seventh day after their birth, but all Muslim males are circumcised before puberty. Children from any marriage belong to the father in the event of a divorce.
Death Rituals	Bodies must be buried within 24 hours. Washed nine times (often three now) with sedr, kafoor, and fresh water by the same gender. Body openings plugged with cotton balls. Body wrapped in a kafan (large white cotton cloth), tied on both ends, and placed in the coffin. Sometimes females will not attend male relative’s funeral. Buried individually, but high plot cost means that some Arianians use the same plot. Buried with right side facing Mecca. Burials take place only in daylight hours. Professional readers or recordings recite prayers. Family will dress in black for 40 days while some extend the mourning period to one year. Relatives visit the gravesite on the Hafteh (seventh day), Cheleh (40th day), and Sal (one year) after the person’s death.

Summary

better opportunities abroad. All of these issues continue to perplex the religious establishment, which has not developed viable solutions.